16层CT多平面重建与最大密度投影诊断孤立性肺结节的应用价值

目的:探讨多层CT后处理技术对孤立性肺结节的诊断价值。方法:对符合条件的56例患者行CT扫描,原始采集层厚为0.75mm,重建层厚7mm。发现结节时利用层厚为0.75mm的原始数据对病灶及周围组织进行三维重建,MPR重建包括冠状位、矢状位和病灶最大径平面图像,应用后处理软件重建出最大密度投影图像。结果:56例肺结节中恶性结节31例,良性结25例。4例假阴性包括2例腺癌、1例鳞癌和1例小细胞癌,4例病灶直径均小于1.0cm。5例假阳性包括2例肌纤维母细胞瘤和3例结核球。三维率>1.5的肺结节89%是良性SPN。结论:多层CT多平面重建与最大密度投影技术有助于孤立性肺结节的定性诊断,多平面重建技术的价值优于最大密度投影技术。     

螺旋CT增强扫描对孤立性肺结节的诊断价值

目的:研究螺旋CT增强扫描时孤立性肺结节的诊断价值。方法:回顾分析经病理证实的恶性结节50例、炎性结节26例、结核瘤12例的螺旋CT增强扫描的表现。结果:恶性结节和炎性结节增强扫描的强化程度明显高于结核瘤(P＜0．05)。炎性结节强化峰值的时间较恶性结节延迟。恶性结节增强扫描出现点、条状及边缘强化。结论:螺旋CT增强扫描对孤立性肺结节的诊断具有重要临床应用价值。     

高分辨MSCT薄层重组在常规胸部体检中的应用

目的：探讨多排螺旋CT（MSCT）高分辨薄层重组对体检中肺部疾病的诊断价值,以及MSCT薄层重组与常规CT扫描图像质量及诊断准确率对照。方法：搜集做64排常规CT扫描同时行薄层重组的2473例体检病例中筛选的97例患者进行回顾性分析。结果：97例患者在常规CT扫描中有80例可以显示病变,而在MSCT薄层重组中97例均有阳性发现;其中双肺弥漫性病变79例（两肺间质纤维化78例,肺内多发转移瘤1例）,肺结核3例,肺内孤立结节12例,早期中央型肺癌1例,先天性支气管闭锁1例以及纵隔肿瘤1例;MSCT薄层重组图像可清晰显示肺内小叶间隔线增厚、弥漫分布的囊性病变、肺内结节的细微征象。结论：MSCT薄层重组在胸部体检中的诊断阳性率、细节分辨率、图像质量及确诊率均优于常规CT,可作为肺内病变尤其是早期肺癌筛查方法之首选。     

高分辨MSCT 薄层重组在常规胸部体检中的应用

目的:探讨多排螺旋CT(MSCT)高分辨薄层重组对体检中肺部疾病的诊断价值,以及MSCT薄层重组与常规CT扫描图像质量及诊断准确率对照。方法:搜集做64排常规CT扫描同时行薄层重组的2473例体检病例中筛选的97例患者进行回顾性分析。结果:97例患者在常规CT扫描中有80例可以显示病变,而在MSCT薄层重组中97例均有阳性发现;其中双肺弥漫性病变79例(两肺间质纤维化78例,肺内多发转移瘤1例),肺结核3例,肺内孤立结节12例,早期中央型肺癌1例,先天性支气管闭锁1例以及纵隔肿瘤1例;MSCT薄层重组图像可清晰显示肺内小叶间隔线增厚、弥漫分布的囊性病变、肺内结节的细微征象。结论:MSCT薄层重组在胸部体检中的诊断阳性率、细节分辨率、图像质量及确诊率均优于常规CT,可作为肺内病变尤其是早期肺癌筛查方法之首选。     

早期肺癌诊断中PET/CT的应用价值

目的:探讨PET/CT在早期肺癌诊断中的应用价值.方法:应用PET/CT对16例肺部孤立性病灶进行PET/CT检查,手术切除病灶组织送病理检查,以判断诊断符合率与细胞类型.结果:16例肺病灶患者PET/CT检查与手术切除组织病理结果相比较,诊断符合率为87.5%,其中腺癌13例(包括细支气管肺泡细胞癌6例),鳞癌2例,肺粘膜相关B细胞淋巴瘤1例.结论:结合临床症状,PET/CT检查能够准确的对肺癌做出早期诊断,及早治疗,改善患者预后     

高分辨率CT与常规CT检查对肺小结节及早期肺癌诊断价值的对比研究

目的:对比高分辨率电子计算机断层扫描(CT)与常规CT检查对肺小结节及早期肺癌的诊断价值。方法:将2018年6月2020年1月我院收治的肺小结节及早期肺癌患者94例纳入研究。以随机数字表法将其分为观察组及对照组,每组各47例,对照组实施常规CT检查,观察组则实施高分辨率CT检查。比较两组CT肿瘤征象情况(主要包括毛刺征、分叶征、棘突征、钙化征、空泡征、支气管征、胸膜凹陷征、血管集束征),CT扫描图像质量,诊断肺小结节及早期肺癌的效能。结果:观察组各项CT肿瘤征象人数占比均高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组CT扫描图像质量优良率为97.87%(46/47),高于对照组的72.34%(34/47)(P<0.05)。高分辨率CT诊断早期肺癌的灵敏度及准确度、特异度分别为96.67%(29/30)、95.74%(45/47)、94.12%(16/17),高于常规CT检查的74.19%(23/31)、74.47%(35/47)、75.00%(12/16)。结论:高分辨率CT检查对肺小结节及早期肺癌诊断价值显著高于常规CT检查,可作为临床肺小结节及早期肺癌诊断的有效影像学手段,值得临床应用。     

CT灌注成像在鉴别肝细胞癌和肝局灶性结节增生中的价值分析

目的探讨CT灌注成像在鉴别肝细胞癌和肝局灶性结节增生中的临床价值。方法选取我院2016年1月~2017年12月收治的30例肝细胞癌患者为实验组,30例肝局灶性结节增生患者为对照组,两组患者均行CT平扫及全肝灌注扫描,并对两组患者实性部分CT灌注值、肝细胞癌实性成分、灶周组织、远处肝组织CT灌注值以及肝局灶性结节增生实性部分、远处肝组织CT灌注值进行分析比较。结果实验组患者实性部分肝动脉灌注量、肝动脉灌注指数明显低于对照组,门静脉灌注量明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。在实验组中,与灶周、远处肝组织比较,病灶肝动脉灌注量、肝动脉灌注指数明显升高,门静脉灌注量明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。在对照组中,与远处肝组织比较,病灶肝动脉灌注量、肝动脉灌注指数明显升高,门静脉灌注量明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论通过对比分析肝细胞癌与肝局灶性结节增生的CT灌注值,可知CT灌注成像对二者鉴别诊断有着十分积极的临床价值。     

CT三维重建技术在肺磨玻璃结节诊断中的研究进展

三维重建技术在肺磨玻璃结节(ground-glass opacity,GGO)鉴别诊断中具有重要作用,比传统的二维CT对于相关图像参数的测量更准确,更完整。近年来国内外学者对三维重建下GGO影像学变量包括结节平均直径、体积及CT值等在非典型腺瘤样增生(atypical adenomatous hyperplasia,AAH)、原位癌(adenocarcinoma in situ,AIS)、微浸润腺癌(minimally invasive adenocarcinoma,MIA)及ⅠA期浸润性腺癌(invasive adenocarcinoma,IAC)的鉴别诊断方面的研究越来越多样化。对作为早期肺癌病灶的GGO,三维重建测量可从其体积-倍增时间、CT值的峰度和偏度、平均CT值及CT值分布的方差等参数来进行术前良恶性评估。本文针对近年来国内外对三维重建处理技术在GGO诊断中的研究予以回顾和总结,旨在对GGO临床诊治予以提示。     

直径小于1 cm孤立性肺结节的18F-FDG PET/CT诊断研究进展

孤立性肺结节的鉴别诊断一直是胸部影像学的研究热点。早期且准确地鉴别肺内小结节的良恶性,对于患者治疗方案的确定以及随访情况的评估均具有重要的临床意义。~(18)F-FDG PET/CT在鉴别诊断恶性肿瘤方面具有明显优于其他传统检查的高特异性和高敏感性,其公认的恶性肿瘤的诊断阈值是最大化标准摄取值(maximum standard uptake value, SUVmax)为2.5,然而部分临床数据显示一些直径小于1 cm的恶性肺结节的SUVmax数值小于2.5。因此在早期研究中,~(18)F-FDG PET/CT在诊断直径较小的肺结节的其临床价值仍存在争议。为了尽量降低SUVmax的测量误差,提高~(18)F-FDG PET/CT诊断的准确率,衍生出了许多SUVmax辅助诊断方法以及优化的重建算法、放射性显像剂的联合应用等手段。本文将对~(18)F-FDG PET/CT鉴别诊断直径小于1 cm孤立性肺结节的研究进展进行综述。     

16层螺旋CT不同剂量扫描对肺结节诊断价值及辐射度的影响

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT不同剂量扫描对肺结节诊断价值及辐射度的影响。方法:选取2017年9月至2018年10月期间在青岛市中心医院就诊的肺结节患者200例,所有患者均接受16层螺旋CT常规剂量扫描和低剂量扫描。比较常规剂量扫描和低剂量扫描的图像质量、CT征象检出情况(分叶征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征、血管集束征、支气管征)、肺结节定性诊断结果(肺癌、肺转移瘤、炎性结节、定性困难)、肺结节大小分布(≤5 mm、6-10 mm、10 mm)、辐射度。结果:常规剂量和低剂量的扫描图像质量整体比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),常规剂量和低剂量的CT征象检出情况(分叶征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征、血管集束征、支气管征)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),常规剂量和低剂量的肺结节定性诊断结果(肺癌、肺转移瘤、炎性结节、定性困难)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),常规剂量和低剂量的肺结节大小分布(≤5 mm、6-10 mm、10 mm)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),低剂量的总管球剂量、有效管球剂量、CT容积剂量指数及剂量长度乘积均明显低于常规剂量,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:16层螺旋CT低剂量扫描对肺结节的诊断价值与常规剂量扫描相当,并可有效减少辐射度,值得临床推广应用。     

Molecular characterization of small peripheral lung tumors based on the analysis of fine needle aspirates

The computed tomography (CT)-based early lung cancer diagnostic technologies allow the detection of very small stage I lung tumors. As part of these screening protocols any suspicious nodule has to be diagnosed morphologically, which requires CT-guided Fine Needle Aspiration, open biopsy or surgery. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) cytology is a well-recognised method for a rapid and accurate diagnosis of small lung tumors. Molecular analysis of the FNA specimens could complement cytology diagnosis by the characterization of the biological traits at the preoperative stage. In this study, we aimed to characterize the biological profile of 33 paraffin-embedded transthoracic FNA samples obtained from three groups of lung cancer patients: two groups of small early-detected lung adenocarcinomas (radiologically subsolid and solid nodules) and a third group of small metastatic adenocarcinomas. Genetic analysis was performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization using the four-color LAVysion probe. p53 and Ki-67 protein expression was also evaluated by immunocytochemistry. The samples showed gains for all targets analyzed; two cases had EGFR gene amplification and two cases had MYC amplification. There were no significant differences in the percentage of genetically malignant cells and the expression of Ki-67 among the three groups. However, p53 accumulation was significantly higher in the metastatic group compared to the subsolid early-detected group (P = 0.001). In conclusion, molecular analysis of FNA specimens may provide useful information at preoperative stages. In our series, a good prognostic profile in subsolid early detected adenocarcinomas is suggested.     

18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose focal uptake in very small pulmonary nodules: fact or artifact? Case reports

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography integrated/combined with computed tomography (PET-CT) provides the best diagnostic results in the metabolic characterization of undetermined solid pulmonary nodules. The diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG is similar for nodules measuring at least 1 cm and for larger masses, but few data exist for nodules smaller than 1 cm. CASE PRESENTATION: We report five cases of oncologic patients showing focal lung 18F-FDG uptake on PET-CT in nodules smaller than 1 cm. We also discuss the most common causes of 18F-FDG false-positive and false-negative results in the pulmonary parenchyma. In patient 1, contrast-enhanced CT performed 10 days before PET-CT did not show any abnormality in the site of uptake; in patient 2, high-resolution CT performed 1 month after PET showed a bronchiole filled with dense material interpreted as a mucoid impaction; in patient 3, contrast-enhanced CT performed 15 days before PET-CT did not identify any nodules; in patients 4 and 5, contrast-enhanced CT revealed a nodule smaller than 1 cm which could not be characterized. The 18F-FDG uptake at follow-up confirmed the malignant nature of pulmonary nodules smaller than 1 cm which were undetectable, misinterpreted, not recognized or undetermined at contrast-enhanced CT. CONCLUSION: In all five oncologic patients, 18F-FDG was able to metabolically characterize as malignant those nodules smaller than 1 cm, underlining that: 18F-FDG uptake is not only a function of tumor size but it is strongly related to the tumor biology; functional alterations may precede morphologic abnormalities. In the oncologic population, especially in higher-risk patients, PET can be performed even when the nodules are smaller than 1 cm, because it might give an earlier characterization and, sometimes, could guide in the identification of alterations missed on CT.     

直径大于3厘米的周围型肺癌血流动力学的多排螺旋CT动态增强扫描研究

目的:研究直径3厘米以上周围型肺癌血流动力学的螺旋CT(电子计算机断层扫描,Computed Tomography)动态增强扫描的特点。方法:选取我院收治的肿瘤直径3 cm的周围型肺癌患者55例,肺部腺瘤(良性)患者10例,肺部炎性结节患者26例。分别进行螺旋CT动态增强扫描,记录其CT值、强化峰值(Peak enhancement,PH),绘制动态增强时间-密度曲线,计算并比较曲线最大增强线性斜率(steepes slope,SS)以及血流灌注量(blood perfusion,BP)。结果:肺部炎性结节患者的密度曲线在120 s达到最大值;肺癌患者的密度曲线至65 s达到高峰;胸腺瘤患者的密度曲线变化不明显。肺癌组PH平均值大于胸腺瘤组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);胸腺瘤组PH平均值小于肺部炎性结节组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);肺癌组SS和BP大于胸腺瘤组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);胸腺瘤组SS和BP小于肺部炎性结节组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:螺旋CT动态增强扫描能够反映直径3厘米以上周围型肺癌的血流动力学特点从而有助于在肺癌的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

多层螺旋CT对肺结核合并肺癌患者的诊断价值

目的:研究多层螺旋CT对肺结核合并肺癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法:选择2013年3月至2015年9月在我院确诊的肺结核合并肺癌患者32例和单纯肺结核患者39例应用多层螺旋CT扫描患者肺部病变情况。结果:肺结核合并肺癌组:陈旧性肺结核28例、活动性肺结核4例;病灶位置经典部位29例、非经典部位3例,合并鳞癌11例、腺癌13例、小细胞癌5例、未分化癌3例;10例结核病灶与肺癌病灶不同侧、13例结核病灶与肺癌病灶同侧不同叶、9例结核病灶于肺癌病灶同侧同叶。单纯性肺结核组胨旧性肺结核36例、活动性肺结核3例;病灶位置经典部位34例(上叶尖段11例、后段9例、下叶背段14例)、非经典部位5例。肺结核合并肺癌组患者分叶征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征、阻塞性肺炎及肺不张以及棘状突起比例高于单纯肺结核组,而空泡影比例低于单纯肺结核组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组钙化、斑片条索影、结节影以及空洞或空腔比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:多层螺旋CT对肺结核合并肺癌具有较高的临床鉴别诊断价值。     

探讨CT技术在肺结节疾病诊断中的应用

目的：探讨CT技术在肺结节疾病诊断中的应用。利用CT技术提供的影像学特征,及时准确的诊断肺结节疾病,从而更具体更全面的提高对该疾病的认识,减少误诊的发生。方法：回顾性分析我院2010年-2012年确诊的符合相应临床诊治标准的肺结节患者48例的临床资料,通过CT扫描分析其具体的特征表现。结果：在所选的48例中,纵隔淋巴结增大45例,双侧肺门淋巴结增大44例,胸部淋巴结增大患者48例。肺部病变者33例,其中单发结节患者2例,多发结节患者25例,支气管血管束增粗者14例,磨玻璃样影案例者9例,实变案例5例。胸膜病发患者13例。结论：我们通过分析发现,胸部有典型影像学表现形式的肺结节病例诊断较容易,无典型影像学表现的患者诊断较为困难。因此我们认为利用CT技术诊断肺结节疾病具有特异性意义,值得临床医生重视。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺曲菌病一例及文献复习

目的:提高对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并侵袭性肺曲菌病(COPD合并IPA)临床特点、诊断及治疗的认识.方法:回顾性分析2011年4月收治的一例COPD合并IPA患者的临床资料及诊治经过,并复习相关文献.结果:男患,“咳嗽、咳痰30余年,气短3年,加重1月余”入院,肺部CT示双肺多发结节影、空洞影,经抗炎、抗念珠菌治疗无效,CT下肺结节病灶活检病理示肺曲菌.抗曲菌治疗后症状好转、肺部影像明显吸收.结论:COPD合并IPA正逐渐引起重视,临床特征无明显特异性,肺部影像以结节影、空洞影多见,早期常规治疗无效时应积极抗曲菌治疗,可明显改善症状,降低死亡率,病理活检是确诊的依据.     

The value of circulating tumor cells with positive centromere probe 8 in the diagnosis of small pulmonary nodules

Circulating cancer cells (CTCs) can serve as a non-invasive liquid biopsy and provide opportunities for early cancer diagnosis and evaluation. However, the value of CTCs for diagnosis or prognosis of small pulmonary nodules (SPNs) is unclear. Fifty-three patients diagnosed with SPNs with a diameter less than 30 mm by CT examination were enrolled in the study. The CTC numbers, CT examination features, serum tumor marker concentrations, and histopathological characteristics were analyzed. Centromere probe 8 (CEP8) was used as a marker for CTC identification. The CTC numbers were significantly different in patients with malignant and benign SPNs and with early (0/Ⅰa) and advanced (Ⅰb/Ⅱ/Ⅲ) lung cancer stages. ROC analysis showed that the CTC numbers was effective on malignant SNP diagnosis. The combined use of CTCs and the density features of the nodules determined by CT further improved the overall screening, the diagnostic effectiveness for malignant SNPs, and determination of the pTNM (≤Ia vs.>Ia) stage. The CT morphology revealed that large, single, and solid SPNs were associated with significant CTC numbers and the CTC numbers were correlated with malignant histopathology. Using CEP8 as a marker resulted in detection of more CTC numbers in 22 patient samples triple stained for CEP8, EpCAM, and CKs. The CTCs determined by CEP8-positive staining could serve as potential screening and diagnostic markers for malignant SPNs.     

Ultra-High-Resolution Computed Tomography of the Lung: Image Quality of a Prototype Scanner

PurposeThe image noise and image quality of a prototype ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT) scanner was evaluated and compared with those of conventional high-resolution CT (C-HRCT) scanners.ResultsThe image noise for U-HRCT (100.87 ± 0.51 Hounsfield units [HU]) was greater than that for C-HRCT (40.41 ± 0.52 HU; P < .0001). The image quality of U-HRCT was graded as superior to that of C-HRCT (P < .0001) for all of the following parameters that were examined: margins of subsolid and solid nodules, edges of solid components and pulmonary vessels in subsolid nodules, air bronchograms, pleural indentations, margins of pulmonary vessels, edges of bronchi, and interlobar fissures.ConclusionDespite a larger image noise, the prototype U-HRCT scanner had a significantly better image quality than the C-HRCT scanners.