贺兰山岩黄耆及其近缘种的分类学研究

依据植物野外和腊叶标本形态观察以及小叶脉序观察,对贺兰山岩黄耆(豆科)及其近缘种进行了分类学研究。结果表明:贺兰山岩黄耆及其近缘种之间较为稳定的差别体现在花器官的形态方面。贺兰山岩黄耆与短翼岩黄耆的主要区别特征是小苞片长为萼筒的1～2倍,旗瓣与龙骨瓣近等长,而后者的小苞片长为萼筒的0.5～0.8倍,旗瓣长为龙骨瓣的0.8倍。贺兰山岩黄耆与华北岩黄耆和费尔干岩黄耆的主要区别是翼瓣长为龙骨瓣的0.3～0.5倍,而后二者的翼瓣长均为龙骨瓣的0.7～0.8倍。在小叶脉序特征方面,贺兰山岩黄耆与短翼岩黄耆和华北岩黄耆近似,均为小叶一级脉纤细,二级脉不分支,二级脉环外有较多网结三级脉,具少量复合二级间脉或不明显,而费尔干岩黄耆小叶一级脉粗,二级脉多分支,二级脉环外有少量网结三级脉,具明显的简单二级间脉。此外,小叶脉序特征可能在岩黄耆属组间关系的探讨中发挥作用。     

中国黄耆属(豆科)丁字毛类群2新种——额尔齐斯黄耆和沙地黄耆

描述了产于中国新疆的黄耆属（Astragalus）丁字毛类群2新种,即额尔齐斯黄耆（Astragalus eerqisiensis Z.Y.Chang,L. R. Xu ＆ D.Podlech）和沙地黄耆（A.shadiensis L. R. Xu,Z.Y.Chang ＆ D.Podlech）.其中,额尔齐斯黄耆仅见于新疆布尔津县的额尔齐斯河流域,与哈巴河黄耆（A.habaheensis）近缘,区别在于前者小叶菱形、倒卵形或椭圆形,长15～25（30）mm,宽（3）7～12（15）mm,旗瓣长20～22（25）mm,翼瓣顶端2裂;沙地黄耆产于新疆托克逊县东北部,散生于沙地荒漠,形态上与变异黄耆（A. variabilis Bunge ex Maxim.）接近,区别在于小叶5～7（9）枚而非11～19枚,旗瓣在中部收缩,植株全体被灰色毛而呈灰色.2新种均系中国特有种,其中额尔齐斯黄耆隶属于乌拉尔组（A. Sect.Helmia Bunge）,沙地黄耆隶属于旱生组[A. Sect.Craccina（Stev.）Bunge].     

国产6种黄耆属植物的核型研究

报道了国产黄耆属(Astragalus)6种植物的染色体数目和核型。结果表明,这6种黄耆属植物均为二倍体,其核型公式分别为：甘青黄耆(A．tangutlcus),2n=16=6m 8sm 2t,“3A”核型;悬垂黄耆(A．dependens),2n=16=10m 6sm,“2A”核型;四川黄耆(A．sutchuenensis),2n=16=8m 8sm,“2A”核型;萨雷古拉黄耆(A.pavlovlanus),2n=16=12m 4sm,“1A”核型;喜石黄耆(A.petraeus),2n=16=14m 2sm,“1A”核型;拟糙叶黄耆(A.pseudoscaberrimus),2n=16=14m 2sm,“1A”核型。这6种黄耆属植物的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道。     

豆科山羊豆族2属5种植物的核型分析

报道了产于中国西北地区豆科山羊豆族2属5种植物的核型.结果表明,这5种豆科植物均为二倍体,其核型公式分别为:单叶黄耆(Astragalus efoliolatus),2n=16=12m 4sm,2A"核型;鸡峰山黄耆(A.kifonsanicus),2n=16=12m 4sm,2A"核型;太原黄耆(A.taiyuanensis),2n=16=8m 6sm 2t(2SAT),2B"核型;变异黄耆(A.variabilis),2n=16=14sm 2t(2SAT),3A"核型;贺兰山岩黄耆(Hedysarum petrovii),2n=16=12m 4sm(2SAT),2A"核型.除变异黄芪外,其余各种的染色体数目及核型均为首次报道.     

中国岩黄耆属(豆科)种皮纹饰及其系统学意义

利用扫描电镜观察了国产岩黄耆属（Hedysarum L.）18个种（含3个居群）的种皮纹饰。结果表明：岩黄耆属种皮纹饰性状在种的划分上具有重要的分类学意义。依据种皮纹饰特性,大致分为光滑型和粗糙型2大类型以及断棱状、嚼烂状、龟纹状、网纹状与细网状5个亚型。依据其划分的类型及亚型,种皮纹饰呈现出从断棱状、细网状到光滑状的演化趋势,从而阐明了种皮纹饰在岩黄耆属系统演化上的重要意义。     

中国岩黄耆属(豆科)种皮纹饰及其系统学意义

利用扫描电镜观察了国产岩黄耆属(Hedysarum L.)18个种(含3个居群)的种皮纹饰。结果表明: 岩黄耆属种皮纹饰性状在种的划分上具有重要的分类学意义。依据种皮纹饰特性, 大致分为光滑型和粗糙型2大类型以及断棱状、嚼烂状、龟纹状、网纹状与细网状5个亚型。依据其划分的类型及亚型, 种皮纹饰呈现出从断棱状、细网状到光滑状的演化趋势, 从而阐明了种皮纹饰在岩黄耆属系统演化上的重要意义。     

中国黄耆属一新分类群

昭陵黄耆 (新种) 图 1 Astragalus (subgen. Cercidothrix sect. Traehyeeris) zhaolingicus K. T. Fu, sp. nov. Species A. galactiti Pall. affinis, sed plantis humilioribus; foliolis paucioribus (11-15) parvioribusque, 3-5.5 mm longis, 1-1.5 mm latis; breviter inflorescentiis 3-7-floris; bracteis margine nonnisi     

中国西北地区11种黄耆属植物的细胞学研究

对分布于中国西北地区的11种黄耆属植物进行了细胞学研究,其中9种作了核型分析。结果表明,杯萼黄耆（Astragalus cupulicalycinus）为六倍体（2n=48）,酒泉黄耆（A.jiuquanensis）具有2种细胞型：2n=32的四倍体和2n=48的六倍体,其余种类均为二倍体（2n=16)。9个种的核型公式分别为：木黄耆（A.arbuscula）,2n=16=14 2sm,“1A”核型;胀萼黄耆（A.ellipsoideus）,2n=16=10m 6sm,“2A”核型;粗毛黄耆（A.scabrisetus),2n=16=14m 2sm,“1A”核型;秦岭黄耆（A.henryi),2n=16=8m 8sm(2SAT),“2A”核型;哈巴河黄耆（A.habaheensis）,2n=16=10m 6sm(2SAT),“2A”核型;变异黄耆（A.variabilis）,2n=16=4m 10sm(2SAT) 2t,“2A”核型;喜沙黄耆（A.ammodytes),2n=16=6m 10sm(2SAT),“2A”核型;密花黄耆（A.densiflorus),2n=16=6m(2SAT) 10sm,“2A”核型;茧荚黄耆（A.lehmannianus),2n=16=14m(2SAT) 2st,“2A”核型。所有研究种中,仅变异黄耆的染色体数目有过报道,其余种的染色体数目及核型均为首次报道。     

中国-喜马拉雅三种黄耆属植物与其传粉熊蜂的空间分布预测

依赖于动物传粉获得繁殖成功的植物的分布与其传粉动物的地理分布有着密切联系。预测未来气候变化对植物及其传粉动物地理分布的影响对生物多样性保护具有重要意义。本文通过对中国-喜马拉雅3种黄耆属(Astragalus)植物, 即弯齿黄耆(A. camptodontus)、黑毛黄耆(A. pullus)和笔直黄耆(A. strictus), 及其传粉熊蜂(Bombus)的野外调查, 以及收集来源于数据库的黄耆和熊蜂的543个物种分布点和13个环境因子数据, 结合物种可能出现的完全扩散、不扩散和仅熊蜂扩散3种迁移模式, 利用MaxEnt模型模拟了3种黄耆属植物与2种传粉熊蜂即橘尾熊蜂(Bombus friseanus)和红束熊蜂(B. rufofasciatus)在历史阶段(1970-2000年)和2100年两种温室气体浓度情景(ssp245和ssp585)下的适宜分布区变化。结果表明: 3种黄耆属植物均主要依赖于熊蜂传粉, 黄耆与其传粉熊蜂的主要适宜分布区为中国-喜马拉雅地区, 到2100年它们的分布区呈现向西北方向扩张的趋势, 而在东南部的分布区减少。当模型中考虑与传粉熊蜂的互作后, 3种黄耆属植物的潜在地理分布范围减少了15.83%-83.98%。在温室气体中低浓度情景(ssp245)下, 3种黄耆属植物与其传粉熊蜂的空间匹配增加, 而在高浓度情景(ssp585)下弯齿黄耆、黑毛黄耆与橘尾熊蜂的空间匹配降低; 如果物种不扩散或仅熊蜂扩散, 笔直黄耆与红束熊蜂的空间匹配降低。气候变化和物种的扩散能力可能引起黄耆与其传粉熊蜂出现空间不匹配。同时, 模型预测显示影响黄耆和熊蜂分布的环境因子不同, 但海拔是最主要的环境因子。由于与传粉者的相互作用对许多植物物种的生命周期具有重要意义, 因而本研究可以更好地理解气候变化对植物与其传粉者空间分布的潜在影响, 特别是对那些地理范围受限制的植物。     

岩黄耆属系统分类研究进展

回顾了自Fedtschenko以来在岩黄耆属分类、区系地理和系统发育方面所取得的成就,根据目前的研究现状,提出了岩黄耆属今后研究的重点和方向。     

Species ofAnthostomella from Brunei, includingA. oblongata sp. nov.

Species ofAnthostomella reported from Brunei have been re-examined and the data is summarized in this paper. Five species are accepted, four are synonyms of previously described species and one is a new species. The new speciesAnthostomella oblongata is described and illustrated and a list ofAnthostomella species known from Brunei and a key to these species are provided.     

Species 29. Cisticola Carruthersi. Pl. XIV. fig. 59. Cisticola carruthersi O.-Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xxiii. 1909, p. 94: typ. loc. Mokia, L. George, Uganda.

The B. O. C. Ruwenzori expedition of 1906 brought home a single immature female of this species, obtained in a papyrus swamp near Lake George, and to Ogilvie-Grant's discrimination we owe the recognition of its specific distinction from galactotes , the species it so closely resembles in coloration, and which is certainly carruthersi s nearest ally.     

Necines of alkaloids in Heliotropium species from Mexico and the U.S.A.

The qualitative and quantitative compositions of necines in plants of 20 Heliotropium species collected in Mexico and the U.S.A. and one species from Spain are reported. Trachelanthamidine, supinidine and retronecine were found in all species after hydrolysis of their alkaloids; lindelofidine was detected in most species, whereas heliotridine only in four. Trachelanthamidine, lindelofidine, and supinidine were dominant in four, two and one species, respectively; retronecine was dominant in 15 species, whereas heliotridine only in one. The dominant necine in H. ternatum was either retronecine or lindelofidine depending on the collection locality. Qualitative as well as quantitative differences depending on the collection locality were found in H. curassavicum. Plants from Oaxaca, Mexico, contained lindelofidine and a pyrrolizidine-diol as major necines, trachelanthamidine as minor, and traces of retronecine. Plants originating from two other localities contained trachelanthamidine (dominant), retronecine, and supinidine. The necine patterns found in the examined species differ significantly from those previously reported for 21 species mainly collected in Asia, the Middle East and Australia.     

云南蚤类区系及分布特征

【目的】在收集汇总以往野外调查资料以及已经发表的历史文献资料基础上,归纳云南蚤类的分布特点,分析云南地理小区对蚤类的影响。【方法】在实地采集和补充文献记录基础上,对收集到的蚤类进行系统分类整理;运用SPSS13.0的主成分分析及系统聚类对数据进行处理。【结果】本研究共记录云南蚤类9科45属144种,其中古北种15种,东洋种 108种,东洋、古北两界兼有种15种,广布种6种。144种蚤中,属于云南特有蚤类有75种;横断山中部小区记载蚤类122种,横断山南部小区26种,滇东高原小区41种,滇西高原小区28种,滇南山地小区25种。主成分分析和聚类分析结果基本一致,均可聚为两类：一类为横断山南部小区、滇南山地小区、滇西高原小区及滇东高原小区; 另一类为横断山中部小区。【结论】云南省蚤类分布明显受到地理小区环境的影响。云南省蚤类昆虫种类繁多,蚤类的自然分布受到云南省特定地形地貌影响。     

中国弯颈霉新种及产环孢菌素的研究

对云南省迪庆藏族自治州产的冬虫夏草 Cordyceps sinensis(Berk.)Sacc.进行分离获一纯种,经培养鉴定确为弯颈霉属 Tolypocladium w.Gams 一新种,命名为中国弯颈霉 To-lypocladium sinense c.L.Li sp.nov.。它在几种琼脂培养基上生长形成瓶梗及瓶梗孢于,瓶梗基部呈球形或椭圆形膨大,瓶颈细长而弯曲,瓶梗孢子球形至卵形。其形态特征及生活习性与弯颈霉属其它种类显然不同,故定为一新种。它在蛋白胨葡萄糖培养液中,温度26℃,pH5.2,摇瓶振荡培养12天。发酵液用乙酸乙酯萃取,减压蒸馏,从每升发酵液中获50—80mg 环孢菌素粗品。对几种半知真菌显示了明显的拮抗作用。     

Maytenus eritreana sp. nov. and M. addat (Loes.) comb. nov. (Celastraceae) from northern Ethiopia

The new species Maytenus eritreana Sebsebe is described from northern Ethiopia. The new combination M. addat (Loes.) Sebsebe is made; this species occurs in the central and southern highlands of Ethiopia. The distribution of the two species is mapped.     

伊贝母葡萄孢盘(新种)的分类学研究

在陕西省太白县采集到伊贝母(Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk.)的菌核病致病真菌,伊贝母葡萄孢盘 Botryotinia fritillarii-pallidiflori Q.T.Chen et J.L.Li sp.nov.新种。并报道了其形态特征及其与椭圆葡萄孢 [Botrytis elliptica(Berk.)Cooke]和驴蹄草葡萄孢盘(Botryotinia calthae Hennebert et Elliott)的区别。     

Studies in African Cyperaceae 35. Kyllinga carinalaevis sp. nov. from west tropical Africa

A minute new species of Kyllinga, i.e. K. carinalaevis Lye & Mesterházy, from Benin in west tropical Africa is described. It is one of three or four annual species of the genus, and the characters separating it from two other annual species are given. The species is ephemeral and occurs in a vegetation type which belongs to a Nanocyperion association. The species is probably critically endangered as it was found in a single locality out of the numerous sites that have been investigated in Benin in recent years.     

Korotnevella hemistylolepis n. sp. and Korotnevella monacantholepis n. sp. (Paramoebidae), two new scale-covered mesohaline amoebae

Two new species of Korotnevella Goodkov, 1988, Korotnevella hemistylolepis n. sp. and Korotnevella monacantholepis n. sp., are described from mesohaline ecosystems. The amoebae are characterized on the basis of light and electron microscopy with special emphasis on the structure of the basket scales, which have species-specific architecture. The two new species are the second and third ones recovered from environments other than freshwater. In terms of scale morphology they most closely resemble a freshwater species, Korotnevella bulla (Schaeffer, 1926) Goodkov, 1988. Two genus names, Dactylamoeba Korotnev, 1880 and Korotnevella Goodkov, 1988, are in current use. The latter name is preferred, pending rediscovery and characterization of Dactylamoeba elongata Korotnev, 1880, the type species of the genus. Korotnevella species can be divided into three groups on the basis of scale morphology, suggesting that the genus may not be monophyletic. A key to species is provided.