固氮作用

<正>胞外多糖被认为对于检测根瘤菌与豆科植物的共生关系的专一性是主要的。快生型大豆根瘤菌USDA 191培养在含0,1%谷氨酸和0.4%甘露醇的培养基中,外多糖在用乙醇提取后制备,脂多糖在用苯酸提取后制备。USDA 191的外多糖含有大量的甘露糖 (22.5%)和糖醛酸(13.4%)。而这些糖在正常生长的如首蓓根瘤菌102F28这类快     

根瘤菌可溶性蛋白和酯酶的电泳图谱分析

我们分析行了二十株根瘤菌可溶性蛋白和酯酶的电泳图谱。菌株中14株分离自野大豆的快生型大豆根瘤菌和3株慢生型大豆根瘤菌;另外3株根瘤菌分别分离于苜蓿、豌豆和三叶草。根据它们电泳谱带的Rf值,计算了各根瘤菌可溶性蛋白图谱间的相似性系数。快生型大豆根瘤菌的电泳图谱均不同于慢生型大豆根瘤菌和其他根瘤菌。鉴于各菌株有其独特图谱,以此作为根瘤菌分类和鉴定的依据,是较可靠的方法。     

紫色非硫光合细菌与大豆根瘤菌固氮作用的协同效应

从东北地区水稻及大豆根际分离出的两株紫色非硫光合细菌(球形红假单胞菌菌株N8611和胶质红假单胞菌菌株N84),分别与快生型大豆根瘤菌QB113以及慢生型大豆根瘤菌B16—11C共同培养时,其固氮比活与它们的纯培养菌相比有显著提高,说明这两类菌的固氮活性具有协同效应。两株光合细菌及其胞外组分,以及光合细菌与大豆根瘤菌共同培养时分离出的胞外组分,能显著加强由上述根瘤菌所形成根瘤的固氮活性。可以初步肯定,上述协同效应的原因之一是光合细菌胞外组分的刺激作用。     

三叶草素基因（tfx）在快生型大豆根瘤菌（Sinorhizobium fredii）H12— …

将含有三叶草素基因的重组质粒ｐＴ２ＴＦＸＫ和ｐＴ２１Ｘ３Ｋ以接合转移的方式导入快生型大豆根瘤菌Ｈ１２－２,转移接合子Ｈ１２－２（ｐＸＫ）能产生三叶草素并具有抑菌活性;Ｈ１２－２（ｐ３Ｋ）表现出对三叶草素的抗性。抑菌谱试验结果表明：８２％的供试快生型大豆根瘤菌株对三叶草素敏感;所有供试慢生型大豆根瘤菌则表现抗性。稳定性检测结果表明,在共生与人工培养条件下,导入的ｐＸＫ和ｐ３Ｋ质粒均可在宿主菌中稳定存     

导入三叶草素基因（tfx）的快生型大豆根瘤菌竞争结瘤能力的研究

以导入三叶草素基因（tfx）的快生型大豆根瘤菌H12－2（pXK）和H12－2（p3K）为供试菌株,以出发菌H12－2和8株对三叶草素敏感的快生型大豆根瘤菌混合群体为对照菌,分别在盆栽条件下进行竞争结瘤试验。结果表明,产素菌H12－2（pXK）在两个大豆品种上的占瘤率均高于不产素的重组菌H12－2（p3K）。以H12－2为对照菌时,H12－2（pXK）占瘤率比H12－2（p3K）高出22％～26％;以8株快生型大豆根瘤菌混合群体为对照菌时,可提高30％～34％。     

三叶草素基因(tfx)在快生型大豆根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium fredii)H12-2中的表达与稳定性测定

将含有三叶草条基因的重组质粒pT2TFXK和pT2TX3K以接合转移的方式导入快生型大豆根瘤菌H12－2。转移接合子H12－2（pXK）能产三叶草素并具有抑菌活性;H12－2（P3K）表现出对三叶草素的抗性。抑菌谱试验结果表明：82％的供试快生型大豆根瘤菌菌株对三叶草素敏感;所有供试慢生型大豆根瘤菌则表现抗性。稳定性检测结果表明：在共生与人工培养条件下,导入的pXK和p3K质粒均可在宿主菌中稳定存在和表达。     

根瘤菌数值分类

对56株根瘤菌及3株土壤杆菌进行了200个形态、生理、生化及生物学性状测定,根据Ssm相似性系数及最短距离聚类公式,用电子计算机进行数值分类。试验结果,将快生型根瘤菌、慢生型根瘤穗和土壤杆菌在届的水平上分开,豌豆根瘤菌、三叶草根瘤菌和菜豆根瘤菌三者的相似性很高,合并为一个种。以上结果与《伯杰系统细菌学手册》第一卷中Jordan的根瘤菌科分类系统相一致。此外,紫云英根瘤菌自成一群,包括在根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)中。柱花草根瘤菌独立成群,包括在慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)中。     

刺槐根瘤菌的研究Ⅲ刺槐根瘤菌的血清学特性

对从辽西分离的7株刺槐根瘤菌进行了血清学特性的研究。根据免疫扩散试验的结果,7株刺槐根瘤菌可分四个血清型。菌株339、355为第一血清型,菌株359、347为第二血清型,菌株325为第三血清型,菌株329、344为第四血清型。第二血清型菌株的抗血清与花生根瘤B_(27)能形成一条沉淀带,与豇豆根瘤菌NC_(92),与快生型大豆根瘤菌113都能形成一条沉淀带。第四血清型菌株的抗血清能与豇豆根瘤菌NC_(92)快生型大豆根瘤菌113形成一条沉淀带。     

固氮作用

<正>测定了6株从花生.根瘤分离的菌株和另外的可以在花上上结瘤但是从共池寄主植物上分离的3株根瘤菌所产生的胞外多糖的成分。这些菌株二中的3株,在大豆(Glycinemax)上结瘤了并且结合特异性的半乳糖大豆外源凝集素。伍大豆上结瘤的根瘤菌,产生的胞外多     

豇豆根瘤菌NGR234和紫云英根瘤菌109感染紫云英的比较研究

利用光学和电子显微镜对紫云英根瘤菌菌株109和广宿主的快生型根瘤菌菌株NGR234感染温带型豆科植物紫云英进行了研究,结果表明根瘤菌感染紫云英是通过在根毛中形成侵染线的途径。电子显微镜研究揭示了固氮根瘤中细胞内侵染线的存在。接种二天后,首先可观察到根毛的卷曲或分枝。接种四至五天后,在每株植物卷曲的根毛中可看到侵染线。接种八至十天后的植株出现肉眼可见的根瘤。菌株NGR234能够在紫云英上诱导根毛的卷曲,侵染线和根瘤的形成,但所形成的根瘤却未能固氮,根瘤中无明显的类菌体区,但有少数包有细菌的侵染线。NGR234抗抗菌素的衍生菌均未能使紫云英结瘤。将NGR234的共生质粒转移至三叶草、苜蓿、豌豆、快生型大豆根瘤菌和农杆菌,亦未能使这些细菌获得紫云英上结瘤的能力。     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparison of in vitro decomposition of bryophytic and tracheophytic plant material

The fossil record of bryophytes is generally poor and infertile plants attributable to liverworts and mosses could also be thalloid vascular plant gametophytes or herbaceous lycophytes respectively. The paucity of the bryophytic record could be the result of relatively rapid degradation of bryophytic material in comparison to that of vascular plants, the absence of lignified cells in bryophytes sustaining this belief. However, certain organs of bryophytes are as robust as those of vascular plants (e.g. spores) and the hydroxybenzofuran polymers produced by some mosses could be of similar preservational resistance to lignins. A simplistic experiment to test the relative resistance to decay of bryophytic material has been undertaken. Its findings suggest that bryophytic plant material has a similar preservational potential to that of a selected vascular plant, particularly in organic rich sediments. This result may be construed to imply that bryophytes were indeed less abundant in the preservational environments of the Coal Measures than might be expected on the basis of current palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.     

Epidemiological,Clinical and Serological Characteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan: A Single-centered,Retrospective Study

In December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in the samples obtained from three adult patients who suffered from an unknown viral pneumonia in Wuhan (Li et al. 2020). This unknown viral pneumonia is further named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization. To date, the number of new COVID-19 cases has continued to skyrocket and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on humans is far greater than any pathogen of this century in both breadth and depth. Previous studies have shown that adults with COVID-19 have symptoms of fever, dry cough, dyspnea, fatigue and lymphocytopenia. Moreover, COVID-19 is more likely to cause death in the elderly, especially those with chronic comorbidities (Huang et al. 2020). In Wuhan, more than 50, 000 COVID-19 cases have been confirmed, including over 780 pediatric patients, and only one child death case (Lu et al. 2020). Although the number of children cases was far fewer than that of adults, COVID-19 might endanger children's health and the information on children remains limited, especially in serological study. In the retrospective study, the investigators analyzed the epidemiological, clinical and serological characteristics of children with COVID-19 in Wuhan in the early stages of the outbreak, which might provide theoretical and practical help in controlling COVID-19 and similar emerging infectious diseases in the future.