不同浓度茉莉酸甲酯对悬浮培养的胀果甘草细胞合成甘草总黄酮的影响

研究了不同浓度的茉莉酸甲酯对胀果甘草悬浮培养细胞的生长和黄酮合成的影响,初步探讨了其影响甘草黄酮合成的机制.研究结果表明,一定浓度(10-200lanol/L)的茉莉酸甲酯对胀果甘草细胞的生长有抑制作用,但是能够促进甘草总黄酮产量的增加.此外,茉莉酸甲酯的添加导致细胞中过氧化氢含量升高,引起细胞中苯丙氨酸裂解酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶活性的增强和丙二醛含量升高,说明茉莉酸甲酯能够引起细胞产生防御反应,并提高防御反应的关键酶的活性,同时细胞膜在一定程度上仍发生过氧化,但最终促进了甘草总黄酮的合成,其最大产量达到对照的3.39倍.     

茉莉酸甲酯对中国红豆杉胚性细胞紫杉醇生物合成的影响

紫杉醇(taxol)是一种复杂的二萜类生物碱,最初是从红豆杉类(Taxus)植物的树皮中分离出来的。紫杉醇作为具有广谱抗肿瘤活性的药物而得到广泛的临床应用,成为当今世界上有效的抗癌药物之一,但其天然资源十分稀少,解决其药源问题就显得非常重要。目前,普遍认为采用红豆杉细胞悬浮培养生产紫杉醇是很有希望的途径之一。而提高红豆杉细胞生长速率以及细胞中紫杉醇的含量是实现细胞悬浮培养生产紫杉醇的两个关键因素,笔者研究了茉莉酸甲酯(methyl-jasmonate,简称MJ)在红豆杉细胞培养中的代谢调节作用。茉莉酸甲酯是茉莉属(Jasminum)中的素馨花…     

茉莉酸甲酯处理雷公藤悬浮细胞的基因差异表达分析

以不同浓度茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)为诱导子对雷公藤悬浮细胞进行处理,采用cDNA-AFLP技术对差异表达基因进行研究。结果表明,茉莉酸甲酯在50～400μmol/L浓度范围内对雷公藤悬浮细胞总碱的积累呈抑制作用。茉莉酸甲酯处理后,分析筛选出了19个雷公藤悬浮细胞内差异表达的基因。通过与NCBI蛋白质数据库比对,7个片段的功能得以预测,涉及植物细胞的信号转导、转录调控和能量代谢等。这些结果对今后利用生物技术手段提高雷公藤生物碱含量奠定了一定基础。     

NO和茉莉酸甲酯对黄芩悬浮细胞生长及黄芩苷合成的影响

以硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside, SNP)为一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)的供体, 向黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis)悬浮培养细胞系中添加SNP和茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate, MJ), 考察这两种诱导子在不同的添加时间、添加浓度及混合配比使用对黄芩悬浮细胞系生长和黄芩苷含量的影响。研究结果表明：低浓度的外源NO有利于细胞的生长, 但对黄芩苷积累无作用, 而MJ有利于黄芩苷的合成, 但抑制细胞生长,且两者的适用浓度范围和添加时间存在差异。在细胞培养初期(0天)添加0.05 mmol.L-1 SNP, 而在细胞生长对数中期(8天)添加10 μmol.L-1的MJ, 细胞鲜重可达到对照的1.2倍, 黄芩苷总量达到对照的2.96倍。     

茉莉酸甲酯对茶条槭悬浮细胞没食子酸合成的影响

为了研究茶条槭悬浮细胞中没食子酸的合成,该研究进行了茉莉酸甲酯诱导试验。通过添加茉莉酸甲酯,利用HPLC检测诱导后细胞中没食子酸的含量变化情况,同时利用电导仪、酸度计、分光光度计法和激光共聚焦显微镜对培养液和细胞进行电导率、pH值、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性以及细胞形态等进行分析。结果表明:(1)相对于正常培养的细胞,添加100μmol·L~(-1)的茉莉酸甲酯诱导24 h时,没食子酸的含量达到最高为12.49 mg·g~(-1),其含量是对照的2倍左右。(2)茉莉酸甲酯的添加导致细胞培养液的pH值和电导率成波动趋势,细胞膜受损,通透性增大,细胞核分散,出现多个细胞核现象。(3)细胞内可溶性蛋白含量在诱导24 h、72 h和5 d时达到高峰,其含量分别是对照的1.4、1.67、2.07倍左右。(4)苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性在诱导24 h和5 d时分别出现一次高峰,其活性分别是对照的2倍和3.75倍。研究认为,茉莉酸甲酯处理短时间内促进了茶条槭细胞内没食子酸含量的积累,细胞内PAL活性和可溶性蛋白含量有所增加,对细胞液中的pH值和电导率影响不显著。     

NO和茉莉酸甲酯对黄芩悬浮细胞生长及黄芩苷合成的影响

以硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside,SNP)为一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)的供体,向黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis)悬浮培养细胞系中添加SNP和茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MJ),考察这两种诱导子在不同的添加时间、添加浓度及混合配比使用对黄芩悬浮细胞系生长和黄芩苷含量的影响。研究结果表明：低浓度的外源NO有利于细胞的生长,但对黄芩苷积累无作用,而MJ有利于黄芩苷的合成,但抑制细胞生长,且两者的适用浓度范围和添加时间存在差异。在细胞培养初期(0天)添加0.05 mmol·L~(-1)SNP,而在细胞生长对数中期(8天)添加10μmol·L~(-1)的MJ,细胞鲜重可达到对照的1.2倍,黄芩苷总量达到对照的2.96倍。     

茉莉酮酸甲酯对水稻化感物质的诱导效应

在室内和田间条件下 ,外源茉莉酮酸甲酯均能显著地诱导水稻化感物质的合成 ,而且这种诱导效应与施用茉莉酮酸甲酯的浓度和诱导时间显著相关。 0 .4 m mol/L浓度和处理后 4 8h,茉莉酮酸甲酯对水稻化感物质的诱导效应最强。同样 ,不同的水稻品种对茉莉酮酸甲酯的诱导响应也有显著差异。水稻化感品种 PI312 777和丰华占在茉莉酮酸甲酯的诱导下能很快合成大量的化感物质 ,而水稻非化感品种华粳籼的化感物质的含量虽也有所增加 ,但达不到能显示化感作用的浓度。进一步实验证明 :茉莉酮酸甲酯在处理 4 8h后虽能诱导水稻品种合成大量的化感物质 ,但这一诱导效应并不能长期维持。研究揭示 :水稻化感物质的合成可在外部因子的作用下动态变化 ,这对揭示和充分利用水稻的化感作用机制有重要意义。     

茉莉酸甲酯对水稻幼苗生长的影响

２．５×１０＾－７ｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１茉莉酸甲酯促进水稻幼苗生长,而高于２．５×１０＾－５ｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１则抑制。不同水稻品种对茉莉酸甲酯的反应不同。     

茉莉酸甲酯对水稻幼苗生长的影响(简报)

2．5×10－7mol·L-1茉莉酸甲酯促进水稻幼苗生长,而高于2．5×10-5mol·L－1则抑制。不同水稻品种对茉莉酸甲酯的反应不同。     

茉莉酸甲酯对菊花抗蚜性的影响

本研究以杭白菊为试验材料,分析茉莉酸甲酯对菊花抗蚜性的影响。供试幼苗叶面喷施不同浓度(0.01、0.05、0.1、0.5、1 mmol·L^-1)茉莉酸甲酯后接种菊姬长管蚜,测定外源茉莉酸甲酯对蚜虫胁迫下菊花叶片的保护酶、防御酶活性、渗透性物质、次生代谢物和茉莉酸途径关键酶基因表达的影响,探究菊花抗蚜性与茉莉酸信号途径的关系。结果表明: 0.01、0.05、0.1、0.5、1 mmol·L^-1浓度的茉莉酸甲酯均显著提高了杭白菊叶片的保护酶、防御酶活性及次生代谢物含量,降低了丙二醛和可溶性糖含量,外源茉莉酸甲酯处理诱导杭白菊CmAOS和CmCOI1的表达,并使内源茉莉酸含量显著增加,杭白菊的抗蚜性增强。     

新型埃博霉素衍生物对血管新生抑制作用的研究

研究新合成的新型埃博霉素单甲基衍生物对血管新生的影响,以期阐明埃博霉素在肿瘤细胞和血管新生中的效应及其所作用的重要途径,为药物新靶点的开发提供理论依据.首先,以人脐静脉内皮细胞为研究对象,利用MTT法检测细胞增殖,Transwell法检测细胞迁移和侵润,明胶酶谱分析金属基质蛋白酶MMP2的活性,RT PCR检测MMP2 RNA表达水平|然后以鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜为模型,研究该衍生物对血管新生的影响.结果表明:1）新型埃博霉素单甲基衍生物可以显著抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞HUVEC的增殖、迁移和侵润以及Ⅳ型胶原酶分泌; 2）新型埃博霉素单甲基衍生物可以使鸡胚尿囊膜产生明显的无血管区,对血管新生产生明显的抑制作用. 结果说明,新型埃博霉素单甲基衍生物可以通过抑制血管内皮细胞的增殖、迁移、侵润以及Ⅳ型胶原酶分泌等显著抑制诱导血管新生过程的步骤,最终抑制血管新生.     

A Mixture of Methyl Green and Pyronin for Cell Fractionation Studies

A staining mixture consisting of 0.57% methyl green and 0.1 1 % pyronin B (calculated from the actual dye content) dis- solved in glycerol, 20 ml.; 2% aqueous phenol, 100 ml.; and 95% ethanol, 25 ml., was found to be optimum for differentiating cell components containing desoxypentose and pentose nucleic acids. The stain can be used for either fresh suspensions or unfixed dried smears of tissue homogenates. Nuclei are stained bright blue, and nucleoli and cytoplasmic particles, bright pink.     

The Effect of Methyl Glyoxal on Growth and Cell Division of Chlamydomonas reinhardii

Methyl glyoxal, at concentrations of 1.0–2.0 mM, inhibits growth of the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardii. The photosynthetic assimilation of carbon dioxide is also inhibited by the glyoxal. At the lower concentrations (less than 1.0–1.5 mM) protein synthesis Is inhibited, whereas polysaccharide synthesis and assimilation of carbon dioxide into the alcohol–soluble fraction is stimulated; at higher concentrations fl.5–2.5 mM) these latter two processes are also inhibited. Cell division in synchonized cultures of the alga is more sensitive to methyl glyoxal when it is added at the start of the growth cycle than when added late in the growth cycle. However, when added late in the growth cycle, methyl glyoxal delays the onset of cell division by 2 hours. No such delay occurs when cycloheximide is added 4–6 hours before division.     

Effects of Methyl Jasmonate on Shikonin and Dihydroechinofuran Production in Lithospermum Cell Cultures

Methyl jasmonate, when administered to Lithospermum erythrorhizoncell suspension cultures, was found to induce the productionof shikonin derivatives (the red naph-thoquinone pigments ofthe root) and dihydroechinofuran (an abnormal metabolite ofgeranylhydroquinone). Culture experiments showed that methyljasmonate caused a rapid increase in the activities of enzymesinvolved in the biosynthesis of shikonin such as p-hydroxybenzoategeran-yltransferase, which was followed by the rapid accumulationof dihydroechinofuran and the delayed production of shikonin.The induction patterns observed were similar to those elicitedby oligogalacturonides in Lithospermum cells, suggesting thatjasmonic acid or its derivative may act as a signaling moleculein the elicitation of shikonin biosynthesis. Interestingly,however, the copper ion, which is essential for inducing shikoninbiosynthesis by oligogalacturonides, was not required for shikonininduction by methyl jasmonate ¹Present address: Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Biology,Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa,Kyoto, 606-01 Japan     

An Efficient Synthesis of Methyl Jasmonate and Methyl Dihydrojasmonate

A simple and an efficient synthesis of methyl jasmonate (1) and methyl dihydrojasmonate (5) is described. Starting from alkyl acetoacetate or acetonedicarboxylate, 1 and 5 were obtained in only a few steps via intramolecular Michael addition.     

Altered Patterns of Protein Phosphorylation and Synthesis Caused by Methyl Mercury in Cerebellar Granule Cell Culture

In the preceding report we demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in 32P-phosphoprotein labeling after 24-h exposure of cultured cerebellar granule neurons to methyl mercury (MeHg), a response that was not observed in glial cultures. In the present study we have examined 32P-labeled phosphoproteins by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. At concentrations of 0.5 and 1 microM, which were not extensively cytotoxic, MeHg enhanced phosphorylation of numerous acidic proteins, particularly a cluster of proteins with Mr approximately 28,000 and pI approximately 5.7-5.9 (pp 28/5.7-5.9) and a protein with Mr approximately 58,000 and pI approximately 5.6. The pp28 cluster displayed considerable two-dimensional pattern variability from one experiment to the next, suggesting susceptibility to subtle structural modifications. Time course studies revealed that increased 32P phospholabeling of pp28/5.7-5.9 was detectable after 12-h exposure to 3 microM MeHg and reached values of 300-500% of control by 24 h. These studies also showed that among the 21 proteins analyzed by two-dimensional densitometry, 32P phospholabeling of four proteins increased by 20-50% and of two proteins decreased by 20-50% after 24-h treatment. However, exposure to 10 microM MeHg produced stimulation of pp28/5.7-5.9 32P phospholabeling within 2 h. Under these conditions a relatively high stimulation (sevenfold) of pp28/5.7 phospholabeling occurred, while pp28/5.9 32P phospholabeling was only moderately (5-20%) enhanced. 35S and 32P double-label analysis of cells treated with 0, 0.5, and 1 microM MeHg indicated specific stimulation of 32P phospholabeling of these proteins without increased polypeptide synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

茉莉酸甲酯诱导下红豆杉细胞产生紫杉烷类物质群代谢轮廓分析

红豆杉细胞培养物经甲醇提取和固相萃取粗分离,进行反相高效液相色谱分析,获得了约含13个与紫杉醇极性相关的化合物色谱图,通过质谱联用和对照品参照,归属了这些化合物组成。进一步利用茉莉酸甲酯（MJ）诱导细胞,比较这些组分在诱导前后的相对色谱峰面积变化,结果表明,所有紫杉烷组分的浓度在诱导后都提高,其中以taxchinin M及其结构类似物提高最显著,紫杉醇,B-Ⅲ和B-Ⅵ等比C14位取代的taxuyunnanine C及其衍生物的浓度增加幅度要大,提示MJ对紫杉醇合成中非有效乙酰化旁路代谢有促进作用,而对C14位取代物生成的旁路促进作用不明显。本文为紫杉醇的生物合成研究提供了新的思路和方法。     

Methyl Linoleate Dimer and Methyl 8-Phenyloctanoate in the Copper-catalyzed Decomposition Products of Methyl Linoleate Hydroperoxides

Cochliophilin A (5-hydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone, 1), known as a host-specific attractant towards the zoospores of Aphanomyces cochlioides, a cause of root rot and damping-off diseases of Chenopodiaceae, was found in the Amaranthaceae plant, Celosia cristata, that is susceptible to the pathogen. The content of 1 in Celosia seedlings was quantified as 1.4 μg/g fresh weight. A new isoflavone, cristatein (5-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,2′-dimethoxyisoflavone, 2), and five known flavonoids were also identified.     

Acid Hydrolysis of Methyl 2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosides and Methyl d-Glucuronides

In connection with the behavior on hydrolysis of mucopolysaccharides, acid hydrolysis of methyl d-glucopyranosides, methyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosides (hydrochlorides as well as N-substituted derivatives), and methyl d-glucuronides was carried out. The difference in hydrolysis rate of methyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosides was ascribable to that of the substituents on the amino group, whereas hydrolysis rate of methyl d-glucuronides was dependent on their ring structures. The possible behaviors in acid hydrolysis of glycosidic linkages in mucopolysaccharides are discussed.