表达HCV包膜蛋白的两种重组腺相关病毒疫苗的制备及免疫原性分析

重组腺相关病毒载体(rAAV)可在动物体内高水平地持久表达外源基因,本研究采用两种rAAV载体(rAAV1与rAAV2)构建了表达丙型肝炎病毒中国分离株包膜糖蛋白(E1E2)的载体疫苗并以之免疫小鼠,分别采用免疫荧光证实其表达与总抗体,用HCV假病毒系统检测其中和抗体水平,用ELISpot分析其细胞免疫应答,结果表明:rAAV1-E1E2重组载体疫苗单针免疫激发的体液应答明显高于rAAV2-E1E2,rAAV1-E1E2单针注射后3个月可在肌肉组织中检出E2蛋白表达及特异性T细胞应答。上述结果提示HCV重组腺相关病毒载体疫苗单针免疫可引起明显持久的体液与细胞免疫应答。     

1型和2型外壳蛋白构建的AAV载体携带HIV-1 gag诱导免疫反应的比较研究

比较两种血清型的腺病毒伴随病毒(Adeno-associated virus,AAV)载体携带HIV-1gag基因肌肉注射诱导小鼠免疫反应的特点。分别制备携带EGFP和HIV-1gag基因的重组AAV2/1(AAV1)和AAV2载体。小鼠肌肉注射rAAV1-EGFP和rAAV2-EGFP,观察注射局部EGFP的表达。将rAAV1-gag和rAAV2-gag分别以0、3周初免/加强方式肌肉注射免疫BALB/c小鼠以及新西兰白兔。ELISA法检测抗HIV-1 Gag P24蛋白的特异性抗体,细胞内细胞因子染色法检测Gag特异性的CTL反应。结果表明,rAAV1-EGFP在小鼠肌肉的表达强度显著高于rAAV2-EGFP;用Western blot法和间接免疫荧光法检测rAAV1-gag和rAAV2-gag体外转染的293细胞,均可检测到HIV-1 Gag蛋白的表达;在小鼠体内rAAV1-gag和rAAV2-gag组均可检测到特异性P24抗体,抗体滴度rAAV1-gag组显著高于rAAV2-gag组;而无论rAAV1-gag组还是rAAV2-gag组,特异性CTL反应均较低,与阴性对照组相比均无显著性差异;两种载体免疫兔子也都可检测到特异性P24抗体,同样地,rAAV1-gag组显著高于rAAV2-gag组。结论:携带HIV-1gag基因的rAAV1或rAAV2以肌肉注射方式免疫小鼠主要诱导特异Gag的体液免疫反应;且rAAV1可诱导很强的抗HIV-1 Gag特异性抗体,抗体水平显著高于rAAV2。     

重组HIV-1 gp120 AAV2/1在小鼠和恒河猴体内的免疫原性

本文旨在研究表达HIV-1中国流行株gp120基因的重组腺相关病毒疫苗在小鼠和恒河猴体内的免疫原性。用rAAV2/1-gp120免疫BALB/c小鼠和恒河猴,分别用ELISA和HIV-1假病毒中和试验检测免疫动物血清中HIV-1特异性IgG抗体水平和中和抗体水平,用ELISPOT方法和体内杀伤实验检测HIV-1特异性细胞免疫应答水平。结果显示在小鼠体内用rAAV2/1-gp120仅免疫一次就能诱导较高水平的IgG抗体,IgG抗体至少能持续21周,但没有检测到中和抗体。rAAV2/1-gp120在小鼠体内诱导微弱水平的HIV-1特异性细胞免疫应答。rAAV2/1-gp120在恒河猴体内诱导的HIV-1特异性细胞和抗体反应均很弱,且检测不到中和抗体。提示rAAV2/1载体在诱导抗体反应方面具有特殊优势,但若希望诱导HIV-1特异性中和抗体,则需要改造env基因以提高其免疫原性。     

人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)58型DNA疫苗免疫原性的初步分析

为了检测HPV 58型不同L1基因的DNA疫苗的免疫原性,以pcDNA3.1为载体分别构建含HFV 58型不同L1基因的DNA疫苗,命名为L1h、L1h△c、L1S、L1SM和L1wt.用免疫印迹法检测各DNA疫苗的体外表达情况;各重组质粒与pcDNA3.1-h58L2和pcDNA3.1-GFP共转染293FT细胞,检测其形成假病毒的能力;并将各DNA疫苗肌肉注射免疫小鼠,利用假病毒中和实验检测中和抗体水平,用ELISPOT检测细胞免疫情况.结果显示,本实验成功构建了五种DNA疫苗,L1h△c的体外表达量最高,L1S和L1SM的表达量次之,L1wt没有表达;重组质粒L1S能够形成假病毒,而其他四种重组质粒均不能形成假病毒.L1S和L1h均可在小鼠体内诱导中和抗体,但L1S诱导的中和抗体的平均滴度为1:6 400,明显高于L1h诱导的中和抗体水平(平均滴度为1:48),而其他疫苗在小鼠体内未产生中和抗体.对五种疫苗均未检测出特异性的细胞免疫反应.结果提示,体外能够组装成假病毒的DNA疫苗在免疫动物后可诱导高滴度的中和抗体,为今后DNA疫苗的筛选提供参考.     

重组人乳头瘤病毒6型病毒样颗粒诱导中和抗体

为研究重组病毒样颗粒（virus-like particle,VLP)免疫血清的抗感染作用,用重组杆状病毒在昆虫细胞中表达制备的人乳头瘤病毒6型（human papillomavirus type 6,HPV-6)L1 VLP的HPV－6L1＋L2 VLP免疫BALB／c小鼠,获得抗血清,ELISA法测定抗体滴度,在细胞水平和裸鼠异源组织移植模型中评价了免疫血清的中和病毒抗感染作用。VLP诱导了高滴度（＞1：10000）的血清抗体,抗血清可以特异地阻断人胚上皮细胞对VLP的摄入,并且能抑制从尖锐湿疣活检标本提取的HPV对人上皮细胞的感染。重组HPV－6VLP免疫小鼠诱导的血清抗体具有中和病毒、抑制感染的作用。提示重组VLP可以用于研制HVP预防性疫苗。     

腺病毒载体介导密码子优化型HPV 16 L1基因在哺乳动物细胞中的高效表达及病毒样颗粒的装配

为研究重组腺病毒载体作为HPV16预防性疫苗的可行性,构建了含密码子优化型HPV 16 L1基因的重组腺病毒,并对优化基因在哺乳动物细胞中的表达进行研究。首先按照哺乳动物密码子偏好对野生型HPV16 L1基因进行改造并合成优化基因,命名为mod.HPV16L1。将mod.HPV16L1基因克隆到穿梭质粒PDC316上,与骨架质粒共转染293细胞,在细胞内包装重组腺病毒rAd-mod.HPV16L1。用免疫印迹法检测病毒感染的293T细胞中HPV16L1蛋白的表达。通过Optiprep密度梯度超速离心法纯化HPV16 L1病毒样颗粒(VLPs)。用磷钨酸负染,在电子显微镜下观察HPV16 L1蛋白自我装配形成的VLPs。结果显示,重组腺病毒载体可介导mod.HPV16 L1基因在哺乳动物细胞内的高效表达,L1蛋白可自我装配形成VLPs。     

人乳头瘤病毒16L1-减毒志贺氏杆菌为载体疫苗的构建及免疫效应初步鉴定

为预防高危型人乳头瘤病毒16型(HPV16)诱发宫颈癌,制备以减毒志贺氏杆菌为载体的HPV16预防疫苗,以期载体可介导机体产生粘膜免疫反应,达到预防HPVl6感染的目的。为此构建了以HPV16L1为免疫原的减毒志贺氏杆菌苗,并初步鉴定候选疫苗的减毒特性和免疫效果。利用基于志贺氏杆菌virG／icsA基因的表达载体(pHS3199),将HPV16L1基因插入后构成pHS3199-hpv16L1质粒,电穿孔法将其转入减毒志贺氏杆菌sh42,经筛选获得重组减毒sh42-HPV16L1工程菌。用免疫印迹法检测HPV16L1蛋白表达,连续传代法确定其传代和目的蛋白表达的稳定性;豚鼠角膜巩膜炎症试验检测细菌的毒力和菌苗的免疫效果;小鼠红细胞凝集抑制试验检测免疫血清对病毒样颗粒(VLP)的中和活性。免疫印迹检测证实,重组菌株sh42-HPV16L1可稳定表达HPV16L1;豚鼠角膜巩膜炎症试验证实,该候选菌苗无致病性。减毒sh42-HPV16L1经结膜囊途径免疫豚鼠,可以产生特异性体液免疫应答,免疫动物体内的血清、肠道、阴道分泌物中抗HPV16L1 VLPIgG、IgA含量显著高于对照组,并且sh42-HPV16L1免疫动物血清可明显抑制HPV16L1 VLP引起的小鼠红细胞凝集。因而sh42-HPV16L1将是一种潜在的HPV16候选预防疫苗。     

一种可诱发高滴度的针对人乳头瘤病毒HPV16,HPV52,HPV58中和抗体反应的HPV16嵌合病毒样颗粒疫苗的研究

人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)主要衣壳蛋白L1病毒样颗粒(VLP)主要诱发型别特异性中和抗体,增加L1VLP型别虽可扩大保护范围,但疫苗生产成本显著增加。HPV16,HPV52及HPV58是我国的主要高危型别。本文将HPV58次要衣壳蛋白L2aa.16～37多肽(与HPV52L2aa.16～37序列相同)插入HPV16L1的h4-βJ coil区,利用昆虫表达体系构建获得16L1h4-58dEVLP,协同人用佐剂氢氧化铝和单磷酰脂质A(Alum-MPL)免疫小鼠。活性检测结果显示16L1h4-58dE VLP免疫血清可中和17种HPV假病毒中的16种,其中针对HPV16的平均中和抗体滴度最高(滴度,76 800),与HPV16L1VLP对照组的相当(P0.05);重要的是,针对HPV58及HPV52的平均中和抗体滴度均大于10~3(分别为4 050和1 725);另外,还可中等滴度中和HPV45(550),HPV18(506),HPV33(500),HPV39(463),HPV68(431),HPV6(300),HPV57(150),HPV11(125)及较低滴度的中和HPV2/HPV27(40),HPV35(38),HPV5(25),HPV31(13),但对HPV59没有中和活性。因此,以本研究构建16L1h4-58dE VLP进行广谱HPV疫苗的研究,可望降低疫苗成本,具有应用前景。     

利用重组HPV16L1抗原检测宫颈癌抗L1或VLP抗体的对比

为了评价重组大肠杆菌表达的HPV16L1蛋白和重组腺病毒表达的HPV16L1-VLP两种抗原在检测宫颈癌抗16 L1或VLP抗体及在宫颈癌血清学诊断意义上的差别,应用PCR技术从宫颈癌组织的DNA中扩增出全长1535bp的HPV16L1基因片段,克隆至pUC18-T载体中,进行DNA测序鉴定.然后,将HPV16L1基因克隆至pGEX-2T表达载体中,并诱导表达HPV16L1融合蛋白,分子量为83kD,能被HPV16L1单克隆抗体所识别.经GST柱层析法纯化后,与重组腺病毒表达的HPV16L1-VLP分别经酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测12份宫颈癌患者和35份献血员血清.12例宫颈癌血清标本中,抗HPV16L1蛋白的抗体阳性率为7例(占 58.3%);抗HPV16L1-VLP的抗体阳性率为8例(占 66.7%).经大肠杆菌表达的重组抗原HPV16L1检测为HPV16抗体 IgG(+)的 7份患者血清,利用HPV16L1-VLP试剂盒检测均阳性;经大肠杆菌表达的重组抗原检测为HPV16抗体 IgG(-)的5 份患者血清,利用HPV16L1-VLP试剂盒检测有1份阳性.两者对HPV16抗体的阳性检出率并无显著差异(P>0.05).本实验结果说明HPV16与宫颈癌高度相关,利用大肠杆菌表达的重组抗原HPV16L1和HPV16L1-VLP重组抗原检测抗体的敏感性并不受影响.利用重组抗原HPV16 L1对宫颈癌的抗体进行定性、定量分析有助于该疾病的诊断.     

利用重组HPV16L1抗原检测宫颈癌抗L1或VLP抗体的对比

为了评价重组大肠杆菌表达的HPV16L1蛋白和重组腺病毒表达的HPV16L1 VLP两种抗原在检测宫颈癌抗 16L1或VLP抗体及在宫颈癌血清学诊断意义上的差别 ,应用PCR技术从宫颈癌组织的DNA中扩增出全长15 35bp的HPV16L1基因片段 ,克隆至 pUC18 T载体中 ,进行DNA测序鉴定。然后 ,将HPV16L1基因克隆至pGEX 2T表达载体中 ,并诱导表达HPV16L1融合蛋白 ,分子量为 83kD ,能被HPV16L1单克隆抗体所识别。经GST柱层析法纯化后 ,与重组腺病毒表达的HPV16L1 VLP分别经酶联免疫吸附 (ELISA)法检测 12份宫颈癌患者和 35份献血员血清。 12例宫颈癌血清标本中 ,抗HPV16L1蛋白的抗体阳性率为 7例 (占 5 8.3% ) ;抗HPV16L1 VLP的抗体阳性率为 8例 (占 6 6 .7% )。经大肠杆菌表达的重组抗原HPV16L1检测为HPV16抗体IgG( )的 7份患者血清 ,利用HPV16L1 VLP试剂盒检测均阳性 ;经大肠杆菌表达的重组抗原检测为HPV16抗体IgG( )的 5份患者血清 ,利用HPV16L1 VLP试剂盒检测有 1份阳性。两者对HPV16抗体的阳性检出率并无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。本实验结果说明HPV16与宫颈癌高度相关 ,利用大肠杆菌表达的重组抗原HPV16L1和HPV16L1 VLP重组抗原检测抗体的敏感性并不受影响。利用重组抗原HPV16L1对宫颈癌的抗体进行定性、定量分析有助于该疾病     

Intranasal vaccination with recombinant adeno-associated virus type 5 against human papillomavirus type 16 L1

Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) have been developed and evaluated as recombinant vectors for gene therapy in many preclinical studies, as well as in clinical trials. However, only a few approaches have used recombinant AAV (rAAV) to deliver vaccine antigens. We generated an rAAV encoding the major capsid protein L1 (L1h) from the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16), aiming to develop a prophylactic vaccine against HPV16 infections, which are the major cause of cervical cancer in women worldwide. A single dose of rAAV5 L1h administered intranasally was sufficient to induce high titers of L1-specific serum antibodies, as well as mucosal antibodies in vaginal washes. Seroconversion was maintained for at least 1 year. In addition, a cellular immune response was still detectable 60 weeks after immunization. Furthermore, lyophilized rAAV5 L1h successfully evoked a systemic and mucosal immune response in mice. These data clearly show the efficacy of a single-dose intranasal immunization against HPV16 based on the recombinant rAAV5L1h vector without the need of an adjuvant.     

表达轮状病毒nsp4基因重组腺病毒的构建与免疫评价

目的：应用非复制腺病毒表达系统构建表达人轮状病毒非结构蛋白4（NSP4）的重组腺病毒,初步评价其免疫保护效果。方法：构建含野生轮状病毒NSP4基因的穿梭质粒pshuttle-NSP4,与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdeasy经同源重组后在Ad-293细胞中包装获得pAd-NSP4重组腺病毒颗粒。电镜、RT-PCR、免疫荧光等方法鉴定病毒特征及在体外细胞中的表达。肌肉注射及滴鼻方式免疫小鼠,检测小鼠血清抗体效价及其中和保护效果。结果：获得了滴度为10^8.25CCID50/ml的重组腺病毒pAd-NSP4,免疫荧光检测到特异性目的蛋白的表达。二次免疫后肌肉注射和滴鼻小鼠的ELISA血清平均效价分别为1：320 和1：1436.8;中和抗体效价1：45.3和1：71.8。结论：表达轮状病毒NSP4蛋白的非复制型重组腺病毒颗粒具有良好的免疫原性。滴鼻途径比肌肉注射可更加有效地诱导小鼠的免疫应答。     

Immunogenicity of Bivalent Human Papillomavirus DNA Vaccine Using Human Endogenous Retrovirus Envelope-Coated Baculoviral Vectors in Mice and Pigs

Human papillomavirus is known to be the major pathogen of cervical cancer. Here, we report the efficacy of a bivalent human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 DNA vaccine system following repeated dosing in mice and pigs using a recombinant baculovirus bearing human endogenous retrovirus envelope protein (AcHERV) as a vector. The intramuscular administration of AcHERV-based HPV16L1 and HPV18L1 DNA vaccines induced antigen-specific serum IgG, vaginal IgA, and neutralizing antibodies to levels comparable to those achieved using the commercially marketed vaccine Cervarix. Similar to Cervarix, AcHERV-based bivalent vaccinations completely blocked subsequent vaginal challenge with HPV type-specific pseudovirions. However, AcHERV-based bivalent vaccinations induced significantly higher cell-mediated immune responses than Cervarix, promoting 4.5- (HPV16L1) and 3.9-(HPV18L1) fold higher interferon-γ production in splenocytes upon stimulation with antigen type-specific pseudovirions. Repeated dosing did not affect the immunogenicity of AcHERV DNA vaccines. Three sequential immunizations with AcHERV-HP18L1 DNA vaccine followed by three repeated dosing with AcHERV-HP16L1 over 11 weeks induced an initial production of anti-HPV18L1 antibody followed by subsequent induction of anti-HPV16L1 antibody. Finally, AcHERV-based bivalent DNA vaccination induced antigen-specific serum IgG immune responses in pigs. These results support the further development of AcHERV as a bivalent human papillomavirus DNA vaccine system for use in preventing the viral infection as well as treating the infected women by inducing both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Moreover, the possibility of repeated dosing indicates the utility of AcHERV system for reusable vectors of other viral pathogen vaccines.     

Improved efficiency of a Salmonella-based vaccine against human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles achieved by using a codon-optimized version of L1

Cervical cancer results from cervical infection by human papillomaviruses (HPVs), especially HPV16. An effective vaccine against these HPVs is expected to have a dramatic impact on the incidence of this cancer and its precursor lesions. The leading candidate, a subunit prophylactic HPV virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine, can protect women from HPV infection. An alternative improved vaccine that avoids parenteral injection, that is efficient with a single dose, and that induces mucosal immunity might greatly facilitate vaccine implementation in different settings. In this study, we have constructed a new generation of recombinant Salmonella organisms that assemble HPV16 VLPs and induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies in mice after a single nasal or oral immunization with live bacteria. This was achieved through the expression of a HPV16 L1 capsid gene whose codon usage was optimized to fit with the most frequently used codons in Salmonella. Interestingly, the high immunogenicity of the new recombinant bacteria did not correlate with an increased expression of L1 VLPs but with a greater stability of the L1-expressing plasmid in vitro and in vivo in absence of antibiotic selection. Anti-HPV16 humoral and neutralizing responses were also observed with different Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains whose attenuating deletions have already been shown to be safe after oral vaccination of humans. Thus, our findings are a promising improvement toward a vaccine strain that could be tested in human volunteers.     

Percutaneous Vaccination as an Effective Method of Delivery of MVA and MVA-Vectored Vaccines

The robustness of immune responses to an antigen could be dictated by the route of vaccine inoculation. Traditional smallpox vaccines, essentially vaccinia virus strains, that were used in the eradication of smallpox were administered by percutaneous inoculation (skin scarification). The modified vaccinia virus Ankara is licensed as a smallpox vaccine in Europe and Canada and currently undergoing clinical development in the United States. MVA is also being investigated as a vector for the delivery of heterologous genes for prophylactic or therapeutic immunization. Since MVA is replication-deficient, MVA and MVA-vectored vaccines are often inoculated through the intramuscular, intradermal or subcutaneous routes. Vaccine inoculation via the intramuscular, intradermal or subcutaneous routes requires the use of injection needles, and an estimated 10 to 20% of the population of the United States has needle phobia. Following an observation in our laboratory that a replication-deficient recombinant vaccinia virus derived from the New York City Board of Health strain elicited protective immune responses in a mouse model upon inoculation by tail scarification, we investigated whether MVA and MVA recombinants can elicit protective responses following percutaneous administration in mouse models. Our data suggest that MVA administered by percutaneous inoculation, elicited vaccinia-specific antibody responses, and protected mice from lethal vaccinia virus challenge, at levels comparable to or better than subcutaneous or intramuscular inoculation. High titers of specific neutralizing antibodies were elicited in mice inoculated with a recombinant MVA expressing the herpes simplex type 2 glycoprotein D after scarification. Similarly, a recombinant MVA expressing the hemagglutinin of attenuated influenza virus rgA/Viet Nam/1203/2004 (H5N1) elicited protective immune responses when administered at low doses by scarification. Taken together, our data suggest that MVA and MVA-vectored vaccines inoculated by scarification can elicit protective immune responses that are comparable to subcutaneous vaccination, and may allow for antigen sparing when vaccine supply is limited.     

原核表达系统制备HPV58L1 VLP可诱发高滴度且持久的中和抗体

目的:采用大肠杆菌表达系统制备人乳头瘤病毒58型(human papillomavirus type 58,HPV58)病毒样颗粒(virus-like particle,VLP)疫苗。方法:合成法获得HPV58 L1大肠杆菌密码子优化基因,构建HPV58 L1重组原核表达质粒mpET22b/HPV58 L1,检测其在BL21(DE3)中表达水平,饱和硫酸铵沉淀加阳离子交换层析法纯化蛋白后进行动态光散射(dynamic light scatter,DLS)分析。小鼠免疫后,检测免疫血清针对HPV58假病毒的中和抗体水平。结果:HPV58 L1蛋白在BL21(DE3)细胞中大部分以可溶形式表达,纯化获得的HPV58 L1蛋白可组装成水动力学直径约为74 nm的VLP。0.5μg的HPV58 L1 VLP可诱发小鼠产生高滴度的HPV58特异性中和抗体,可维持至少20周。结论:原核表达系统制备的HPV58 L1 VLP可诱发高滴度且持久的中和抗体,可用于成本低的HPV58疫苗的研究。     

Construction of prophylactic human papillomavirus type 16 L1 capsid protein vaccine delivered by live attenuated Shigella flexneri strain sh42

To express human papillomavirus （HPV） L 1 capsid protein in the recombinant strain of Shigella and study the potential of a live attenuated Shigella-based HPV prophylactic vaccine in preventing HPV infection, the icsA/virG fragment of Shigella-based prokaryotic expression plasmid pHS3199 was constructed. HPV type 16 L1 （HPV16L1） gene was inserted into plasmid pHS3199 to form the pHS3199-HPV16L1 construct, and pHS3199-HPV 16L1 was electroporated into a live attenuated Shigella strain sh42. Western blotting analysis showed that HPV 16L 1 could be expressed stably in the recombinant strain sh42-HPV 16L 1. Sereny test results were negative, which showed that the sh42-HPV16L1 lost virulence. However, the attenuated recombinant strain partially maintained the invasive property as indicated by the HeLa cell infection assay. Specific IgG, IgA antibody against HPV16L1 virus-like particles （VLPs） were detected in the sera, intestinal lavage and vaginal lavage from animals immunized by sh42-HPV 16L1. The number of antibodysecreting cells in the spleen and draining lymph nodes were increased significantly compared with the control group. Sera from immunized animals inhibited mufine hemagglutination induced by HPV 16L1 VLPs, which indicated that the candidate vaccine could stimulate an efficient immune response in guinea pig＇s mucosal sites. This may be an effective strategy for the development of an HPV prophylactic oral vaccine.     

Passive immunization against transmissible gastroenteritis virus in piglets by ingestion of milk of sows inoculated with attenuated virus.

Pregnant sows were inoculated with the attenuated strain, TO--163, of swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Suckling piglets born from them received challenge inoculation with the virulent virus at 3 days after birth, and examined for ability to prevent infection and the immunoglobulin (Ig) classes of antibody in milk. A pregnant sow was inoculated intramuscularly with a dose of 10(8.0) TCID50 and intranasally with a dose of 10(9.3) TCID50 of attenuated virus. Piglets born from it suffered from diarrhea after challenge inoculation, but none of them died eventually. Their dam was also affected with diarrhea for 4 to 7 days after challenge inoculation of them. Another pregnant sow was inoculated twice with 10(9.3) TCID50 of attenuated virus, first by the intramuscular and secondly by the intranasal route. Of nine piglets born from it, one excreted soft feces after challenge inoculation, but all survived to grow normally. Their dam manifested no clinical symptoms at all after challenge inoculation of them. The higher the titer of virus inoculated into pregnant sows, the higher the neutralizing antibody titer in serum and milk of the sows after farrowing. The puerperal sow which had received two doses of 10(9.3) TCID50 each of attenuated virus by the intramuscular and intranasal route, respectively, presented the highest neutralizing antibody titer of all the inoculated sows. This titer was 2,048 in serum and 14,183 in colostrum immediately after farrowing. In that sow IgG was the main class of immunoglobulins in neutralizing antibody in milk. Even the IgA antibody titer of that sow was higher than that of any other sow which had been administered with virus of low titer. It was 392 and 19 3 and 9 days, respectively, after farrowing.