促DNA修复多效蛋白诱导因子pprI逆转录病毒载体系统的构建及其鉴定

目的:为实现耐辐射球菌pprI基因在哺乳动物细胞中的稳定遗传与表达,构建重组逆转录病毒载体质粒pLXIN-pprI。方法:将目的基因pprI亚克隆经过双酶切后定向连接到pLXIN质粒上,构建逆转录病毒重组质粒pLXIN-pprI。将pLXIN-pprI转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞DH5α,氨苄青霉素筛选后抽提获得重组质粒pLXIN-pprI,双酶切及DNA测序鉴定。结果:酶切鉴定及测序结果显示结果与预期相符,pprI基因成功插入pLXIN逆转录病毒载体中。结论:重组逆转录病毒载体质粒pLXIN-pprI构建成功,为实现耐辐射球菌pprI基因在哺乳动物细胞中的重组与表达奠定了基础。     

番茄红素环化酶基因shRNA真核表达质粒的构建及鉴定

目的利用RNA干扰技术,构建靶向番茄红素环化酶基因(CarR)的干扰质粒,为选择性抑制番茄红素环化酶活性以提高番茄红素产量,奠定基础。方法用DNA重组技术将针对三孢布拉氏霉菌CarR的不同部位所设计的3对shRNA序列克隆到真核表达质粒mU6 pro中,构建CarR shRNA表达质粒重组体mU6 CarR shRNA1、2、3,转化DH5а菌株扩增。提取质粒行酶切鉴定后,进行测序分析。结果3个CarR shRNA表达载体mU6 CarR shRNA1、2、3经限制性酶切及部分序列分析证明基因插入正确。结论成功构建了CarR shRNA表达载体mU6 CarR shRNA,重组体的成功构建为研究CarR靶向RNA干扰番茄红素的环化打下基础。     

人snail真核表达载体构建与鉴定

目的:构建人snail基因真核表达载体并鉴定。方法:使用RT-PCR法获取人snail基因全长c DNA,经Bam H I、Eco R I双酶切、连接,插入pc DNA3.1(+)真核表达载体,转化TOP10感受态细胞,用含氨苄青霉素的LB培养基筛选阳性克隆,提取质粒双酶切电泳及测序鉴定,瞬时转染siha细胞Western-blot从蛋白水平鉴定重组质粒在真核细胞内的表达。结果:pc DNA3.1-snail重组质粒经酶切电泳符合预期片段,测序鉴定插入片段与NCBI Gen Bank文库中人snail序列一致,重组质粒瞬时转染后snail蛋白表达量明显增高。结论:成功构建pc DNA3.1-snail重组质粒载体,为进一步探讨snail基因生物学功能奠定了基础。     

针对miR-221 基因干扰慢病毒载体的构建及其有效靶序列的 筛选与检测

目的:构建携带人miR-221基因的miRNA干扰慢病毒载体并寻找其有效靶序列,为胶质瘤的研究提供一种新的方法。方法:合成含干扰序列的双链DNAoligo直接连入酶切后的RNA干扰载体上。将产物转入细菌感受态细胞,对长出的克隆进行PCR鉴定,阳性克隆即为目的基因RNA干扰慢病毒载体质粒。再将目的基因与目的载体分别进行双酶切,纯化酶切产物后进行定向连接,其产物转入细菌感受态细胞,再对PCR鉴定阳性的克隆进行测序和分析比对,比对正确即为融合蛋白过表达质粒载体,然后将两种质粒共转染入293T细胞,用westernbolt法检测其有效敲减靶序列。结果:重组质粒经测序鉴定证明各转录模板完整、正确插入到相应质粒中,共转染后发现编号为PscSI576的靶点干扰效果最好。结论:本实验成功构建了人miR-221基因的RNA干扰慢病毒载体,并找到了有效的干扰靶序列。     

TMV复制酶基因靶向的RNA干涉载体构建

以TMV复制酶基因作为RNAi的靶向序列,应用RT－PCR法获得目的DNA序列。依据RNAi机制,以酶切后连接的方法将目的DNA序列正向、反向锚定连接到pUCCRNAi载体质粒,构建含目的序列反向重复结构的RNA干涉中间载体;反向重复结构酶切后插入含超强启动子的pC2300-35s-OCS表达载体,重组的表达载体质粒经冻融法转化到只含辅助质粒的根癌农杆菌中,完成双元载体系统的构建。每步的重组子经特异引物PCR验证和酶切验证有相应的特异条带存在,且测序鉴定序列正确。确认成功构建了TMV复制酶基因靶向的RNAi双元载体,为RNAi技术在植物病毒病害防治中的应用奠定基础。     

介导大鼠结缔组织生长因子基因沉默的慢病毒载体转移质粒的构建及鉴定

目的：构建介导大鼠结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）基因沉默的慢病毒载体转移质粒pGCL-CTGF,为进一步包装慢病毒载体奠定基础。方法：以大鼠CTGF基因为靶基因,根据RNA干扰（RNAi）序列设计原则,设计4对有小发夹结构的RNAi靶点序列,退火形成双链DNA,双酶切后定向克隆到慢病毒载体转移质粒pGCL-GFP中,构建4个含靶基因片段的重组慢病毒载体转移质粒pGCL-CTGF,并对质粒进行PCR及测序鉴定。结果：CTGF的短发夹RNA（shRNA）片段被成功克隆到慢病毒载体转移质粒pGCL-GFP中,4个插入序列与设计的靶基因片段完全一致。结论：构建了能够表达4个含CTGF靶基因片段的慢病毒载体转移质粒,为进一步包装介导CTGF基因沉默的慢病毒载体奠定了基础。     

灵芝-8基因的番茄果实特异性启动子植物表达载体的构建

构建含有灵芝-8（LZ-8）基因和番茄果实特异性E8启动子的重组载体,并将其转化到根瘤农杆菌中。通过PCR法获取LZ-8基因和E8启动子序列,将目的基因和E8启动子序列构建到植物表达载体pBI121中,获得果实特异性表达LZ-8蛋白的重组质粒。并采用PCR、限制性内切酶酶切和序列测定分析法,对重组质粒进行鉴定,将其转入根瘤农杆菌GV3101中。PCR法、限制性内切酶酶切图谱和序列测定分析均表明番茄果实特异性表达LZ-8蛋白的重组质粒构建成功。获得了含有LZ-8基因和E8启动子的重组质粒,并成功转化根瘤农杆菌,为下一步LZ-8蛋白在番茄果实中特异表达奠定基础。     

人BRCA1 干涉慢病毒载体的构建与验证

目的:设计合成干涉BRCA1表达的小干扰RNA,并克隆入pLKO.1慢病毒表达载体,为研究基因BRCA1在乳腺癌细胞增殖中的作用提供基础。方法:根据人BRCA1的基因序列,设计合成三对BRCA1干涉片段(序列前后加入酶切位点EcoRI和AgeI),再利用酶切连接反应将其插入到慢病毒载体pLKO.1中,经过酶切鉴定及测序正确后,将重组质粒转染入MCF-7细胞,48h后提取蛋白质和RNA,通过蛋白印迹验证BRCA1的蛋白水平的表达情况,Realtime PCR验证BRCA1的RNA水平的表达变化。结果:重组质粒经酶切鉴定和测序比对完全正确,转染乳腺癌细胞48h后可见BRCA1表达的明显下调。结论:成功构建BRCA1干涉的慢病毒载体,并且转染MCF-7细胞证实其能够下调BRCA1的表达,为后续研究BRCA1在乳腺癌细胞的功能奠定了基础。     

含G0S2基因启动子的荧光素酶报告基因载体的构建

目的:克隆人G0S2基因启动子并构建荧光素酶报告基因载体,为进一步研究G0S2基因转录调控提供质粒。方法:利用PCR技术从人胚肾293A细胞基因组DNA中克隆获得G0S2基因启动子的DNA片段,将其克隆至pGL3-basic表达载体中,并转化人大肠杆菌DH5α,经限制性内切酶酶切、PCR及测序鉴定得到确认;将重组载体质粒与半乳糖苷酶表达质粒psV-β-Galactosidase共转染至大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC),检测细胞中荧光素酶的活性。结果:pGL3-G0S2-Promoter重组质粒插入片段和相邻序列正确,克隆的G0S2基因片段有启动子活性(P0.05)。结论:成功构建了pGL3-G0S2-Promoter报告基因质粒,为进一步研究G0S2基因的表达奠定了基础。     

针对乙肝病毒的串联序列amiRNA表达载体的构建

目的为优化RNA干扰研究方法,构建了针对乙肝病毒的串联序列amiRNA(artificial microRNA)质粒表达载体。方法设计针对乙型肝炎病毒S区的靶干扰序列,构建单一序列amiRNA质粒表达载体;将其中干扰效率好的两个序列串联起来,构建串联序列amiRNA质粒表达载体。结果经酶切及测序鉴定,插入序列与靶序列一致,载体构建正确。结论成功构建了新型针对乙肝病毒的串联序列amiRNA质粒表达载体,为进一步体外及体内实验奠定了基础。     

Deafness and cochlear fibrocyte alterations in mice deficient for the inner ear protein otospiralin

In the cochlea, the mammalian auditory organ, fibrocytes of the mesenchymal nonsensory regions play important roles in cochlear physiology, including the maintenance of ionic and hydric components in the endolymph. Occurrence of human deafness in fibrocyte alterations underlines their critical roles in auditory function. We recently described a novel gene, Otos, which encodes otospiralin, a small protein of unknown function that is produced by the fibrocytes of the cochlea and vestibule. We now have generated mice with deletion of Otos and found that they show moderate deafness, with no frequency predominance. Histopathology revealed a degeneration of type II and IV fibrocytes, while hair cells and stria vascularis appeared normal. Together, these findings suggest that impairment of fibrocytes caused by the loss in otospiralin leads to abnormal cochlear physiology and auditory function. This moderate dysfunction may predispose to age-related hearing loss.     

Structural analysis of four large plasmids harboring in a unicellular cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

The genome of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 consists of a single chromosome and several plasmids of different sizes, and the nucleotide sequences of the chromosome and three small plasmids (5.2 kb, 2.4 kb, and 2.3 kb) have already been sequenced. We newly determined the nucleotide sequences of four large plasmids, which have been identified in our laboratory (pSYSM:120 kb, pSYSX:106 kb, pSYSA:103 kb, and pSYSG:44 kb). Computer-aided analysis was performed to explore the genetic information carried by these plasmids. A total of 397 potential protein-encoding genes were predicted, but little information was obtained about the functional relationship of plasmids to host cell, as a large portion of the predicted genes (77%) were of unknown function. The occurrence of the potential genes on plasmids was divergent, and parA was the only gene common to all four large plasmids. The distribution data of a Cyanobacterium-specific sequence (HIP1: 5'-GCGATCGC-3') suggested that respective plasmids could have originated from different cyanobacterial strains.     

Behaviour of bacteriophage Mu-based IncP suicide vector plasmids in Rhizobium spp.

Abstract The ability of P-type plasmids, containing bacteriophage Mu, to survive in Rhizobia was examined under conditions in which the plasmids were not directly selected. The plasmid pRP4::Mu::Tn7 survived in all tested strains of Rhizobia and Agrobacteria . The surviving plasmids were analysed for expression of plasmid coded properties and for presence of both bacteriophage Mu and Tn7 DNA. A large variation in plasmid size and coding capacity was observed. In the parent plasmid Tn7 is inserted into the Mu DNA. The majority of surviving plasmids had lost Mu DNA but the Tn7 DNA was retained. Analysis of surviving plasmids which contained Mu DNA indicated that a small deletion of Mu is sufficient to allow plasmid survival. Deleted derivatives of pJB4J1 were also isolated in Rhizobium under similar conditions. The potential of these suicide vectors as potential vectors for transposon mutagenesis in Rhizobium is discussed.     

Conjugative transfer of the naturally occurring plasmids of Acetobacter xylinum by IncP-plasmid-mediated mobilization.

Broad-host-range plasmids and cloning vectors were conjugatively transferred to Acetobacter xylinum. One of the plasmids, RP4::Mu cts61, was used for the insertion of Tn1 into the 16-, 44-, and 64-kilobase-pair plasmids of A. xylinum. The Tn1-labeled plasmids could be mobilized by a helper plasmid. Many of the Tn1 insertions affected the copy number of the plasmids.     

Characterization and cloning of extrachromosomal DNA from filamentous cyanobacteria

Abstract Physical maps of cryptic plasmids from the filamentous cyanobacteria Anabaena variabilis PCC7118 (pGL1: 3.6 MDa), Nostoc PCC6705 (pGL2: 2.6 MDa) and Plectonema PCC6306 (pGL3: 0.95 MDa) were generated. Selectable markers were introduced onto pGL2 and pGL3 by fusing them to the vector pBR328, using their single restriction sites for Cla I. The recombinant plasmids generated were characterised with respect to the orientation of the insert and the single sites for restriction endonucleases which they possess. The stability of pGL1 and of the two recombinant plasmids in culture was investigated and a method for isolating larger cyanobacterial plasmids (> 20 MDa) was devised.     

Spread and evolution of natural plasmids harboring transposon Tn5

Abstract: The presence of transposon Tn 5 was studied in 730 Enterobacteriaceae strains from clinical and sewage origin. From these strains, twenty-five conjugative plasmids harboring transposon Tn 5 were isolated. These plasmids were compared with pJR67 and pRYC119, the only previously studied plasmids harboring Tn 5 . A phylogenetic tree of the evolution of all different plasmids was proposed. Irrespective of their bacterial host and geographical place of isolation, some of the plasmids were shown to be identical. All of them can be included in only eight different prototypical plasmid species. Twenty-two plasmids (88%) carried an IncI1 incompatibility determinant as judged form DNA hybridization experiments. The presence of some other common resistance genes suggested that these plasmids are descendants of a common ancestor. These IncI1 plasmids could be grouped in six prototypical species. The results presented here suggest that Tn 5 spread in nature may be dependent on the conjugative ability of the IncI plasmids harboring the transposon, rather than on the efficiency of Tn 5 transposition between different replicons.     

Construction of a correlated physical and genetic map of the Klebsiella pneumoniae hisDGO region using transposon Tn5 mutagenesis.

Multicopy plasmids containing the hisDG region of Klebsiella pneumoniae were mutagenized with transposon Tn5. The resulting plasmids were examined for their ability to complement hisD and hisG mutations in Escherichia coli. The physical location of Tn5 on each of the hisD::Tn5 and hisG::Tn5 plasmids was determined by restriction endonuclease analysis. By combining the two types of data, a precise correlated physical and genetic map of the K. pneumoniae hisDG region was constructed. Based on this analysis, the minimum sizes of the hisD and the hisG genes were calculated to be 1100 bp and 900 bp, respectively. The hisO(P) region was also identified. The insertional specificity of transposon Tn5 was shown to be very low. One unanticipated result was obtained: Tn5 insertions in the plasmid-borne hisG gene were not polar on hisD.     

Curing of four different plasmids in Yersinia pestis using plasmid incompatibility

Aims: Plasmids are critical for the pathogenicity of Yersinia pestis. In order to carry out a systematic investigation of their role in pathogenesis, we cured plasmids from Y. pestis. Methods and Results: Each plasmid’s replicon of Y. pestis was cloned into plasmid pEX18Gm containing a counter‐selectable sacB gene, and was then introduced into Y. pestis strain 201 by electroporation. Strains containing recombinant plasmids were cultivated under antibiotic selection. The resultant plasmid‐curing colonies, identified by specific polymerase chain reactions, were then cured off pEX18Gm under sucrose pressure. This method was used to successfully cure all four plasmids of Y. pestis, singly or in different combinations. Conclusions: Naturally evolving plasmids in Y. pestis are difficult to remove by conventional curing methods. We employed a method based on plasmid incompatibility to cure the plasmids from Y. pestis, which confirmed the efficacy of this method for curing plasmids with different types of replicons from one bacterium. Significance and Impact of the Study: There have been no reports on the curing of multiple plasmids by using replication mechanisms from one bacterium with this technique. In the present study, we were able to successfully apply this methodology to cure four plasmids from Y. pestis, confirming its feasibility.