DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION IN NITZSCHIA SP. (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) ISOLATED FROM A SHRIMP-CULTURE POND IN DO SON, VIETNAM

Domoic acid (DA), a neuroexcitatory amino acid, was detected in batch culture of the newly recognized species Nitzschia navis-varingica Lundholm et Moestrup . The production of DA by this diatom was confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The diatom was collected from a shrimp-culture pond in Do Son, Vietnam. The production of DA (1.7 pg·cell ^{− 1}) is within the levels reported for Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries (Hasle) Hasle. The DA production started during the late exponential growth phase and reached a maximum during the early stationary growth phase. Maximum DA levels in the axenic culture decreased to about half that of the nonaxenic culture (0.9 pg·cell ^{− 1} vs. 1.7 pg·cell ^{− 1}), suggesting that DA production by the new species is influenced by bacteria.     

Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Nitzschia bizertensis sp. nov.—A new domoic acid-producer

A new toxin-producing marine diatom, Nitzschia bizertensis sp. nov., isolated from the Bizerte Lagoon (Tunisia, Southwest Mediterranean Sea) is, based on studies on eight different strains, characterized morphologically by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and phylogenetically using the nuclear rDNA regions: SSU, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2 and D1–D3 of the LSU. The species belongs to the sections Lanceolatae or Lineares as defined by Cleve and Grunow (1880). These sections are characterized by species having linear-lanceolate valves with an eccentric raphe where the fibulae does not extend into the valve, and are otherwise famous for the lack of characters useful for delineation of species. Nitzschia bizertensis differs from most other species in these sections by having a high density of interstriae. The morphological and phylogenetic studies and comparisons with previously described Nitzschia species showed Nitzschia bizertensis sp. nov. to be a new species. Batch culture experiments were conducted for estimations of maximum growth rate and production of domoic acid (DA). Maximum cellular DA content of the examined strains ranged from 2 × 10⁻⁴ to 3.6 × 10⁻² pg cells⁻¹. The total DA concentration (pg mL⁻¹) was high already in exponential growth phase maybe due to reinoculation of “old” stationary phase cells, and increased into stationary growth phase where it reached a stationary level varying among the strains from ca. 4500 to 9500 pg mL⁻¹. Nitzschia bizertensis represents a new domoic acid-producing diatom and is the second toxin producing Nitzschia species. The resolution of Nitzschia bizertensis and Nitzschia navis-varingica in different parts of the LSU phylogenetic tree, and the recovery of the Pseudo-nitzschia species phylogenetically distant from those two species suggests that the ability to produce DA either evolved multiple times independently or was lost multiple times.     

北票尖山沟义县组下部两种膜翅目昆虫化石

描述了产自辽这西部北票上园地区尖山沟上侏罗统义县组上部膜翅目昆虫化石１新属２新种。新属新种Ｐｒｏｃｒｅｔｕａｎｉａ Ｐｒｉｓｔｉｎａ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．归人白垩旗腹姬蜂科（Ｃｒｅｔｅｖａｎｉｉｄａｅ）,新种Ｇｕｒｖａｎｏｔｒｕｐｅｓ ｌｉａｏｎｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。归入细蜂科（Ｓｅｒｐｈｉｄａｅ）．这是Ｃｒｅｔｅｖａｎｉｉｄａｅ科和Ｇｕｒｖａｎｏｔｒｕｐｅｓ属在我国的首次发现     

A REVIEW OF THE GENUS ACRICOTOPUS KIEFFER (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) IN CHINA

Abstract The genus Acricotopus Kieffer including three species from China is reviewed. Acricotopus lucens (Zetterstedt) is reexamined. Two species A. simplex sp. nov. and A. zhalingensis sp. nov. are described as male imagines. Acricotopus simplex sp. nov. was collected from Xizang, Sichuan and Qinghai Provinces; the species differs from others of the genus by the absence of hind tibial comb, temporal and clypeal seta. Acricotopus zhalingensis sp. nov. was collected from Qinghai Province; the species is recognized by a combination of characters: the larger body size; the clypeus without setae; anal lobe strongly produced, nearly hemispherical shape; inferior volsella triangular, strongly sclerotized; gonostylus with 13 very long setae. A key to the world males of the genus is presented. The generic diagnosis is emended. All the types described in this paper are deposited in Department of Biology, Nankai University, China (BDN).     

NITZSCHIA ALICAE SP. NOV. AND N. PURIFORMIS SP. NOV., NEW DIATOMS FROM EUROPEAN RIVERS AND COMPARISON WITH THE TYPE MATERIAL OF N. SUBLINEARIS AND N. PURA1

Nitzschia sublinearis Hustedt and N. pura Hustedt are common oligosaprobic freshwater diatom species that frequently occur in diatom inventories, thus being important in water quality studies. Both are considered as species with overlapping diagnostic criteria in several floras, which is typical of the whole genus Nitzschia. The type material of Hustedt of N. sublinearis and N. pura was examined using LM and EM in order to document the range of variation within the type populations and to compare it with populations occurring in different European rivers. Detailed observations allowed recognition of two new freshwater diatom species: N. alicae sp. nov., occurring in mesotrophic up to eutrophic conditions, and N. puriformis sp. nov., mostly occurring in oligotrophic habitats, both in rivers and streams at middle and high altitudes. The most reliable taxonomic features that separate both new species from the most similar taxa are the density of fibulae and striae, valve shape, and valve width as well as the shape of areolae. Morphological examination of different populations indicates that N. puriformis is relatively common in European rivers and has been overlooked to date and confounded with N. pura by several researchers. By contrast, N. alicae has, to date, been collected only in Slovakia and Northern Italy, but with a high frequency of occurrence and sometimes in high abundance at sites.     

AN OUTBREAK OF DOMOIC ACID POISONING ATTRIBUTED TO THE PENNATE DIATOM PSEUDONITZSCHIA AUSTRALIS1

A bloom of the pennate diatom Pseudonitzschia australis Frenguelli (= Nitzschia pseudoseriata Hasle) occurring in Monterey Bay, California, in early September 1991 coincided with an episode of mortality in brown pelicans (Pelicanus occidentalis) and Brandt's cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus). High levels of domoic acid (DA), the amnesic shellfish poisoning toxin, were recorded in the plankton samples. Furthermore, high levels of DA, as well as numerous remnants of P. australis frustules, were found in the stomach contents of affected birds and in the visceral contents of local anchovies, a principal food source of seabirds. This is the first confirmed report of DA poisoning since the original 1987 episode in Atlantic Canada caused by Nitzschia pungens Grunow forma multiseries Hasle. It suggests another species of planktonic pennate diatom is capable of producing DA and that herbivorous finfish can act as vectors for this toxin.     

Meloneis gen. Nov., a new epipsammic genus of Rhaphoneidaceae (Bacillariophyceae)

The diatom family Rhaphoneidaceae is characterized by high generic diversity and low species diversity with most genera known to have long stratigraphic ranges. The genera within this family are neritic marine, and mostly epipsammic. A new modern and epipsammic genus, Meloneis gen. nov., is described herein and is compared to all genera within Rhaphoneidaceae and especially to Rhaphoneis Ehrenberg s.l. Within Meloneis three new species and one variety are distinguished and described herein: M. mimallis sp. nov., M. mimallis var. zephyria var. nov., M. akytos sp. nov., and M. gorgis sp. nov.     

中国单轴霉分类的研究——Ⅰ.寄生在唇形科和苋科植物上的新种

本文描述了单轴霉属(Plasmopara)霜霉菌的二个新种。它们是:寄生于唇形科植物香薷(Elsholtzia ciliata(Thunb.)Hyland)上的香薷单轴霉(Plasmopara elsholtziae spnov.)及苋科植物牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata Bl.)上的牛膝单轴霉(Plasmopara achyranthis sp. nov.)。牛膝单轴霉是本属真菌寄生于苋科植物的首次记录。上述二新种都有拉丁文及汉文描述,还分别讨论了新种与其同科或不同科寄主上的近似种之间的区别。     

Inorganic carbon acquisition in potentially toxic and non-toxic diatoms: the effect of pH-induced changes in seawater carbonate chemistry

The effects of pH-induced changes in seawater carbonate chemistry on inorganic carbon (C(i)) acquisition and domoic acid (DA) production were studied in two potentially toxic diatom species, Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries and Nitzschia navis-varingica, and the non-toxic Stellarima stellaris. In vivo activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA), photosynthetic O(2) evolution and CO(2) and HCO(3)(-) uptake rates were measured by membrane inlet MS in cells acclimated to low (7.9) and high pH (8.4 or 8.9). Species-specific differences in the mode of carbon acquisition were found. While extracellular carbonic anhydrase (eCA) activities increased with pH in P. multiseries and S. stellaris, N. navis-varingica exhibited low eCA activities independent of pH. Half-saturation concentrations (K(1/2)) for photosynthetic O(2) evolution, which were highest in S. stellaris and lowest in P. multiseries, generally decreased with increasing pH. In terms of carbon source, all species took up both CO(2) and HCO(3)(-). K(1/2) values for inorganic carbon uptake decreased with increasing pH in two species, while in N. navis-varingica apparent affinities did not change. While the contribution of HCO(3)(-) to net fixation was more than 85% in S. stellaris, it was about 55% in P. multiseries and only approximately 30% in N. navis-varingica. The intracellular content of DA increased in P. multiseries and N. navis-varingica with increasing pH. Based on our data, we propose a novel role for eCA acting as C(i)-recycling mechanism. With regard to pH-dependence of growth, the 'HCO(3)(-) user' S. stellaris was as sensitive as the 'CO(2) user' N. navis-varingica. The suggested relationship between DA and carbon acquisition/C(i) limitation could not be confirmed.     

太行山区幽灵蛛属一新种记述(蜘蛛目,幽灵蛛科)

记述了太行山区蜘蛛区系研究中发现的幽灵蛛科幽灵蛛属1新种:短突幽灵蛛Pholcus pennatus.sp.nov.模式标本保存在河北大学生命科学学院.文中测量单位mm.     

TAXONOMICAL STUDIES ON ARGIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) OF CHINA— A NEW GENUS AND FIVE NEW SPECIES OF STERIC-TIPHORINAE*

Abstract A key is given for the known Palaearctic and Oriental genera of the family Argidae including a new genus from China. Ortasiceros gen. nov. with five new species, O. nigriceps sp. nov., O. zhengi sp. nov., O. breoicornis sp. nov., O. curvata sp. nov. and O. elevata sp. nov. are described and figured. A new tribe, Ortasicerini trib. nov., is erected for the new genus and Copidocerus Forsius 1921. The type specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Central South Forestry University, Zhuzhou, China.     

大亚湾水域并基拟菱形藻的种类鉴定和产毒特征分析

为了丰富我国海域拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia Peragallo)的物种多样性, 并澄清其产毒特征, 研究从广东大亚湾海域分离并建立了一株拟菱形藻的单克隆培养株系MC298, 通过光学显微镜下的群体特征和透射电镜下的超微形态特征观察, 结合基于核糖体转录间隔区(Internal Transcribed Spacer, ITS)的分子系统学数据, 以及基于ITS2转录RNA的二级结构分析, 鉴定到我国拟菱形藻属的1个新记录种: 并基拟菱形藻P. decipiens Lundholm & Moestrup。研究对其形态学特征进行了较为详细地描述, 并与相似种进行了比较, 还对其ITS2-RNA的特有标志结构进行了阐述。同时, 利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)对该藻株的产毒特征进行了检测, 结果未检测到DA的存在。研究不仅丰富了我国拟菱形藻属的物种多样性, 也可为拟菱形藻的产毒特征研究提供基础数据。     

Heterobranchia (Gastropoda) from the Jurassic Deposits of Russia

Small gastropods from the Jurassic deposits of the European Russia, united into the lower Heterobranchia or Allogastropoda, are described. The families of Ampezzanildidae, Cimidae, Cornirostridae, Ebalidae, and Stuoraxidae are distinguished, and a set of taxa is given without reference to a definite family. The family Ampezzanildidae from the Jurassic deposits is described for the first time on the basis of the mass material, ascribed to the new genus Zizipupa gen. nov. with the sole species of Z. costata sp. nov. The family Cimidae includes the genera of Cristalloella, Rotfanella, Urlocella, and Unzhispira gen. nov. with species C. spiralocostata (Gründel, 1998), R. gerasimovi sp. nov., R. reticulata sp. nov., Urlocella undulata sp. nov., and Unzhispira minuta sp. nov. The genus Heteronatica gen. nov. is included into the family Cornirostridae. This genus is the first siphonostomatous representative of the given family including the sole long-living species H. globosa sp. nov., which is subdivided into subspecies H. globosa globosa and H. globosapromota subsp. nov. The family Ebalidae is represented by the genus Ebala, shells of which are distributed from the Middle Oxfordian to the Middle Volgian. The family Stuoraxidae is described based on two genera Stuoraxis and Aneudaronia gen. nov., including species of S. crassa sp. nov. and A. elegans sp. nov. The genus Doggerostra, which fits into different families of Heterobranchia in terms of shell morphology is represented by the species D. riedeli Gründel, 1998, which was previously known from the Bathonian and Callowian deposits in Poland and Germany, as well as form the Upper Jurassic interval in the Russian Plate. The Middle Volgian subspecies D. riedeli affinis subsp. nov. is distinguished in the composition of this species. In addition, the genus Masaevia gen. nov. with the sole species of M. sinistra sp. nov. is described. Due to so specific shell morphology of this genus, its position in the Heterobranchia system is unclear. It is not improbable that we deal with small planktonic gastropods of protoconchs of unknown group of planktonic or benthic gastropods.     

NOTES ON ANNOSA SPECIES-GROUP OF HELINA R.-D. (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) IN CHINA

Abstract The genus Helina R.-D., 1830 is the second largest genus in Muscidae. By now, more than 400 species are known in the world and about 200 species have been described in China. This paper outlines earlier studies on the subgenus and species-group of Helina. Helina annosa species-group is erected. A key to the known Chinese subgroups and species is given. The 19 known Chinese species is listed, including one new species, i.e. Helina setipostitibia sp. nov. Type specimen of the holotype of the new species is deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Shenyang Normal University.     

中国贵州妙蝇属(双翅目,蝇科)研究及净妙蝇群五新种记述(英文)

系贵州地区妙蝇属Myospila Rondani研究的系列论文之一,记述该属1新种群:净妙蝇群M.species-lauta并描述该新种群5新种:冯氏妙蝇M.fengisp.nov.,肖黄基妙蝇M.flavibasisoides sp.nov.,亚黄基妙蝇M.subflavibasis sp.nov.,亚净妙蝇M.sublauta sp.nov.和黄褐妙蝇M.xuthosa sp.nov.。文中给出了净妙蝇群的定义,编制了新种群所有已知种的检索表,描述了新种详细的形态特征及其与近缘种的鉴别特征。新种的模式标本保存于作者所在单位。     

中国细长蚁属系统分类研究(膜翅目,蚁科)

在中国记载细长蚁属Tetraponera F. Smith昆虫13种,其中在云南省描述5新种,报道中国1新纪录种.编制了工蚁的分种检索表.评论了该属中国种类的分类历史.13个已知种依次是红黑细长蚁T.rufonigra(Jerdon),凹唇细长蚁T.concava sp.nov.,宾氏细长蚁T.binghami(Forel),狭唇细长蚁T.attenuata F.Smith,显赫细长蚁T.notabilis Ward,光亮细长蚁T.nitida(F.Smith),隆背细长蚁T.convexa sp.nov.,榕细长蚁T.microcarpa Wu et Wang,叉唇细长蚁T.furcata sp.nov.,尖唇细长蚁T.protensa sp.nov.,飘细长蚁T.allaborans(Walker),无缘细长蚁T.amargina sp.nov,平静细长蚁T.modesta(F.Smith).显赫细长蚁T.notabilis Ward为中国新纪录种.     

Hexapod crabs of the genus Goniocypoda H. Woodward from the Upper Eocene of Hampshire

Two species belonging to the hexapod crab genus Goniocypoda are described from the Upper Eocene Barton Beds exposed in the cliff sections of Christchurch Bay, Hampshire. One of these, G. quaylei sp. nov., is described for the first time; the second species, G. edwardsi H. Woodward, is redescribed in the light of information obtained from a re-examination of the holotype and from new material. The morphology and relationships of other members of the genus are discussed in detail.     

中国巨须隐翅虫属六新种(鞘翅目,隐翅虫科,巨须隐翅虫亚科)

记述中国巨须隐翅虫属 Oxporus Fablicius 6新种,其中,刘氏巨须隐翅虫 Oxyporus(Oxporus)liuae sp.nov.,狭巨须隐翅虫O.(O.)angustatrs sp.nov.,二郎山巨须隐翅虫O.(O.)erlangshanus sp nov.和黑腹巨须隐翅虫O.(O.)atratulus sp.nov.来自四川,双带巨须隐翅虫O.(O.)bifasciarius sp.nov.和黄腿巨须隐翅虫O.(O.).femoratus sp.nov.采至云南.编制了中国已知种检索表.     

新疆菱形藻属和细齿藻属(硅藻门)中国新记录植物

2001年7月至8月、2007年7月分别两次在新疆各地采集硅藻标本,经显微观察,共鉴定出菱形藻属和细齿藻属(硅藻门)中国新记录植物11种1变种,其中菱形藻属9种:额雷菱形藻(Nitzschia eglei Lange-Bertalot)、弯曲菱形藻(N.flexa Schumann)、多样菱形藻(N.diversa Hustedt)、化石菱形藻[N.fossilis (Grunow) Grunow]、吉斯纳菱形藻(N.gessneri Hustedt)、平庸菱形藻(N.inconspicua Grunow)、辐射菱形藻(N.radicula Hustedt)、常见菱形藻(N.solita Hustedt)和粗肋菱形藻(N.valdecostata Lange-Bertalot & Simonsen);细齿藻属2种1变种:科瑞提细齿藻[Denticula creticola (strup) Lange-Bertalot & Krammer]、库津细齿藻汝牧变种(D.kuetzingii var.rumrichae Krammer)和强壮细齿藻[D.valida (Pedicino) Grunow].并对其12种新记录植物的分类学特征进行了详细的描述.     

A NEW LACEWING FAMILY (NEUROPTERA)FROM THE MIDDLE JURASSIC OF INNER MONGOLIA, CHINA

Abstract  A new family, Grammolingiidae of fossil lacewings is erected, of which 3 new genera and 6 new species are described and illustrated: Grammolingia boi . gen. nov. et sp. nov., Lithlingia rhra gen. nov. et sp. nov., Litholingia eumopha gen. nov. et sp. nov. and Litholingiu polychotom gen. nov. et sp. nov., Leptolingia jurassica gen. nov. et sp. nov. and Leptolingia tianyiensis gen. noc. et sp. nov. A key to genera within this new family is provided. All specimens described were collected from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Eastern Inner Mongolia, China. The present discovery demonstrates that present knowledge of the Jurassic Neuropetra fauna remains very poor. The fossil specimens are deposited in Yizhou Fossil Museum and Department of Biology, Capital Normal University, respectively.