西藏栽培大麦的遗传多样性中心

 以西藏3 204份栽培大麦(Hordeum vulgare)地方品种为材料,运用群体遗传学的原理与方法,研究了西藏栽培大麦遗传资源的数量、遗传多样性指数和综合变异系数及其生态地理分布特征。结果表明：1) 28°～30° N×88°～94° E的藏中地区栽培大麦资源分布广泛,遗传多样性丰富,综合变异系数高;2) 30°～31° N×96°～98° E的藏东横断山脉地区栽培大麦资源、遗传多样性和综合变异系数次之。并据此提出西藏栽培大麦的遗传多样性中心及其多样性扩散方式。     

河北省小豆种质资源遗传多样性分析

通过26个性状分析河北省385份小豆种质资源的遗传多样性及优异资源分布,结果表明,5个质量性状中粒色的遗传多样性指数最高,结荚习性的遗传多样性指数最低;数量性状中百粒重的遗传多样性最高,但15g以上的大粒优异资源较少;抗性性状中芽期抗寒的遗传多样性指数最高,锈病抗性遗传多样性指数最低;抗叶斑病、抗锈病和抗蚜虫资源缺乏高抗类型.11个地市中承德的材料份数及遗传多样性指数最高,且有野生资源分布,推断其为河北省小豆遗传多样性中心.     

134份国外陆地棉种质主要农艺性状与纤维品质性状的遗传多样性分析

为拓宽本地棉花种质基因库,筛选适于作杂交亲本的种质资源,以134份国外棉花种质为试验材料,研究了其主要品质与农艺性状的变异情况、遗传多样性指数、品质性状间的相关性,并以主要农艺与品质性状为指标,对134份种质进行了聚类分析和主成分分析。结果表明,纤维品质性状中整齐度指数的遗传多样性指数(5.16)最高,马克隆值的变异系数(11.96%)最大,农艺性状中霜前衣分的遗传多样性指数(5.42)最高,不孕籽率的变异系数(49.18%)最大,参试种质的遗传多样性丰富;整齐度指数与上半部平均长度、断裂比强度均呈极显著正相关,断裂比强度与上半部平均长度间也呈极显著正相关;10个农艺性状和5个品质性状的主成分分析结果表明,前6个主成分的累计贡献率达75.277%;Ward法聚类将134份参试种质按品质性状分为5类,其中第Ⅱ类群的35份种质棉纤维品质性状表现最好,按农艺性状分为3类,其中第Ⅰ类群的58份种质产量最高。通过综合35份纤维品质优异的种质与58份农艺性状优异的种质筛选出美1870、美1884、FM1830等14份品质与产量俱佳的优异种质。     

甘肃省新征集高粱地方品种资源的鉴定与遗传多样性评价

对甘肃省东部7个地区30个县海拔953~2024 m、33°44'~36°04'N范围内的高粱地方品种资源进行了考察征集,新征集到高粱品种资源128份。在统一鉴定的基础上采用变异系数、多样性指数和聚类分析方法,对8个质量性状、8个数量性状的遗传多样性进行了分析,结果表明:128份高粱地方品种资源主要性状平均遗传多样性指数1.172;穗粒重遗传多样性指数最高为1.468,芒性遗传多样性指数最低仅0.627;穗型变异系数最高为62.99%,生育期变异系数最低只有3.99%。在7个地区中,庆阳地区征集资源的遗传多样性指数最高为1.186;兰州地区征集的品种资源遗传多样性指数最低仅为0.373。聚类分析表明,128份品种资源可分为6大类,6大类中都有庆阳和定西地区的品种资源,说明庆阳、定西地区新征集到的高粱资源遗传多样性最为丰富。     

用于绿豆种质资源遗传多样性分析的SSR及STS引物的筛选

目前能够用于绿豆(Vigna radiate)种质资源遗传多样性分析的PCR引物极其有限。通过12份农艺性状差异较大的绿豆种质对绿豆以及小豆(Vigna angularis)、豇豆(Vigna unguiculata)、菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)等近缘食用豆中的PCR引物进行筛选,结果表明41对绿豆SSR引物中能够有效扩增的有35对,6对有多态性;28对绿豆STS引物中有23对能够有效扩增,2对有多态性;8对小豆SSR引物能够有效扩增的有6对,但均无多态性;27对豇豆SSR引物能够有效扩增的有17对,1对有多态性;24对菜豆SSR引物能够有效扩增的有9对,1对有多态性。这些多态性引物的获得将有助于中国绿豆种质资源的遗传多样性分析。     

481份国内外绿豆种质农艺性状及豆象抗性鉴定评价及遗传多样性分析

以来自21个国家和地区的481份绿豆种质资源为试验材料,通过3个年度4个试点的主要农艺性状评价,分析了9个质量性状和12个数量性状的遗传变异水平。结果表明:481份绿豆种质资源的主要表型性状变异丰富。不同环境条件下12个数量性状变异系数为5.32%～76.18%,其中小区产量、单株荚数等性状变异系数较高;遗传多样性指数为1.573～2.078,其中株高、百粒重等性状遗传多样性指数较高;相关性分析发现生育期与株高、主茎节数和主茎分枝均呈显著或极显著的正相关,说明生育期对绿豆形态建成具有重要的作用;聚类分析将481份种质材料聚为4大类群,其中第Ⅰ类群多为矮秆、直立、大籽粒以及早熟种质,可作为育种的优异亲本材料。如大粒种质C06287、洮绿3号、VC4059A和苏绿1号的百粒重均在6.50g以上,可作为改良绿豆籽粒大小的材料加以利用;早熟种质C01075、C01234、C01249在4个试点都表现出生育期较短,可作为发掘早熟基因的亲本材料;矮秆种质辽绿28号、VC1562A和潍9002-341,可作为抗倒伏育种研究的亲本材料;高抗豆象种质如C05199、C05202和C05528,可作为绿豆抗豆象育种的亲本材料。通过对数量性状进行主成分分析,6个主成分因子对表型变异的累计贡献率达到了83.41%。本研究通过综合评价481份绿豆种质资源的遗传多样性,旨在为绿豆的遗传育种和种质创新提供理论基础。     

普通菜豆种质资源表型鉴定及多样性分析

对646份普通菜豆核心种质在贵州毕节进行了表型鉴定,结果表明,普通菜豆具有丰富的形态性状多样性。总变异数为367,平均遗传丰富度为8.34,变异范围2~31;遗传多样性指数为0.63,变异范围为0.02~0.91。通过多变量的主成分分析,前3个主成分的贡献率较大,分别为17.73%、15.35%和11.33%。依据表型鉴定数据信息,将供试种质聚类并划分为4组。Ⅰ组的遗传多样性较高,主要为直立有限的大粒资源,大多资源属于安第斯基因库;Ⅱ组的遗传多样性最低,为直立无限生长习性的小粒资源,属于中美基因库;Ⅲ组的遗传多样性最高,主要以蔓生无限为主,包括小部分直立无限和匍匐无限的资源;Ⅳ组的遗传多样性较低,为蔓生无限生长习性、株高最高、分枝数最少的资源。筛选到大粒、多荚、长荚、宽荚等具有特异性状的种质资源35份。     

燕麦种质资源形态学性状的遗传多样性

【目的】燕麦种质资源遗传多样性研究不仅有助于种质资源的收集和评价,而且对燕麦生产和育种具有重要指导意义。【方法】研究对260份燕麦种质资源的20个形态学性状多样性、变异及聚类进行分析,评价其形态学性状的遗传变异水平,明确燕麦种质资源的性状特点与遗传多样性,以期为燕麦种质创新和品种改良提供依据。【结果】260份燕麦种质资源形态学性状间存在广泛的遗传多样性,质量性状的遗传多样性指数以粒色最大(1.53),芒色最小(0.76);12个数量性状呈正态分布,数量性状的遗传多样性指数以千粒重最大(2.03),有效分蘖数最小(1.22),变异系数最大的是有效分蘖数(89.02%),最小的是株高(11.19%)。根据燕麦品种(系)间各性状的遗传差异,聚类分析将供试的260份燕麦种质资源分为6类,其中种质群Ⅰ包括42份材料,可作为种用型育种目标的亲本材料;种质群Ⅱ包括31份材料,可作为选育高产饲草品种的亲本材料;种质群Ⅳ包括41份材料,可作为选育大粒专用型品种的育种材料;种质群Ⅴ包括46份材料,可作为燕麦矮化的亲本材料;而种质群Ⅲ包括46份材料,种质群Ⅵ包括54份材料,这两类种质群材料的综合性状表现不突...     

贵州野生猕猴桃表型遗传多样性分析

通过对146份贵州猕猴桃种质资源表型遗传多样性的研究,为贵州猕猴桃品种选育打下基础,对146份不同区域猕猴桃种质资源48个质量性状进行描述、赋值,并结合单果重等9个数量性状,使用主成分分析、聚类分析等进行综合评价。结果表明,57个质量性状和数量性状均存在丰富的多样性和变异性;146份资源的Shannon’s遗传多样性指数为1.28,从各区域遗传多样性指数可以看出,演化进程上从遗传多样性指数高的地区向低的地区进行演化;主成分分析结果显示,前14个主成分累计贡献率达75.076%,其中前6个主成分的累计贡献率达51.911%,为提高品种选育和评价的工作效率,可将猕猴桃种质资源的描述指标简化为新梢被毛、果实被毛等18个性状;聚类结果显示,贵州猕猴桃种质的欧氏距离为1.00~25.00之间,在D=19.25处,146份野生猕猴桃分为6个类群。本文有效揭示了贵州省猕猴桃种质资源丰富的多样性和亲缘关系,明确野生猕猴桃各种群间性状区分特征和部分优良资源性状的地理分布,对贵州猕猴桃种质资源的种质鉴定、保护利用和品种选育有重要意义。     

地方果蔗品种种质资源形态与农艺性状的多样性分析

为开发利用地方果蔗(Saccharum officinarum)的种质资源, 对42 份地方果蔗种质资源18 个质量性状的遗传多样性进行研究, 并对其农艺性状进行了聚类分析。结果表明, 各质量性状的遗传多样性指数均较大, 以曝光后节间颜色(2.074)和芽形状(2.011)的最高, 其次是叶鞘毛群、芽位、曝光前节间颜色、节间形状, 多样性指数为1.428~1.6153;再次为叶姿、蜡粉带、内叶耳形状, 多样性指数为1.1918~1.2869, 最小的为茎形、脱叶性和外叶耳, 皆为0.3712。聚类分析可将42 份地方果蔗种质资源划分为高杆密生型、中径中高型、中大径高杆型、矮杆稀疏型4 类。这为果蔗品种选育提供了科学依据。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.