暗腹雪鸡的繁殖及食性

暗腹雪鸡 Tetraogallus himalayensis 属国家保护动物,郑作新等(1978)、沈孝宙等(1963)对其生态仅有零星报道。1984年4月至 1989年 5月,我们在甘肃东大山(39°00′—39°04′N;100°45′—100°51′E.)、冷龙岭(39°34′—38°14′N;101°49′—102°22′E.)和野马山(39°40′—39°50′N;95°15′—95°45′E.)对暗腹雪鸡青海亚种 T.h.koslowi 的繁殖和食性进行了研究。 一、暗腹雪鸡繁殖期的生态分布 在东大山,暗腹雪鸡繁殖期主要分布于海拔 2 400—3 200m的亚高山草甸、山地草原和荒漠草原。其中,山地草原是营巢区,余为觅食区。冷龙岭植被与东大山相似,暗腹雪鸡的生态分布也类似。野马山植被单调,暗腹雪鸡仅分布于山地草原。     

暗腹雪鸡与海兰褐鸡血液生理生化指标的比较

为了解暗腹雪鸡（Tetraogallus himalayensis）正常血液生理生化特性,本文对暗腹雪鸡21项血液生理生化指标进行了测定,并与海兰褐鸡（Gallus gallus domesticus var. Hyline）进行了比较。测定结果,暗腹雪鸡的红细胞纵径及横纵径乘积、平均红细胞容积及平均红细胞血红蛋白含量极显著大于海兰褐鸡（P<0.01）;暗腹雪鸡天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和胆固醇含量均极显著高于海兰褐鸡（P<0.01）。其他各项血液生理生化指标两禽种间之间差异不显著。实验结果表明,暗腹雪鸡血液生理生化指标与家养蛋鸡之间有一定差异,暗腹雪鸡对高原低氧环境有较强的适应性可能与其红细胞体积较大、平均红细胞容积及平均红细胞血红蛋白含量较高有一定关系。     

中国鸟类新纪录—阿尔泰雪鸡

1990年6月下旬,在新疆北塔山发现阿尔泰雪鸡 Tetraogallus altaicus (Gebl.)系我国鸟类一新纪录。 雪鸡在全世界已知有5种,按腹部颜色分为喑腹和淡腹两个组,淡腹组的腹部呈白色,包括阿尔泰雪鸡丁 T. altaicus (Gebl. )和藏雪鸡 T. tibetanus Gould两种;暗腹组的腹部成暗色,具细小波纹状花     

暗腹雪鸡食管和胃的形态学及组织学观察

为了解暗腹雪鸡(Tetraogallus himalayensis)食管和胃的形态及组织结构特征,利用生物显微技术对暗腹雪鸡的食管和胃进行了观察.结果表明,暗腹雪鸡嗉囊发达.食管壁由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜组成,黏膜层较厚,黏膜上皮为复层扁平上皮,固有膜内食管腺丰富,由腺细胞围成的腺管直接开口于黏膜上皮,食管肌层发达,由内环、外纵平滑肌组成.胃壁由黏膜层、肌层和外膜组成,胃的黏膜下层不发达或缺无,胃肌层的排列则为内纵外环.表明暗腹雪鸡食管和胃的结构可能与其消化功能及其生境密切相关.     

笼养暗腹雪鸡的繁殖

报道了暗腹雪鸡在笼养条件下的配对、领域、求偶行为、巢和卵、卵的受精率及人工孵化等情况。     

藏雪鸡在西藏的数量分布

藏雪鸡(淡腹雪鸡)为高原特有种类,是鸡类中垂直分布最高的一种。在西藏一般分布在4000米以上的裸岩砾石带中,但活动范围可及5500米乃至6000米高山。唯冬季有时下降到3500米左右的高原草原,甚至到草甸草原中觅食和活动。     

暗腹雪鸡的人工孵化技术

本文报道了暗腹雪鸡的人工孵化技术,91枚卵的平均受精率为41．76％,平均孵化率73．68％,平均孵化期27．0天,初生雏平均重48．4g。     

黑鹳诸鸟的繁殖地新报

1985—1989年笔者曾连续多次参加塔里木盆地周缘动物调查,共收集鸟类标本千余号,约有200余种和亚种,其中的夜鹭(Nycticorax n. nycticorax, 1♂,沙雅1989),暗腹雪鸡(Tetraogallus himalayensis sewerzowi, 1♀,天山托木尔峰     

东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡遗传多样性及系统发育地位

东帕米尔高原作为生物多样性丰富的区域之一,喜马拉雅雪鸡和藏雪鸡在此混群分布。以东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡为研究对象,采用PCR和测序技术,研究了mt DNA D-loop区序列特征,下载Gen Bank已提交的雪鸡序列,利用最大似然法构建系统发育树和中介网络关系,以阐明东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡遗传多样性水平和系统进化地位。结果表明:东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡mt DNA D-loop序列富含A、T碱基,含量为59.8%,存在64个多态位点,占核苷酸总数的5.5%,其中单一多态位点29个,简约信息位点33个,两处插入或缺失,转换发生的频率远远高于颠换;25个个体存在23种单倍型,平均单倍型多样度(Hd)为0.92±0.0001,平均核苷酸多样度(π)为0.00958,平均核苷酸差异度(K)为11.067,说明东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡核苷酸多样性较低,单倍型多样性高,具有较为丰富的遗传多样性;系统发育分析显示喜马拉雅雪鸡与藏雪鸡分为明显的两大簇群,本研究涉及的东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡出现遗传分化,呈现明显的2个进化支;中介网络关系分析显示雪鸡具有明显的地理分布特征,本研究雪鸡84%的单倍型聚在以东帕米尔高原为中心的进化支上。因此,建议扩大塔什库尔干野生动物自然保护区(位于东帕米尔高原境内)范围,建立国家级自然保护区,恢复生态环境,以提高雪鸡栖息地的生存适宜性。     

中国雪鸡的分类、地理分布和生态

鸡形目的种类繁多,绝大部分都是典型的森林和森林草原动物,向高山生存条件而特化的种类极少,而整个系统类群(如属)向高山特化的只有雪鸡(Tetrao-gallus)这一属,它们是世界分布最高的鸡类。本属共五种,分布于中国者有两种,但过去国内有关它们的记载极少,标本也是最近几年内才采集到的。这里把我国雪鸡的分类、地理分布根据我们的调查资料和文献材料加以整理,并对其生态略加介绍。雪鸡是一种最大的鹑类,翼长全部超过240毫米;尾羽较多,达20-22枚,根据这一特征,容易从鹑类中辨认出来。现代的整个雪鸡属包括五个种,按(1952)意见,该属有两个基本分支:蒙古-西藏分支     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.