不同耕作方式对稻田土壤动物、微生物及酶活性的影响研究

以长期定位试验为基本材料,研究了不同耕作方式对土壤动物、微生物及酶活性的影响．结果表明,0～20cm土壤层内大、中、小型土壤动物垄作免耕为14700个·m^-22,冬水免耕为10450个·m^-22水旱轮作为7950个·m^-22常规平作为6275个·m^-22,垄作免耕处理土壤动物的数量是常规平作的2．34倍．土壤微生物数量和土壤微生物生物量氮因季节而异,总体上是春秋多而夏季少,土壤酶活性表现出表层高,底层低．土壤微生物数量、土壤微生物生物量氮及土壤酶活性不同处理间仍是垄作免耕>水旱轮作>冬水免耕>常规平作,表明垄作免耕有利于改善稻田土壤生态环境。有利于土壤肥力的提高。     

白云山土壤微生物的季节变化及其对环境污染的反应

初步调查了广州市白云山土壤中细菌、放线菌和真菌等微生物．在人为活动频繁的样地土壤微生物的多样性及其生物量均大于森林内的３个样地．土壤微生物的生物量高峰期出现在秋冬季节．用不同污染程度的水处理土壤１５ｄ后,以蒸馏水（ｐＨ７．０）处理为对照,土壤微生物种类多样性的顺序为：蒸馏水＞溪水（ｐＨ５．４）＞雨水（ｐＨ４．８）＞污水（ｐＨ４．２）;而土壤微生物的生物量则无显著变化     

南亚热带常绿阔叶林优势种群的生物量与生物量增量

粘木种群的生物量为７０．１４ｔ／ｈｍ２,生物量增量为２．３２ｔｈｍ２ａ－１。其总生物量的９０％以上分布在ｄ≥２０ｃｍ的大树,仅有０．０４％～０．０５％分布在ｄ＜１０ｃｍ的小树。在各器官的分配是：树干为６５％,根为２５％,枝为１１％,而叶仅占有２％。粘木的平均径向增长为０．３５ｃｍ／ａ。应用树干解析法和形率法估算树干的生物量,两者的结果差别不大。但形率法则既省力省时,又较方便。粘木的形率为０．７１。     

厚荚相思根瘤菌对盆栽苗木生长及土壤肥力的影响

从不同立地条件采集到的厚荚相思根瘤分离出9株根瘤菌株,接种于厚荚相思幼茁,6个月后测定苗木生长量及土壤N、P、K含量。试验结果表明：接菌桃株的高生长量、生物量都比对照(未接种根瘤菌)增加,其巾高生长量除R2外,增加幅度为0．89～40．18％,生物量增加52．33～147．67％,接种结瘤率、瘤的生物量也比对照高,结瘤率可达100％,根瘤生物量比对照高163．6～520％。土壤N、P、K元素分析结果表明,接种根瘤菌后土壤的营养元素发生了很大的变化,改善了土壤肥力。通过对接种不同菌株的厚荚相思苗木的茁高、生物量、土壤的全氮、速效磷、速效钾等元素的含量比较分析后筛选出R6和R7菌株为优良菌株。     

辽河三角洲盐碱地防护林体系建设技术研究

辽河三角洲盐碱地上造林、土壤改良及营林工程技术试验结果表明,在土壤含盐量０．３％以下的干渠上应栽植辽宁杨、中林４６号杨、群众杨;结合土壤改良措施,在土壤含盐量０．４％左右的海堤上栽植刺槐、河南白榆,在含盐量为０．５２～０．７３％油田道路两侧则栽植绒毛白蜡;在土壤含盐量为０．９％左右的拦海防潮堤上,栽植中国柽柳．     

土壤微生物生物量测定的简单方法——精氨酸氨化分析

同时测定１３种不同土壤精氨酸氨化速率、ＡＴＰ含量、微生物生物量碳和葡萄糖诱导呼吸速率。精氨酸氨化速率０．１～１７．１ｍｇＮＨ４－Ｎ／ｈ·ｋｇ土,与土壤ＡＴＰ含量、微生物生物量碳和葡萄糖诱导呼吸速率之间,存在极显著的相关性。比起其它土壤微生物生物量分析方法,精氨酸氨化法既简单、快速,又不需要昂贵的设备,可作为土壤微生物生物量测定方法。但是,当土壤含有大量易分解有机物质时,加入精氨酸时,ＮＨ４－Ｎ产生量极少,多被微生物固定。故此方法不适于此类土壤     

玉米农田土壤呼吸作用的空间异质性及其根系呼吸作用的贡献

基于4月底到9月底东北地区玉米农田土壤呼吸作用全生长季的观测,阐明了土壤呼吸作用的空间异质性特征,综合分析了水热因子、土壤性质、根系生物量及其测定位置对土壤呼吸作用空间异质性的影响,并对生长季中根系呼吸作用占土壤呼吸作用的比例进行了估算。结果表明,在植株尺度上,土壤呼吸作用存在着明显的空间异质性,较高的土壤呼吸速率通常出现在靠近玉米植株的地方。根系生物量的分布格局是影响土壤呼吸作用空间异质性的关键因素。在空间尺度上,土壤呼吸作用与根系生物量呈显著的线性关系,而土壤湿度、土壤有机质、全氮和碳氮比对土壤呼吸作用空间异质性的影响并不显著。通过建立土壤呼吸作用与玉米根系生物量的回归方程,对根系呼吸作用占土壤呼吸作用的比例进行了间接估算。玉米生长季中,根系呼吸作用占土壤呼吸作用的比例在43．1％～63．6％之间波动,均值为54．5％。     

施用硫肥对几种作物与牧草产量和硫素含量的影响

为了研究不同作物的需S状况。对我国北方3种主要农作物(小麦、玉米、油菜)和牧草(苜蓿)进行了5个施硫水平(0、5、10、20和40mg·kg^-1)的盆栽试验．结果表明。增施一定量的硫肥可以提高作物生物量和产量．4种作物生物量增加5％～32％．小麦和油菜籽粒产量增加3％～20％．同时。增施硫肥可以使作物体内S素增加,但不同作物含硫量明显不同,油菜含硫量最高(0．479％～1．228％)。玉米含硫量最低(0．043％～0．091％)．同一作物不同部位含硫量不同。但同一作物不同部位含硫量呈显著的线性正相关．如油菜I、油菜Ⅱ和小麦植株与其种子含硫量的相关性都达极显著水平,R2值分别为0．399、0．654和0．547(n=15)．作物生物量、产量与施硫量相关性除苜蓿外．都达显著或极显著水平;作物生物量、产量与作物体内硫素含量除苜蓿外也显著或极显著相关;作物从土壤中吸收的S开始时随土壤的有效硫增加而增加,但达到一定程度时。随着有效硫的增加吸收的S略有下降．     

城郊公路两侧主要森林类型铅含量及分布规律

对南京城郊３１２国道两侧主要森林类型林木不同器官中Ｐｂ含量和分布规律的研究表明,不同树种、同一树种不同器官中Ｐｂ含量有明显差异．火炬松对Ｐｂ污染的净化能力强于杉木、栎树．汽车尾气排放的Ｐｂ污染影响范围在离公路两侧１００ｍ以内,主要在４０ｍ以内范围．有林地土壤由于有林木及林下植被的覆盖,其Ｐｂ含量（尤其是表层０～２０ｃｍ范围内）明显降低,说明林分可有效地降低土壤中Ｐｂ的污染程度．林木不同器官对Ｐｂ尘的吸附率在１８０％～２８１％之间,以叶片吸附能力最强;不同树种比较,以松树吸附率为高     

鸡粪对铜污染土壤微生物生物量碳的影响

采用室内恒温好气培养法,研究了2．0％、4．0％、6．0％添加量鸡粪对铜污染土壤微生物生物量碳的影响。结果表明：向土壤中施入2．0％、4．0％、6．0％的鸡粪后,有机碳总量比对照分别增加了0．85、1．49、2．04倍,而可浸提有机碳含量分别增加了3．13、5．70、8．23倍,鸡粪的添加促进了土壤可浸提有机碳含量的增加,土壤可浸提有机碳含量和鸡粪添加量呈正相关（r=0．994^＊＊,n=12）。各处理土壤有机碳和可浸提有机碳含量随培养时间逐渐下降,90d后有机碳含量趋于稳定;土壤可浸提有机碳含量120d后趋于稳定。鸡粪显著促进了土壤微生物生物量碳含量和土壤微生物商的增加（P〈0．01）,与对照相比,2．0％、4．0％和6．0％鸡粪处理土壤微生物生物量碳含量分别增加2．88、5．19、6．98倍,土壤微生物生物量碳（SMBC）含量和土壤微生物商（SMQ）都与鸡粪的添加量呈正相关（rSMBC=0．998^＊＊,rSMQ=0．858,n=12）。在培养过程中士壤微生物生物量碳与土壤微生物商都呈现先下降再升高再下降的趋势。在培养试验的早期,鸡粪的添加有利于缓解铜污染土壤微生物生物量碳的下降,添加鸡粪的处理在培养的第10d后土壤微生物生物量碳含量开始上升,而对照则在30d以后才开始上升;添加鸡粪的处理在培养前期微生物生物量碳的最大下降幅度分别为：2．0％处理（52．74％）、4．0％处理（45．92％）、6．0％处理（55．52％）,而对照的下降幅度为92．02％。培养后期添加鸡粪处理土壤微生物生物量碳仍保持较高的水平。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.