扬子区志留纪十字珊瑚类属种的修订及其新资料

以萼内分裂繁殖为主的十字珊瑚类在我国扬子区广泛分布于志留系兰多维列统的香树园组、雷家屯组、石牛栏组及宁强组等,层位稳定,演化迅速,具有重要的地层意义。文章对我国扬子区发表的志留纪十字珊瑚类属种进行系统整理和修订,十字珊瑚亚科（Stauriinae）分为7属：Ceriaster Lindstr6m,1883,Eostauria Heet Li,1983,Massparaceriaster Tanggen．nov．,ParaceriasterY．X．He,1980,Stauria Edwards et Haime,1850,Cystostauria He et Li,1983和Parastauria He et Li,1974,同时讨论7属的属征,并对一些种群进行归并。此外,描述采自扬子区志留系兰多维列统的十字珊瑚6属8种,其中1新属,3个新种,它们是：Massparaceriaster Tanggen．nov．,Eostauriastauriata Tangsp．nov．,Paraceriastermicropora Tangsp．nov．和Paraceriasterbaishaensis Tangsp．nov．。     

扬子区中、晚奥陶世和兰多维利世四射珊瑚起源、扩散及生物古地理关系

扬子区中奥陶世—志留纪兰多维利世四射珊瑚产出丰富 ,尤以兰多维利世最为繁盛。目前已报道的1 2 3属 (包括中奥陶世 4属 ,晚奥陶世 2 5属 ,兰多维利世 94属 )中 ,有 30属最早出现在扬子区 ,尔后扩散到欧洲、北美和其它邻区。例如 :Calostylis最早出现在川南的中奥陶世 (Llandeilo)地层中 ;Aphyllum和Cantrillia最早出现在浙西的晚奥陶世中Ashgill地层 ;扭心珊瑚类Briantelasma ,Pycnactis和Tunguselasma等 ,最早出现在黔东北晚Ruddanian地层 ;柱珊瑚类Ceriaster、Stauria、Amplexoides、Synamplexoides等 ,泡沫珊湖类Maikottia ,Rhizophyl lum等均最早出现在黔东北的中兰多维利统 (MiddleLlandovery)。根据这些资料 ,我们认为扬子区应该是奥陶纪和志留纪四射珊瑚起源中心之一。文中论述扬子区中奥陶世—兰多维利世四射珊瑚动物群特征及其生物古地理关系。该区中奥陶世珊瑚以穿孔珊瑚类的Calostylis和Yohophyllum为特征。下扬子区浙西晚奥陶世三衢山组 (中Ashgill)四射珊瑚群有某些澳大利亚分子Hillophyllum和Bowanophyllum ;而上扬子区晚Ashgill观音桥层的四射珊瑚动物群与北欧同期珊瑚群有高度的相似性。这表明扬子区当时与欧洲具有较密切的古生物地理关系。扬子区兰多维利世四射珊瑚群与西伯利亚。     

再论扬子区中、晚奥陶世和志留纪兰多维列世四射珊瑚的源区及对一些珊瑚属的讨论

扬子区中、晚奥陶世和兰多维列世四射珊瑚产出丰富,尤以卡拉道克期(Caradoc)--兰多维列世(Llandovery)最为繁盛.文中修正厘定的四射珊瑚共113属[包括中奥陶世2属,晚奥陶世25属,兰多维列世86属].其中有39个属(包括何心一、陈建强,2004已报道的27属和本文新补充的12属)最早出现在扬子区,尔后扩...     

论扬子区中晚奥陶世和志留纪四射珊瑚的分类及一些科属的演化

扬子区中奥陶世至早、晚志留世产有丰富的四射珊瑚,尤其Ashgill期中、晚期和Llandovery世的Aero-nian—Telychian期产出珊瑚最盛。据已报道统计,该地区共有四射珊瑚124属,包括中、晚奥陶世31属,早志留世(Llandovery世)87属,晚志留世6属。其中有一些属的分类位置以及属征各家仍存在分歧。对扬子区中、晚奥陶世和志留纪四射珊瑚群已发表和笔者手中尚存资料进行系统整理之后,提出该区奥陶纪、志留纪四射珊瑚的分类意见并加以讨论,共分3个目:即扭心珊瑚目(Streptelasmatida),柱珊瑚目(Columnariida)和泡沫珊瑚目(Cystiphyllida)。其中扭心珊瑚目含有46属,分属7个科,柱珊瑚目包含37属,分属14个科,而泡沫珊瑚目包含41属,分属9个科。此外,文中提出扬子区中、晚奥陶世和早志留世四射珊瑚某些科、属的演化趋向并加以适当讨论。     

黔东北志留纪兰多维列世的似发珊瑚属(Pilophyllia Ge et Yü,1974)新资料

Pilophyllia Ge et Yü, 1974具有典型的包珊瑚型隔壁,是包珊瑚科的主要分子.该属广泛分布于上扬子区志留纪兰多维列世地层.首次对采自贵州石阡中兰多维列世(Llandovery)爱隆期(Aeronian)香树园组和雷家屯组的大量Pilophyllia Ge et Yü, 1974标本进行详细研究,经鉴定,共计有9种,其中包括6新种,1未定种,它们是: Pilophyllia simplex Chen, 1986, P.fenggangensis Ge et Yü, 1974, P.vesiculosa Tang sp.nov., P.conica Tang sp.nov., P.ultimuma Tang sp.nov., P.stylaris Tang sp.nov., P.raritabulata Tang sp.nov., P.leijiatunensis Tang sp.nov., Pilophyllia sp..此外,根据新的研究材料补充和修订Pilophyllia部分属征,并将石阡地区香树园组和雷家屯组的Pilophyllia种群特征与川北、陕南宁强组(Telychian阶)的进行比较.     

论志留纪陕西珊瑚属Shensiphyllum Ge et Yǖ，1974

Shensiphyllum Ge et Yǖ,1974为丛状复体珊瑚,以发育一列马蹄型鳞板,羽榍扇形排列为主要特征,是志留纪四射珊瑚已知唯一发育马蹄型鳞板的属。该属在我国上扬子区广泛分布于上兰多维列统（Llandovery）特列奇阶（Telychian）中,主要产自川北、陕南的宁强组、云南大关的大路寨组（中、上Telychian阶））、湖北长阳的纱帽组及四川朝天的王家湾组（下特列奇阶）。文中报道和描述川北朝天王家湾组中发现的3个新种Shensiphyllum simplex sp．nov．,S．proliferum sp．nov．,S．intermedium sp．nov．。王家湾组是已知Shensiphyllum Ge et Yǖ产出的最低层位。详细讨论该属的骨骼构造特征、生长繁殖方式,探讨该属起源及其演化,根据新资料修订该属的属征,赞同将该属置Phacellophyllidae Wedekind科。     

滇东北大关地区志留纪兰多维列世晚期(Telychian期)的四射珊瑚动物群

对大关地区的Telychian期嘶风崖组和大路寨组的四射珊瑚进行详细研究。嘶风崖组计有四射珊瑚18属34种,大路寨组计有四射珊瑚9属10种。描述四射珊瑚12 属19 种,其中1 新属, 5 新种,分别是:Protoketo phyllum daguanense gen. et sp. nov., Crassilasma huanggexiense sp. nov., Pseudophaulactis heae sp. nov., P.convolutus sp. nov., Shensiphyllum minor sp. nov.。论述了嘶风崖组和大路寨组四射珊瑚动物群特征及其地质意义,尤其是嘶风崖组的四射珊瑚代表了上扬子区Telychian早期的四射珊瑚动物群,完善了上扬子区志留纪兰多维列世四射珊瑚的序列和对研究该阶段四射珊瑚辐射期的进一步分析具有重要意义。     

黔东北志留纪兰多维列世的似发珊瑚属(Pilophyllia Ge et Y,1974)新资料

Pilophyllia Ge et Y,1974具有典型的包珊瑚型隔壁,是包珊瑚科的主要分子。该属广泛分布于上扬子区志留纪兰多维列世地层。首次对采自贵州石阡中兰多维列世(Llandovery)爱隆期(Aeronian)香树园组和雷家屯组的大量Pilophyllia Ge et Y,1974标本进行详细研究,经鉴定,共计有9种,其中包括6新种,1未定种,它们是:Pilophyllia simplex Chen,1986,P.fenggangensis Ge et Y,1974,P.vesiculosa Tang sp.nov.,P.conica Tang sp.nov.,P.ultimuma Tang sp.nov.,P.stylaris Tangsp.nov.,P.raritabulata Tangsp.nov.,P.lei-jiatunensis Tang sp.nov.,Pilophyllia sp.。此外,根据新的研究材料补充和修订Pilophyllia部分属征,并将石阡地区香树园组和雷家屯组的Pilophyllia种群特征与川北、陕南宁强组(Telychian阶)的进行比较。     

滇东曲靖地区晚志留世四射珊瑚动物群

对滇东曲靖地区晚志留世(Ludlow晚期一Prodoli早期)四射珊瑚群详细研究并对某些珊瑚属种作了修订。文中特别对关底组和妙高组的珊瑚群特征及其分布加以论述。滇东曲靖地区晚志留世四射珊瑚共有22属,44种(包括关底组、妙高组与玉龙寺组产的珊瑚)。其中泡沫珊瑚类Holmophyllum,Cystiphyllum和Ketophyllum占优势,其次是柱珊瑚类Kyphophyllum,Micula和Pilophyllum等属,而扭心珊瑚类代表很少,仅有Brachyelasma,Rukhinia和Phaulactis属首次发现在滇东晚志留世地层中。滇东曲靖地区晚志留世四射珊瑚群与西秦岭同期四射珊瑚有密切联系,同时,与乌拉尔(Ural)同期珊瑚群也有些相似。文中共描述四射珊瑚17属,23种,其中3新种,即Cystiphyllum minutum sp．nov．,Ketophyllum qujingense sp．nov．,Phaulactis vesicularis sp．nov．。     

论志留纪陕西珊瑚属Shensiphyllum Ge et Yü,1974

ShensiphyllumGeetYü,1974为丛状复体珊瑚,以发育一列马蹄型鳞板,羽榍扇形排列为主要特征,是志留纪四射珊瑚已知唯一发育马蹄型鳞板的属。该属在我国上扬子区广泛分布于上兰多维列统(Llandovery)特列奇阶(Telychian)中,主要产自川北、陕南的宁强组、云南大关的大路寨组(中、上Telychian阶))、湖北长阳的纱帽组及四川朝天的王家湾组(下特列奇阶)。文中报道和描述川北朝天王家湾组中发现的3个新种Shensiphyllumsimplexsp.nov.,S.proliferumsp.nov.,S.intermediumsp.nov.。王家湾组是已知ShensiphyllumGeetY櫣产出的最低层位。详细讨论该属的骨骼构造特征、生长繁殖方式,探讨该属起源及其演化,根据新资料修订该属的属征,赞同将该属置PhacellophyllidaeWedekind科。     

现代化分支杆菌菌库和基因库的建立与管理

医院分支杆菌菌库和基因库的建立 ,应用了计算机管理 ,不仅使各类菌及其相关资料得到系统管理 ,也为进一步研究和临床制定治疗计划提供了可靠信息 ,是医院现代化建设不可缺少的一环。     

紫杉醇及其衍生物的研究概况与发展趋势

本文分别从生物资源,药理学,化学合成和组织培养方面对红豆杉植物中紫杉醇及其衍生物的研究工作进行了综述,从中可以了解紫杉醇及其衍生物的研究概况与发展趋势。     

MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF NEW SPECIES OF SCHIZAEA AND ACTINOSTACHYS

The gametophyte, old embryo, and sporophyte of Schizaea pseudodichotoma sp. nov., sporophyte and female parental gametophyte of S. diversispora hybr. nov. (S. pseudodicholoma X probably S. dichotoma), sporophyte of S. rhacoindusiata sp. nov., and gametophyte, old embryo, and sporophyte of Actinostachys macrofunda sp. nov. are described. The taxonomy of Schizaea is discussed and the system of Diels is strongly supported. The two sectional names used by Diels, Euschizaea Hook, and Lophidium Rich, are replaced by Pectinatae Prantl and Schizaea respectively. The prime morphological significance of Schizaea pseudodicholoma lies in its leafless embryo and its simple leaf differing from other species in its section, and that of Actinostachys macrofunda lies in its reduction to nearly complete heterotrophic existence and its frequent multiple annulus. Fungal hyphae have been traced from Schizaea and Actinostachys through the substratum and into root nodules of Casuarina and into roots of two other angiosperms.     

四种鹭类繁殖生态生物学研究

本文对夜鹭,白鹭,黄鹭白鹭,池鹭混群在同一巢区的繁殖,种间协高及雏鸟生长进行进行了观察研究,其中黄嘴白路豫南大别山类新纪录,在此繁殖亦为首次发现。几种路在巢位,食性,取食活动和习性方面都表现出其混居同一巢地繁殖的种间协调性,符合高期假说。比较４种鹭鸟雏鸟生长过程中各生长参数。其中池鹭虽个体最小,但体重和各部位生长却对较快。     

DISTRIBUTION OF AMINO ACIDS AND OF EXO- AND ENDOPEPTIDASES ALONG VERTEBRATE AND INVERTEBRATE NERVES

Abstract— The proximo-distal gradients for representative peptidases, peptidylpeptide hydrolases, and amino acids were measured in segments of peripheral nerve from invertebrates and vertebrates and in the lobster brain and ventral cord.
Crustacean nerve was characterized by a large pool of free amino acids totaling 100–200 μmoles/g wet wt. In lobster nerve, the principal free amino acid was aspartic acid which comprised 55 per cent of the free pool, whereas in the rat sciatic nerve it comprised only 5 per cent. The principal free amino acid in rat sciatic nerve was taurine (32 per cent of the pool) and in lobster brain glycine comprised 30 per cent of the pool. No consistent patterns emerged for the gradients along the nerves for amino acids and hydrolytic enzymes. In the leg nerve of the lobster, concentrations of aspartic acid and arginine were higher in the proximal region, and concentrations of proline and alanine were higher in the distal region. Concentrations of most amino acids were higher in the proximal regions of crab nerve, of lobster brain and ventral cord, and of rat sciatic nerve.
Rat sciatic nerve exhibited a pronounced proximo-distal increase in activity of aminopeptidase (Leu-Gly-Gly). In lobster leg nerve, activity of neutral proteinase was higher in the proximal segment, whereas activity of acid proteinase was higher in the distal segment. The best examples of proximo-distal gradients were found in lobster brain and ventral cord; activities of endopeptidases, arylamidases (Leu- and Arg-βNA), and aminopeptidase were higher in the supra-esophageal ganglia or cephalothorax segments than in the distal regions.     

糖蜜草（Melinis minutiflora Beauv．）幼穗分化发育．及花和果实形态的研究

本文对糖密草（ＭｅｌｉｎｉｓｍｉｎｕｔｉｆｌｏｒａＢｅａｕｖ．）的幼穗分化发育及花和果实的形态作了研究,将幼穗分化发育过程划分为以下九个时期：第一苞原基形成期;第一次枝梗原基形成期;第二、三次枝梗原基形成期;小穗及颖花原基形成期;雌、雄蕊原基形成期;花粉母细胞形成期;花粉母细胞减数分裂期;花粉充实期;花粉成熟期。全过程历时约需４２ｄ．从抽穗到颖果成熟约需５０ｄ。糖蜜草的花序为圆锥花序。每花序有可育花２０００—３０００朵．小穗是由小穗轴、内外颖片、不育花外稃和小花构成。小花包括有内外稃各一片、一鳞被、雄蕊三枚和一枚雌蕊,颖果千粒重为９１ｍｇ。     

ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FLOWER AND FRUIT OF PERESKIA PITITACHE

Boke, Norman H. (U. Oklahoma, Norman.) Anatomy and development of the flower and fruit of Pereskia pititache. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50 (8): 843–858. Illus. 1963.—Flowers of P. pititache are about 6 cm in diameter and perigynous. The receptacle bears numerous broad bracts; the inner perianth segments are orange and deeply cleft; the numerous stamens develop centrifugally. The fundamentally superior gynoecium is broad and flat and consists of 10–18 connate carpels, the fertile portions of which are involute and adnate to the conical floral axis. The 8–16 ovules in each of the pocket-like locules are borne in 2 rows along the zone of adnation; placentation is axile. The short style and the style branches are lined with stigmatic tissue, which extends downward among the ovules. There is no definite stigma. The tip of the floral axis retains its meristematic characteristics beyond anthesis. In early fruit development, the rim of the floral cup grows in height, while the residual floral axis becomes a conspicuous peg-like columella. Concomitantly, the formation of numerous mucilage cells and cavities causes the ovary partitions and parts of the ovary roof to disintegrate. As a result, the seeds are contained in a single, moat-like cavity, which appears inferior. Late fruit development is characterized by the differentiation of numerous fiber sclereids in association with the extensive and complex vascular system.