杆状病毒增效蛋白研究进展

昆虫杆状病毒增效蛋白（ｅｎｈａｎｃｉｎ）曾被称为病毒促进因子（ｓｙｎｅｒｇｉｓｔｉｃｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＳｙＦ）或病毒增效因子（ｖｉｒａｌｅｎｈａｎｃｉｎｇｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＶＥＦ）,它长期以来被认为只存在于昆虫颗粒体病毒（Ｇｒａｎｕｌｏｓｉｓｖｉｒｕｓ,ＧＶ）中的一类蛋白质,已知有８种ＧＶ中含有增效蛋白。自Ｔａｎａｄａ［１～４］１９５９年从美洲一星粘虫（Ｐｓｅｕｄａｌｅｔｉａｕｎｉｐｕｎｃｔａ,Ｐｕ）ＧＶ中分离出增效蛋白并证实它有增强ＰｕＭＮＰＶ的感染力后,一直很受人们关注。从它的作用机理到氨基酸序列…     

西洋参胚性细胞和胚状体细胞中的核内含体与细胞质内含体

１９２１年,Ｍｏｌｉｓｈ首先在光镜下发现植物叶片细胞核中有一种晶体状的内含物（见Ｗｅｉｎｔｒａｕｂ等［１］）。后来人们陆续在某些动、植物的细胞核中观察到了这种结构［２—４］,并称之为核内含体（ｉｎｔｒａｎｕｃｌｅａｒｉｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｓ）。Ｂｉｇａｚｚｉ［３］曾在４５种桔梗科植物的细胞中看到了核内含体。但在离体培养的植物细胞中发现内含体的报道很少,至今仅在榛子组织培养分生细胞中看到了类似的结构［５］。我们在对西洋参体细胞胚胎发生进行超微结构研究的过程中发现,在胚性愈伤组织和胚状体细胞的核和细胞质…     

黄地老虎颗粒体病毒DNA片段的克隆与颗粒体蛋白基因的定位

用ｐＵＣ１９质粒作载体,克隆了黄地老虎颗粒体病毒（Ａｇｒｏｌｉｓｓｅｇｅｔｕｍｇｒａｎｕｌｏｓｉｓｖｉｒｕｓ,简称ＡｓＧＶ）ＤＮＡＰｓｔＩ－Ｄ．Ｅ．Ｆ．Ｇ．Ｈ．Ｊ．Ｋ．等７个片段。以［￣（３２）Ｐ］－ｄＣＴＰ标记的油桐尺蠖核型多角体病毒（Ｂｕｚｕｒａｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓａｒｉａｎｕｃｌｃａｒｐｏｌｙｈｅｄｒｏｓｉｓｖｉｒｕｓ简称ＢｓＮＰＶ）多角体蛋白基因为探针,在３７℃条件下对ＡｓＧＶ）颗粒体蛋白基因进行了定位,将其分别定位于ＢｓｌⅡ－Ｓ或ＴＰｓＴＩ－Ａ或Ｂ和ＥｃｉＲＩ－Ａ片段上。     

苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒囊膜内核衣壳排列图式的电镜观察

核型多角体病毒有单核衣壳包埋型和多核衣壳包埋型之分,单核衣壳包埋型是在一个病毒囊膜内只包含一个核衣壳,而多核衣壳包埋型的特点是在一个病毒囊膜内包含有２个以上的核衣壳,由于多个核衣壳成束地被包装在同一个病毒囊膜内,又称病毒束［１,２］。Ｈｕｎｔｅｒ等表明在干果斑螟核型多角体病毒中,病毒囊膜内包含２～２３个核衣壳［３］。Ｆｒａｓｅｒ将苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒接种于秋粘虫细胞系,超薄切片电镜观察,病毒囊膜内包含的核衣壳数变动于２～１７粒,但未研究其核衣壳在病毒囊膜内的排列结构［４］。本研究用苜蓿丫纹…     

多态DNA病毒对寄生蜂宿主生理功能的影响

多态ＤＮＡ病毒（ｐｏｌｙｄｎａｖｉｒｕｓ，ＰＤＶ）由一组特异的病毒组成，其生活史与某些寄生蜂种类有着密不可分的联系。大量研究表明该种病毒是决定某些寄生蜂能否在寄主体内成功寄生的关键因子之一［１］。本文将综述已有的研究报道，重点阐明ＰＤＶ随寄生蜂产卵而...     

蓝藻病毒（噬藻体）的研究进展

蓝藻（Ｂｕｌｅｇｒｅｅｎａｌｇａｅ）是一类原核生物,具有细菌的一些特征,因此又常称为蓝细菌（Ｃｙａｎｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ）,相应地,把感染蓝细菌的病毒称为噬藻体（Ｃｙａｎｏｐｈａｇｅ）［１～２］,这是由于噬藻体与噬菌体非常相似的缘故。除蓝藻外,所有...     

栗疫菌低毒力dsRNA与真菌病毒dsRNA的序列同源性

以我国栗疫菌［Ｃｒｙｐｈｏｎｅｃｔｒｉａ（＝Ｅｎｄｏｔｈｉａ）ｐａｒａｓｉｔｉｃａ］低毒力菌株ＥｐＣ１４０（广西）的［γ─￣３２Ｐ］ＡＴＰ末端标记ｄｓＲＮＡ作探针,与５种真菌病毒ｄｓＲＮＡ进行分子杂交。探针可与紫孢侧耳病毒（Ｐｌｅｕｒｏｔｕｓｓｅｐｉｄｕｓｖｉｕｓ）和小麦全蚀菌病毒（Ｇａｅｕｍａｎ─ｎｏｍｙｃｅｓｇｒａｍｉｎｉｓ·ｖｉｒｕｓ）的ｄｓＲＮＡ杂交,但不能与黑曲霉病毒（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓｎｉｇｅｒｖｉｒｕｓ）、产黄青霉病毒（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍｃｈｒｙｓｏｇｅｎｕｍｖｉｒｕｓ）和稻瘟菌病毒（Ｐｙｒｉｃｕｌａｒｉａｏｒｙｚａｅｖｉｒｕｓ）的ｄｓＲＮＡ杂交。当以低毒力菌株ＥｐＣ３２（云南）作探针时,结果相同。     

不同系统聚类算法对昆虫包涵体病毒模式的识别

随着分析微生物学技术的不断发展,毛细管裂解色谱法（PyrolysisGaschromatography,简称pyGC）业已用干鉴定微生物［‘－‘1和分析鉴别化学成分、结构极为复杂的生物大分子［’］,并证明了利用nyoc分析鉴定昆虫包涵体病毒的可行性K］。系统聚类分析是统计模式识别的重要方法之一,已广泛应用于化学模式的识别。我们使用欧氏距离系数的8种常规系统聚类算法,对48株典型昆虫包涵体病毒株,即26株核型多角体病毒（NPV）、13株颗粒体病毒（GV）和9株质型多角体病毒（CPV）,用PyGC制备的气象色谱（GC）图进行聚类分析,并对不同聚类算…     

粘虫核多角体病毒0.6kb SalI／HindⅢ片段序列的测定及分析

粘虫核多角体病毒０．６ｋｂＳａｌＩ／ＨｉｎｄⅢ片段序列的测定及分析李小锋,王家旺,金海陵,黄永秀,齐义鹏（武汉大学病毒研究所,武汉４３００７２）关键词粘虫,核多角体病毒,序列测定,早期基因核多角体病毒（ＮｕｃｌｅａｒＰｌｏｙｈｅｄｒｏｓｉｓＶｉｒｕｓ...     

甾体药物合成中一步分离的各种发酵工艺

甾体药物合成中一步分离的各种发酵工艺法幼华（中国科学院微生物研究所北京１０００８０）从１９５２年ｐｅｔｅｒｓｏｎ和Ｍｕｒｒｙ发现黑根霉（Ｒｈｉｚｏｐｕｓｎｉｇｒｉｃａｎｓ）能在甾体分子的Ｃ＿（１１）位导入羟基以后￣［１］,科学家们相继发现了能在甾体分...     

罗勒籽脂肪酸及其对蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶1B(PTP1B)抑制作用的研究

利用索氏提取法提取罗勒籽油,向罗勒籽油加入氢氧化钾甲醇溶液后并用水浴加热,加入正已烷和蒸馏水萃取,上清液即为罗勒籽油中脂肪酸,用气相色谱质谱法(CC/MS)对脂肪酸进行鉴定.共鉴定出了4种脂肪酸,其中α-亚麻酸为62.88％、亚油酸为20.66％、棕榈酸为10.67％、硬脂酸为5.79％.对罗勒籽脂肪酸进行PTP1B的抑制作用研究,结果表明脂肪酸对PTP1B有较强的抑制作用,其IC50为11.12 μg/mL.该研究为深入研究罗勒籽的药理作用提供了科学依据.     

The Fatty Acid Composition of Paramecium aurelia Cells and Cilia: Changes with Culture Age

SYNOPSIS.
The fatty acids of whole cells and cilia from Paramecium tetraurelia strains 51s and d,95 and from Paramecium octaurelia strain 299s were identified. Ciliates were grown axenically in 3 types of culture media. More than 30 fatty acid species were identified and their structures determined by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, argentation chromatography, hydro-genation, and fragmentation technics. The major fatty acids were hexadecanoic, octadecanoic, 9-octadecenoic, 9,12-octadecadi-enoic, 6,9,12-octadecatrienoic, and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acids. Minor variations in fatty acid compositions were observed in cells grown in the different culture media as well as among the 3 strains. Major changes in fatty acid compositions occurred with culture age and cell density. The cells accumulated exogenous lipids in cytoplasmic vesicles. These lipids were utilized as culture age progressed. Both cellular volume and lipid content were greater in young than in older cultures. Fatty acid compositions of both whole cells and cilia changed with age and had a relative decrease in saturated, short-chained and odd-numbered carbon acids. Cilia lipids were enriched in long-chained, polyunsaturated acids as compared to lipids in whole cell extracts. Eicosatetra-enoic acid (arachidonic acid) increased to the greatest extent with age in both cellular and ciliary lipids, accounting for 20–60% of the total fatty acids in cilia. The age-related change in fatty acid composition in Paramecium is among the largest observed in eukaryotic organisms. It was concluded that some minor fatty acids found in Paramecium lipids were incorporated directly from certain culture media and that Paramecium had w 3, 6, and 9 pathways for polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.     

莱菔子脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析

采用索氏提取法提取莱菔(Raphanussativus)种子中的脂肪酸成分,进行甲酯化处理后用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分离和鉴定脂肪酸成分的组成和含量。结果表明,从莱菔子中共分离鉴定出12种脂肪酸成分,占总量的99.32%,主要包括芥酸(32.47%)、油酸(29.07%)、亚油酸(9.45%)、亚麻酸(8.41%)、棕榈酸(4.31%)和硬脂酸(2.08%)等脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸占9.25%,不饱和脂肪酸高达90.07%。     

Cellular Lipid and Fatty Acid Compositions of Burkholderia pseudomallei Strains Isolated from Human and Environment in Viet Nam

Viet nam is known as an endemic area of melioidosis but its etiologic agent originated in Viet nam was not extensively studied. For the first time, we analyzed the cellular lipid and fatty acid compositions of 15 Vietnamese isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei, 10 from humans and 5 from the environment. Cellular lipid compositions were analyzed by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography on silica gel G plates. Cellular fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major lipids in all the isolates were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), two forms of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE-1 and PE-2), and two forms of ornithine-containing lipid (OL-1 and OL-2). PE-1 contained non-hydroxy fatty acids at both sn-1 and ?2 positions, while PE-2 possessed 2-hydroxy fatty acids and non-hydroxy fatty acids in a ratio of 1: 1. Since snake venom phospholipase A₂ digestion of PE-2 liberated 2-hydroxy fatty acids, it was confirmed that these acids are at the sn-2 position of glycerol moiety. In both OL-1 and OL-2, amide-linked fatty acid was 3-hydroxy palmitic acid (3-OH-C16: 0), while ester-linked fatty acids were non-hydroxy acids in OL-1 and 2-hydroxy acids in OL-2. The total cellular fatty acid compositions of the test strains were characterized by the presence of 2-hydroxy palmitic (2-OH-C16: 0), 2-hydroxy hexadecenoic (2-OH-C16: 1), 2-hydroxy octadecenoic (2-OH-C18: 1), 2-hydroxy methylene octadecanoic (2-OH-C19CPA), 3-hydroxy myristic (3-OH-C14: 0) and 3-hydroxy palmitic (3-OH-C16: 0) acids. There were significant differences in the concentration of hexadecenoic (C16: 1), methylene hexadecanoic (C17CPA), octadecenoic (C18: 1) and methylene octadecanoic (C19CPA) acids among the Vietnamese isolates of B. pseudomallei. However, no significant difference was observed in cellular lipid and fatty acid components between strains of human and environmental origins.     

石蜡酪杆菌B126产生的糖脂的理化性质

通过纸层析、硅胶薄层层析和气相色谱分析表明,石蜡酪杆菌(Caseobacter paraffinicum)B126至少产生两种糖脂,其主要产物是海藻糖脂。它由海藻糖和两种以上的脂肪酸(十六碳酸和十八碳酸)所组成。其表面张力和界面张力(对重液体石蜡)分别为28～29和1～2mN/m,临界胶束浓度(CMC)较低,为64mg/L。     

Mass spectrometry as a tool for identifying group D2 corynebacteria by their fatty acid profiles

Corynebacterium group D2 (CGD2) are lipophilic antibiotic-multiresistant bacteria involved in some infections of immunocompromised patients. The fatty acid composition and structure of different strains was established by several mass spectrometric methods, particularly negative ion tandem mass spectrometry coupled with capillary gas chromatography. Non-hydroxylated fatty acid profiles of three strains of CGD2 (ATCC 43042, ATCC 43043, ATCC 43044) were almost identical and revealed the presence of several straight chain unsaturated fatty acids from the omega-9 series, with even carbon numbers ranging from 14 to 24. Branched saturated fatty acids were mainly anteiso-heptadecanoic acid and tuberculostearic acid. Surprisingly, a relatively large quantity of 10-methylene octadecanoic acid was found. The non-hydroxylated fatty acid profile of one rare beta-lactam susceptible strain (SC1) was different; 10-methylene octadecanoic acid was lacking whereas tuberculostearic acid was much more abundant. In contrast, the four CGD2 strains displayed highly similar mycolic acid patterns. The major mycolic acid species corresponded to C32, C30 and C28 bis-unsaturated with a double bond on each branch at the omega-9 position. The comparison of the mycolic acid composition and structure with those of other medically important corynebacteria strains, revealed a characteristic pattern for CGD2 strains, and CGD2 strains were easily distinguished from Corynebacterium jeikeium (CIP 82.51).     

Fatty Acid Profiling of Commercially Important Raw and Boiled Seer Fish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scomberomorus commerson</Emphasis> (Lacepede, 1800) (Scombridae,Teleostei, Pisces)

The present study aims to determine the fatty acid profiling of commercially important fresh and boiled Scomberomorus commerson. Fatty acids in fresh and boiled fish were separated and quantitatively determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometer using standard methods. The findings revealed that the predominant fatty acids in fresh S. commerson were octadecanoic acid methyl ester, octanoic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and 3-cyclopentylpropionic acid representing respectively 45.91, 5.69, 6.75 and 8.65% of total fatty acids. Boiled S. commerson showed predominant changes in their fatty acid profiles. In the omega-3 and omega-6 families the dominant fatty acids were doconexent, 3-cyclopentylpropionic acid, octadeconoic acid methyl ester and Hexadecane representing respectively 3.87, 12.08, 44.26 and 3.11% of total fatty acids. After boiling, some fatty acids present in fresh fish are damaged and formed new fatty acids which belonged to ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Boiling increased the concentration of PUFAs from 73.25 to 80.37% of total fatty acids and also formed new fatty acids.     

Differentiation between B. pertussis and B. parapertussis according to their fatty acid composition

The fatty acid composition of 3 B. pertussis strains and 2 B. parapertussis strains grown on casein-carbon agar (CCA) with 8% of sheep blood added and without blood, as well as B. parapertussis strain grown on beef-extract agar (BEA) has been studied by gas chromatography. The fatty acid profiles characteristic of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis were greatly different, as B. parapertussis has a considerable amount of methylene-hexadenocanoic acid, while containing less hexadecenoic and octadecanoic acids and more tetradecanoic acid. The fatty acid composition of 2- to 5-day Bordetella cultures grown on CCA with and without blood has no essential differences. Differences in the content of various fatty acids in B. parapertussis grown on CCA and BEA had no essential influence on the fatty acid profile. The specificity of the fatty acid composition of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis allows to use this characteristics for their differentiation.     

猫儿屎和三叶木通种子油中脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析

采用索氏提取法提取木通科植物猫儿屎和三叶木通种子的脂溶性成分,甲酯化处理后用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分离和鉴定其组成和含量。从猫儿屎种子油中鉴定出9种脂肪酸,占检出物总质量分数的94.67%(其中饱和脂肪酸占12.63%,不饱和脂肪酸占82.04%),主要成分为9-十六烯酸(47.22%)、9-油酸(27.13%)、棕榈酸(10.75%)、亚油酸(7.47%)和硬脂酸(1.61%)。从三叶木通种子油中鉴定出10种脂肪酸,占检出物总质量分数的99.75%(其中饱和脂肪酸占23.39%,不饱和脂肪酸占76.36%),主要成分为11-油酸(47.63%)、亚油酸(27.05%)、棕榈酸(20.14%)、16-甲基-十七烷酸(3.03%)和8-油酸(1.07%)。结果表明,猫儿屎和三叶木通种子油中脂肪酸含量丰富,在食用、医疗保健等方面具有较高的应用潜力和综合开发前景。     

Erythrocyte omega-3, omega-6 and trans fatty acids in relation to risk of preeclampsia among women delivering at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe

We sought to examine the association between maternal erythrocyte omega-3, omega-6 and trans fatty acids and risk of preeclampsia. We conducted a case-control study of 170 women with proteinuric, pregnancy-induced hypertension and 185 normotensive pregnant women who delivered at Harare Maternity Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe. We measured erythrocyte omega-3, omega-6 and trans fatty acid as the percentage of total fatty acids using gas chromatography. After multivariate adjustment for confounding factors, women in the highest quartile group for total omega-3 fatty acids compared with women in the lowest quartile experienced a 14% reduction in risk of preeclampsia (odds ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.45 to 1.63). For total omega-6 fatty acids the odds ratio was 0.46 (95% confidence interval 0.23 to 0.92), although there was suggestion of a slight increase in risk of preeclampsia associated with high levels of arachidonic acid. Among women in the highest quartile for arachidonic acid the odds ratio was 1.29 (95% confidence interval 0.66 to 2.54). A strong statistically significant positive association of diunsaturated fatty acids with a trans double bond with risk of preeclampsia was observed. Women in the upper quartile of 9-cis 12-trans octadecanoic acid (C(18:2n6ct)) compared with those in the lowest quartile experienced a 3-fold higher risk of preeclampsia (odds ratio = 3.02, 95% confidence interval 1.41 to 6.45). Among women in the highest quartile for 9-trans 12-cis octadecanoic acid (C(18:2n6tc)) the odds ratio was 3.32 (95% confidence interval 1.55 to 7.13). Monounsaturated trans fatty acids were also positively associated with the risk of preeclampsia, although of much reduced magnitude. We observed a strong positive association of trans fatty acids, particularly diunsaturated trans fatty acids, with the risk of preeclampsia. We found little support for the hypothesized inverse association between omega-3 fatty acids and preeclampsia risk in this population. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, were comparatively lower in Zimbabwean than among US pregnant women. Given the limited inter-person variation in omega-3 fatty acids among Zimbabwean women, our sample size may be too small to adequately assess the relation in this population.