两种可吸收性外科缝线体外降解性能的实验研究

目的：研究2种可吸收性外科缝线的体外降解性能,分析其体外降解产物.方法：将2种可吸收性外科缝线分别按比例浸入Sorensen缓冲液中进行体外降解实验,设3个降解周期组,每组设3个重复,分别于4w, 8w, 12w过滤分离试样、碎片和溶液,计算试样的质量损耗率.测定聚合物降解碎片的粘均分子量,运用液相色谱法分析其降解产物.结果：试样体外降解的质量损耗率逐期增大;降解碎片的分子量逐期下降,并呈数量级下降;各期降解液中均检测出乙醇酸,且其含量逐期增加.结论：该可吸收性外科缝线的降解性能是安全可靠的,此体外降解试验方法可适用于聚合物降解产物的定性定量分析.     

几丁质缝合线的酶组织化学研究

采用酶组化方法,对几丁质缝线进行毒理学研究,并与羊肠线对比。结果显示:几丁质缝线无毒性、无刺激性、具有良好的生物相容性,较羊肠线组织反应小,吸收快,是一种新型的有广泛应用前景的可吸收性缝合线。     

生物降解可吸收形状记忆聚合物的生物相容性研究

目的:我们利用经美国FDA批准成为临床使用材料的聚己内酯为主要原料,发明了一种可吸收的形状记忆聚合物,添加的辅料偶联剂为烃氧基硅烷;多官能团单体选自含2个到3个烯键的有机酯,如季戊四醇三烯酸酯等;填料选用含有活性钙离子的化合物,如磷酸氢钙等,均为生物相容性良好,且可吸收的材料(专利号:200610023175).通过体外细胞学实验,对该生物降解可吸收记忆聚合物的生物相容性进行评价.方法:实验采用3T3细胞进行原代及传代培养,然后将细胞接种到两组载体上—生物降解可吸收记忆聚合物组和裸皿培养组,建立不同的3T3细胞培养系统.利用绘制细胞生长曲线、MTT比色及3H-胸腺嘧啶(3H-TdR)掺入方法观察体外培养3T3细胞在生物降解可吸收记忆聚合物载体上的活力、增殖及DNA合成情况,研究生物降解可吸收记忆聚合物载体的生物相容性.结果:在生物降解可吸收记忆聚合物和裸皿中培养时,3T3细胞的活力、增殖和代谢等生物学特性无明显差别.结论:体外细胞学实验表明这种生物降解可吸收记忆聚合物具有良好的生物相容性.     

乌骨鸡黑色素氧化降解工艺研究

采用碳酸钾-过氧化氢法、高锰酸钾法、氢氧化钠-过氧化氢法及氨水-过氧化氢法对乌骨鸡黑色素进行氧化降解,并获得可溶性的降解产物,运用GC-MS分析降解萃取产物中物质种类,并且分析了降解产物得率和分子量分布,发现降解方法不同,降解产物各指标也存在相应差异。其中高锰酸钾法得率最高为82.5%,碳酸钾-过氧化氢次之为61.5%,其余均在50%以上;降解产物分子量以氨水-过氧化氢法最高,高达12265.5 Da,其降解程度最小,其萃取物中的物质种类及含量较少,而强酸性环境下高锰酸钾氧化降解乌骨鸡黑色素程度最大,降解产物中存在许多被彻底氧化的有机酸类,进一步表明强酸、强碱介质中黑色素更容易被氧化断裂。     

天麻及其近缘植物酚性成分的高效液相色谱定量分析

本文应用高效液相色谱技术对天麻(Gastrodia elata Blume)及其近缘植物共16个样品的8种酚性成分进行定性定量分析。实验结果表明,该方法不仅可用于检验中药天麻的质量、亦可用于筛选新的天麻素药物资源,并为其化学分类提供一定的依据。     

聚二醇酸可吸收性缝线

日本山根修治等应用聚二醇酸(Polyglycolieacid)研制成一种新的可吸收性手术缝合线,称MEDIFIT。经评价,性能良好。 MEDIFIT有很高的持结抗张力。体内和体外研究表明,这种缝线的抗张力与Dexon和Vicryl相似。把它分别浸入盐水、胃液、胆汁和胰液中,14天后,抗张力分别保持在75.2%、82.2%、66.8%、66.2%。植入于兔子皮下,抗张力有所下降,类似于浸入胆汁中。而把它植入于兔子的肌肉内,在植入15周内,完全被吸收,组织反应轻微,在吸收过程中缝线的纤维被结缔组织代替。在     

高温烹饪对动物肌肉组织DNA降解的影响

目的 探索高温烹饪对肌肉组织DNA降解程度的影响.方法 对牛肉、猪肉和鸡肉样本分别进行以下处理:不同温度烘烤0.5h;100℃沸水中加热不同时间;分别用水煮、油煎、红烧、烘烤烹饪肌肉至熟.分别提取DNA,PCR扩增线粒体DNA上的12S rRNA基因片段,电泳检测PCR产物的变化,并进行DNA序列测定.结果 样品经过不同温度处理均能扩增到目的条带,但条带从140℃开始显著减弱;沸水持续加热20 min、40 min后,3种肉的PCR产物量无显著影响,但加热80 min后,猪肉和鸡肉的PCR扩增产物条带明显减弱;红烧后的肌肉PCR扩增产物量显著减少.结论 温度、烹饪时间及烹饪方式对模板DNA的降解和后续PCR扩增有一定影响,但不影响肌肉组织的DNA可检测性.     

β-胡萝卜素氧化降解及产物对SGC-7901细胞的抑制作用

本文对β-胡萝卜素的不同氧化降解方法以及氧化降解产物的生理活性进行了研究。用AIBN、NaClO、紫外以及OsO4对β-胡萝卜素进行了氧化降解研究,并用OsO4-H2O2-Ether体系进行控制型氧化降解的产物进行薄层分离后,采用体外细胞培养技术观察β-胡萝卜素氧化降解产物对SGC-7901癌细胞增殖的影响。结果发现不同的氧化方法的氧化速率不同,并且氧化的产物也不同。通过OsO4氧化得到的β-胡萝卜素氧化降解产物对SGC-7901细胞有抑制作用,0.1000 g/L时抑制率达26.15%。分离的AB混合主份对癌细胞的抑制作用呈浓度依赖关系。随着浓度的增加,抑制作用增强,在0.2000 g/L下抑制率达23.31%。主份C对癌细胞也有抑制作用,但效果不及混合主份A、B。     

硫代葡萄糖苷的降解途径及其产物的研究进展

硫代葡萄糖苷(GS)是一类广泛存在于植物界的次生代谢产物,其降解产物具有多种活跃的化学和生物活性.GS种类繁多,根据其侧链R基团来源不同可以分为脂肪族、芳香族和吲哚族3大类.GS降解过程受多种因素影响而难以控制:不同种类的GS在硫苷酶作用下产生异硫氰酸酯类、腈类、硫氰酸酯类、环腈类、恶唑烷酮类化合物等,在较高温度下能发生自降解,在强酸、强碱以及某些化学物质的作用下也不稳定,也能在微生物作用下有效降解.该文从影响GS降解的内源和外源因素入手,系统阐述了GS的酶降解、热降解、化学降解、微生物降解等途径及其产物,为理论研究和生产实践中GS降解的控制提供信息.     

不同处理方法对灵芝β-葡聚糖降解效果的比较研究

本研究采用酸法、碱法、酶法和微波法对灵芝β-葡聚糖进行降解,通过降解率、产物分子量变化、产物聚合度分布等指标比较了不同方法的降解效果。结果表明,微波法降解率高达94%,处理后产物的分子量明显降低,寡糖产物聚合度分布广。酶法降解率约为40%,寡糖产物中含有DP2-5的成分。酸法及碱法降解率低于20%,寡糖产物少。研究表明,与其他3种方法相比,微波法降解率高、产物丰富、操作条件易于控制,是一种简单、高效的降解灵芝β-葡聚糖、制备灵芝β-葡寡糖的方法。     

Prolonged antibacterial action of synthetic suture materials containing gentamicin]

A new sutural material in the form of polyacrylamide threads containing gentamicin in an amount of 10 per cent by the thread weight was studied. After storage for a year under refrigerator conditions the threads preserved their antibacterial activity when studied in vitro. Since gentamicin was included within the threads by means of the ionic links its release from the threads to the environment either in vitro or in vivo was gradual and uniform within at least 10 days. The quantity of the released antibiotic depended on its content per unit of thread length. The marked antibacterial effect within the prolonged period is a basis for the use of the threads in surgical practice for the prevention of infections in the early postoperative period.     

Hydrolysis of concentrated sucrose syrups by invertase immobilized on anion exchanger waste cotton thread.

Yeast invertase was immobilized on polyethyleneimine-coated cotton thread by adsorption followed by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The thread-bound invertase was used as an easily retrievable system for the hydrolysis of 80% w/v commercial sucrose syrups. The immobilized enzyme was stable for over 90 days to a temperature of 50 degrees C, only when stored in 80% sucrose solution. Above this temperature, inactivation of enzyme was observed. The cotton threads were used in a batch reactor for hydrolysis of sucrose in about 30 batches carried out over a period of 50 days without loss in activity. The threads could also be used in a packed bed reactor (1.51) for 97% hydrolysis of 80% sucrose syrups at 50 degrees C at a rate of about 360 kg per month for a period of 3 months.     

Ruminal degradability and in vitro intestinal digestibility of sunflower meal and in vitro digestibility of olive by-products supplemented with urea or sunflower meal: Comparison between goats and sheep

The in vitro digestibility of two-stage dried olive cake (TSDOC) and olive leaves (OL) unsupplemented or supplemented with increasing amounts of urea (U) or sunflower meal (SM) (0, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 g/100 g organic matter (OM) of the by-product) was determined. Chemical and amino acid composition, in vitro digestibility, in situ rumen degradability of crude protein and amino acids, and in situ–in vitro intestinal digestibility of SM CP and amino acids was determined. The in sacco rumen degradability and in vitro intestinal availability of CP and individual amino acids were also determined. Results obtained in Granadina goats and Segureña wethers were compared. SM provides arginine, glycine and aspartic and glutamic acids. The addition of increasing amounts of U or SM improved (P<0.001) the IVDMD and IVOMD of both TSDOC and OL. There was no effect (P>0.05) of the rumen inoculum origin on in vitro TSDOC digestibility. In contrast, values for OL were higher (P<0.001) for goats versus sheep. In sacco ruminal CP degradability of SM was relatively high, and similar in sheep and goats (ED=0.78 and 0.75 for sheep and goats). Individual amino acid ruminal degradability had different values, being lowest for methionine, leucine, proline, tyrosine and cysteine. Values obtained for individual amino acids differed from those of CP. Apparent intestinal digestibility of undegraded protein (AIDUP) of SM was high (0.86 and 0.98, respectively, for sheep and goats). The intestinally absorbable protein (IADP) was low (18.9 and 24.0 for sheep and goats, respectively). Results indicate that goats and sheep have the same capacity for TSDOC digestion, but goats showed a better capacity than sheep for OL utilisation. Although the amino acids supply to the intestine from SM is not important it could be a good supplement for low degradable protein feedstuffs such as TSDOC and OL.     

Effect of surgical thread from the dura mater, modified with succinate, on the energy metabolism of white rat kidney mitochondria]

The activity of energy metabolism has been studied in the experiment with white rats, which had been carried out nephrotomia with following use for suture such absorbable surgical threads as catgut plain, biofil (of dura mater spinalis of the cattle) and biofil modified with succinate. The research proves the use of catgut plain decreases of energy quotient and such polarographic index as the rate of phosphorylating respiration of mitochondria of the kidneys in postoperative period. The greater activity of energy metabolism during this period has been stated with the use of biofil. The use of biofil modified with succinate results in the activation of bioenergy processes.     

Bamboo as a support material in anaerobic reactors

The changes in 2.5-cm thick bamboo rings during their use as a support material in an anaerobic reactor show that the wash out and degradation processes are largely completed within 6 months to a year. The dry mass of the bamboo used decreased more quickly in the first half of the year than during the second half and asymptotically approached a loss limit of approximately 15% (w/w). The decrease in substances contained in the bamboo during the 2-year experimental period led to reductions in wall thickness of the rings of 0.8 mm and in the absorbable pressure of 21%. Bamboo thus appears to be suitable for long-term use in an anaerobic reactor.     

白桦单细胞培养体系的建立

以白桦花药（单核靠边期）、种子（萌发）及再生苗的茎段诱导愈伤组织,在NT1、NT2和B5三种不同的培养基中进行悬浮培养,筛选出优良的白桦悬浮体系,而后进行单细胞分离的结果表明,白桦花药愈伤组织在B5培养基上生长迅速,分散性好,适合于细胞分离。分离得到的单细胞用不同方式培养,建立了白桦单细胞两步培养法。     

In vitro degradation behavior of microspheres based on cross-linked dextran

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro degradation of hydroxyl ethyl methacrylated dextran (dex-HEMA) microspheres. Dextran microspheres were incubated in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at 37 degrees C, and the dry mass, mechanical strength, and chemical composition of the microspheres were monitored in time. The amount and nature of the formed degradation products were established for microspheres with different cross-link densities by FT-IR (Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy), NMR, mass spectrometry, SEC analysis, and XPS (X-ray photoelectron microscopy). The dex-HEMA microspheres DS 12 (degree of HEMA substitution; the number of HEMA groups per 100 glucose units) incubated at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C showed a continuous mass loss, leaving after 6 months a residue of about 10% (w/w) of water-insoluble products. NMR, mass spectrometry, and SEC showed that the water-soluble degradation products consisted of dextran, low molecular weight pHEMA (M(n) approximately 15 kg/mol), and small amounts of unreacted HEMA and HEMA-DMAP (intermediate reaction product of the Baylis-Hillman reaction of HEMA with DMAP (4-dimethyl aminopyridine)). Microscopy revealed that the water-insoluble residue consisted of particles with shape and size similar to that of nondegraded microspheres. However, these particles had lost their mechanical strength as evidenced from micromanipulation experiments. FT-IR and XPS (X-ray photoelectron microscopy) revealed that these particles consisted of pHEMA, of which a small fraction was soluble in methanol (M(n) ranging between 27 and 82 kg/mol). The insoluble material likely consisted of lightly cross-linked pHEMA. In conclusion, in vitro degradation of dex-HEMA microspheres results in the formation of water-soluble degradation products (mainly dextran), leaving a small water-insoluble residue mainly consisting of pHEMA.     

The influence of ageing on cell wall composition and degradability of three maize genotypes

Stem segments of the maize (Zea mavs L.) hybrids LGH, Eta Ipho (EI) and a brown midrib mutant. INRA 260 bm3 (bm3) were freeze-dried, ground and analysed for cell wall content, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin and in vitro cell wall degradability with rumen fluid. Stem cross-sections, stained with acid phloroglucinol (AP) and chlorine sulphite (CS) showed an increased intensity in staining during maturation, but no considerable difference in staining intensity was observed between genotypes. The lignin content increased during maturation with evidently less lignin in bm3 than in EI and LGH. However, cell wall degradability did not differ between the older stem segments of EI and bm3, although the amount of lignin in LGH was twice that of bm3.

It can be concluded that an increase in lignin content occurs simultancously with a decrease in cell wall degradability within a genotype. However, between different genotypes the lignin content is not an indicator of degree of cell wall degradability.     

拉西地平对高温高湿应激大鼠血管平滑肌细胞GRP78和CHOP表达的影响

目的：探讨钙离子拮抗剂拉西地平对高温高湿应激大鼠血管平滑肌细胞内内质网应激相关因子葡萄糖调节蛋白78（glucose-regulated protein of 78kD,GRP78）和C/EBP环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合转录因子同源蛋白（CAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein,CHOP）表达的影响。方法：将60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、高温高湿组、拉西地平组,每组20只。按实验时间（2w、4w、6w、8w）的不同,各组又分为4个亚组,每个亚组5只大鼠。用颈动脉插管法测定各组大鼠的平均动脉压（MAP）;用免疫组织化学法检测GRP78和CHOP的表达水平。结果：①高温高湿各组的MAP随着实验时间的延长呈逐渐递增的趋势,高温高湿4w、6w、8w亚组的MAP均显著高于相应的对照组和拉西地平组（P〈0.05）。②随着实验时间的延长,高温高湿组GRP78表达量不断增加,6w达到最大值,8w表达减弱。高温高湿4w、6w、8w亚组GRP78表达量均高于相应对照组和拉西地平组,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。③高温高湿组2w、4w、6w、8w亚组CHOP表达量组间比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,8w亚组表达达到最高值;高温高湿组6w、8w亚组与相应对照组和拉西地平组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：高温高湿应激可引起血管平滑肌细胞内质网应激反应,导致GRP78表达及CHOP表达的不对称增加,提示高温高湿应激可引起血管平滑肌细胞的损害;拉西地平可以减轻内质网应激,逆转高温高湿应激所致的血管平滑肌细胞的损伤作用,对血管平滑肌细胞有保护作用。