乙醇及6-DMAP对小鼠卵母细胞孤雌激活的研究

实验研究了乙醇、6-DMAP以及二者联合使用时对注射hCG后18小时采集的小鼠卵母细胞孤雌激活的效果。结果证明:(1)用5％的乙醇分别作用5和10分钟及10％的乙醇分别作用5和10分钟,小鼠卵母细胞的孤雌激活率分别为41.3％、63.7％、57.9％和85.6％。说明在一定范围内,随着乙醇浓度和作用时间的增加,小鼠卵母细胞孤雌激活率有上升的趋势。(2)用2mM 6-DMAP作用2、4和6小时,小鼠卵母细胞的孤雌激活率分别为 12.0％、25.0％和40.0％。说明随着6-DMAP作用时间的增加,小鼠卵母细胞的孤雌激活率有所升高。(3)用5％乙醇作用5分钟,再用含有2mmol/L 6-DMAP的培养液培养6小时,小鼠卵母细胞的孤雌激活率可达65.5％,明显高于单独使用5％乙醇作用5分钟或单独使用2mmol/L 6-DMAP作用6小时卵母细胞的孤雌激活率。(4)用10％的乙醇作用5分钟,再用含有2mmol/L 6-DMAP的培养液培养6小时,小鼠卵母细胞的孤雌激活率达到100％,远远高于单独使用10％乙醇作用5分钟或单独使用2mmol/L 6-DMAP作用6小时卵母细胞的孤雌激活率。(5)在单独使用乙醇刺激时,激活卵母细胞中直接卵裂(2-细胞)的比率随乙醇作用强度的增加而增加,最高达62.5％;但6-DMAP则抑制激活卵母细胞的直接卵裂,增加二原核卵的比例。     

化学联合激活可明显提高小鼠孤雌胚胎发育率

为探讨一种高效的小鼠卵母细胞孤雌激活的方案,进一步提高孤雌囊胚发育率。用不同浓度的氯化锶及不同作用时间的乙醇,并分别联合6-DMAP对不同卵龄小鼠卵母细胞进行活化,统计小鼠卵母细胞卵裂率和体外发育状况。结果显示,15～16h、18～19h和20～21h卵龄组卵母细胞经6mmol/LSrCl2联合6-DMAP处理后,三组的激活率随卵龄增长而升高,其中20～21h卵龄组显著高于15～16h、18～19h组(P<0.05),激活胚胎的发育率以18～19h时最高;6mmol/L和10mmol/L的SrCl2联合6-DMAP均能有效地激活小鼠卵母细胞,激活率分别为76.4%和83.6%,桑葚胚率分别为50.0%和56.3%;70ml/L乙醇联合6-DMAP以处理7min组获得了较好的激活率和囊胚发育率,分别为77.1%和42.4%,囊胚率均显著高于4min和10min处理组(P<0.05)。6-DMAP与SrCl2或乙醇联合应用可以有效抑制第二极体的排出,提高激活胚的二倍体比率;孤雌囊胚的平均细胞数显著低于正常受精囊胚(P<0.05)。不同激活方案对孤雌活化胚的核型和发育能力的作用差异较大,小鼠卵母细胞孤雌激活率与卵龄...     

不同因素对大鼠卵母细胞孤雌激活作用影响的研究

本实验比较了SrCl_2,放线菌酮(CHX),电刺激和乙醇等理化因素对SD大鼠卵母细胞激活的作用。结果表明,SrCl_2,CHX和电刺激均能有效激活SD大鼠卵母细胞,其最高激活率分别达到93.24％,91.89％和85.90％。8％乙醇对注射hCG 21小时后的卵母细胞激活率也达70％。SrCl_2在1.6和3.2mmol/L浓度,作用10—30分钟均有较好激活效果。电刺激强度在160V,80μs作用较佳。当SrCl_2与CHX联合作用时,激活率可有明显提高。但电刺激或乙醇与CHX的联合作用不能有效提高激活 率。本研究还比较了卵丘细胞的存在与否对激活的影响,发现卵丘-卵母细胞复合体中的卵母细胞不能被有效激活。刚离体的超排卵母细胞也不能被有效激活,须在体外培养一定时间后才能被激活。     

应用氯化锶对小鼠卵母细胞孤雌活化的研究

目的　探讨小鼠卵母细胞孤雌激活的最佳作用条件。方法　将MⅡ期小鼠卵母细胞随机分为 2组 ,第一组 ,将小鼠卵母细胞分别放入 2、4、6、8、10mmol ml不同浓度的氯化锶激活液中 ,作用 6h ,观察激活率及囊胚发育率。第二组 ,将小鼠卵母细胞放入 10mmol ml氯化锶激活液中 ,分别作用 3、6、9h ,观察激活率及囊胚发育率。结果　第一组 ,激活率分别为 86 49%、82 6 1%、88 0 0 %、86 6 7%、81 18%。各组间差异无显著性。体内培养 72h回收囊胚 ,囊胚发育率分别为 0、31 42 %、43 33%、6 2 5 0 %、5 0 0 0 %。 6～ 10mmol mlSrCl2 激活液激活后囊胚发育率高于 0～ 4mmol ml(P <0 0 5 )。第二组 ,激活率分别为 82 86 %、89 6 1%、91.40 %。 72h囊胚发育率分别为 2 6 5 3 %、5 0 0 0 %、5 3 2 2 %。激活 6、9h的囊胚发育率高于激活 3h的囊胚发育率 (P <0 0 1)。结论　结果表明 ,6～ 10mmol ml的SrCl2 为卵母细胞孤雌活化的最佳作用浓度 ,6～ 9h的激活时间为最佳作用时间 ;表明SrCl2 的浓度和作用时间对小鼠卵母细胞的活化有显著的影响。     

稀释液中添加海藻糖对山羊精子功能和膜完整性的影响

选用5只年龄为3～4岁的波尔山羊公羊研究在稀释液中添加海藻糖对山羊精子功能和膜完整性的影响。山羊精子分别用含6.6 mmol/L、13.2 mmol/L、19.8 mmol/L、26.4 mmol/L、39.6 mmol/L、52.9 mmol/L、66.1mmol/L、79.3 mmol/L的不同海藻糖的Tris-柠檬酸-葡糖糖(TCG)稀释液(卵黄:18%;甘油:6%)稀释和冷冻。结果表明:39.6 mmol/L、52.9 mmol/L、66.1 mmol/L、79.3 mmol/L组降温后的精子活率显著(P<0.05)降低;52.9 mmol/L、66.1 mmol/L、79.3 mmol/L组降温后的精子畸形率和39.6 mmol/L组降温后的膨胀精子率显著(P<0.05)提高。26.4 mmol/L组和39.6 mmol/L组冻融后的精子活率显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;66.1mmol/L和79.3 mmol/L组冻融后的精子活率、畸形率分别显著(P<0.05)低于和高于对照组。19.8 mmol/L、26.4 mmol/L、39.6 mmol/L组冻融后精子获能率显著(P<0.05)低于对照组。39.6 mmol/L组冻融后顶体完整率和膨胀精子率显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,而66.1 mmol/L组和79.3 mmol/L组显著(P<0.05)低于对照组。39.6 mmol/L组的受胎率显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,而66.1mmol/L组和79.3 mmol/L组的受胎率显著(P<0.05)低于对照组。结果表明,在含18%的卵黄(v/v)、6%甘油(v/v)的TCG稀释液中,添加适宜浓度(26.4mmol/L和39.6 mmol/L)海藻糖,可显著提高山羊精子功能和膜的完整性。     

精酮合剂对小鼠的抗疲劳作用

通过观察小鼠负重力竭游泳时间探讨精氨酸-酮戊二酸盐(精酮合剂,AAKG)对小鼠的抗疲劳作用,分别测定小鼠游泳前后血清尿素含量、肝糖原含量、全血乳酸含量等指标以探讨AAKG抗疲劳机制。结果表明,经AAKG处理过的小鼠负重游泳时间(4.71±1.36min)比对照组小鼠(3.01±0.46min)明显延长(P<0.05),AAKG组小鼠血清尿素氮含量(177.94±17.7mg/L)明显低于对照组(202.38±8.95mg/L)(P<0.05),AAKG组小鼠乳酸曲线下面积(85.88±9.74mmol/L)也显著低于对照组(112.82±17.10mmol/L)(P<0.05),而AAKG组小鼠肝糖原含量(11.95±0.35mg/g)显著性高于对照组小鼠(8.42±0.97mg/g)(P<0.05)。本实验结果表明AAKG具有较好的抗疲劳作用,推测与其能够提高小鼠代谢能力和增强应激能力有关。     

低温保存的小鼠卵母细胞的体外授精研究

采用75分钟和150分钟两种精卵作用时间,对经6℃低温处理2小时和6小时的小鼠卵母细胞进行体外受精。精卵作用75分钟后,经6℃处理的卵子无一受精,而对照组的受精率为30.7％。作用150分钟后,低温处理2小时、6小时和对照组的受精率分别为62.0％,36.55％和76.0％。并对试验所出现的现象作了讨论。     

原癌基因c-erbB2和c-myb经丝裂原活化蛋白激酶和成熟促进因子途径调节卵母细胞的成熟

本研究探讨了原癌基因c-erbB:和c-myb对小鼠卵母细胞成熟的影响及其在调控卵母细胞成熟中与丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)和成熟促进因子(mamration promoting factor,MPF)的上下游关系.c-erbB2反义寡脱氧核苷酸(antisense oligodeoxynucleotide,ASODN)和c.myb ASODN均呈剂量依赖方式抑制卵母细胞的生发泡破裂(germinalvesicle breakdown,GVBD)率和第一极体(first polar body,PBl)排放率,并显著延迟其成熟时间.小鼠卵母细胞显微注射重组人c-erbB2蛋白和c-myb蛋白后,培养6 h其GVBD率分别比对照组上升了23.1%(P<0.05)和32.2%(P<0.05),.培养12 h其PBl排放率分别比对照组上升了17.3%(P<0.05)和23.5%(P<0.05).RT-PCR结果显示,小鼠卵母细胞中存在c-erbB2mRNA和c-myb mRNA表达;c-erbB2ASODN能明显抑制卵母细胞中c-erbB2mRNA和c-myb mRNA的表达,c-myb ASODN能明显抑制卵母细胞中c-myb mRNA的表达,对c-erbB2 mRNA无明显影响;MAPK抑制剂PD98059以及MPF抑制剂roscovitine在抑制卵母细胞成熟的同时,均能阻断显微注射重组人c-erbB:蛋白和重组人c-myb蛋白对卵母细胞成熟的促进作用,但对卵母细胞中c-erbB2mRNA和c-myb mRNA表达无明显影响.Western blot结果显示,c-erbB2ASODN、c-mybASODN、PD98059、roscovitine均使卵母细胞中MAPK磷酸化水平和cyclinB 1含量下降.结果提示,原癌基因c-erbB2、c-myb在卵母细胞成熟中起重要作用,可能是调控卵母细胞成熟中关键蛋白激酶如MAPK、MPF的上游激活物.     

6-DMAP对小鼠卵母细胞减数分裂启动及孤雌发育作用

小鼠卵泡卵母细胞体外培养过程中加入2 mmol/L 6-DMAP可抑制卵母细胞自发的染色质浓缩和生发泡破裂(GVBD)。源自超排的MⅡ期卵母细胞则能为6-DMAP所激活。hCG注射后18—19h的卵母细胞置于2 mmol/L6-DMAP的CZB溶液中培养0.5 h、1h、2h、3h,卵母细胞的激活率分别为26.1%、75.2%、75.8%、77.3%、;卵裂率分别为88.2%、73.2%、67.0%、58.4%。与乙醇激活法相比,6-DMAP处理引起了不同的孤雌激活类型。     

几种因素对电刺激诱导小鼠卵母细胞孤雌活化的影响

为了给小鼠体细胞核移植研究提供最佳的小鼠卵母细胞电激活条件 ,研究了影响电刺激诱导小鼠卵细胞孤雌活化的 4个因素 :脉冲强度、电融合液、操作液预处理及小鼠品系。发现 :(1)小鼠卵母细胞在 0 5～1 2 5kV/cm脉冲强度下 ,获得的活化率差异不显著 (71 4 3%～ 80 39% ,P >0 0 5 ) ,而在 1 5kV/cm的脉冲刺激下 ,活化率显著下降至 4 8 15 % (P <0 0 5 ) ,死亡率显著升高 (2 9 6 3% ,P <0 0 5 ) ;(2 )含有山梨醇的EFS1和含有甘露醇的EFS2对小鼠卵母细胞的活化效果相似 ,但前者较后者更易于操作 ,可以用EFS1取代EFS2运用于小鼠体细胞核移植研究中 ;(3)用核移植操作液预处理小鼠卵母细胞后 ,在 0 75kV/cm的脉冲强度下 ,与对照组无差异 ,而当脉冲强度升至 1 0kV/cm时 ,活化率显著降低 (46 6 7% ,P <0 0 5 ) ,而死亡率显著升高(30 0 0 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ;(4)昆明白小鼠和C5 7BL/ 6小鼠卵母细胞在 0 75～ 1 0kV/cm场强下 ,活化率无差异。     

不同活化方法对小鼠卵母细胞孤雌发育的影响（简报）

In order to study effects of electro-fusion and strontium chloride (SrCl2) activation in nuclear transfer experiment on activation and development of mouse oocytes, concentration and treatment duration of SrCl2, electro-pulse and electro-pulse combining SrCl2 were used to activate mouse oocytes which were obtained after hCG 17h. Activated oocytes were cultured in vitro in CZB medium. The results were as follows: 82.4% activation percentage was obtained when the oocytes were treated with 10mmol/L SrCl2 for 6h, it was significantly (P>0.05) higher than those obtained from that treated with the 5mmol/L or 10mmol/L SrCl2 for 4h. The activation percentage was not significantly different between 5mmol/L and 10mmol/L SrCl2 for 6h, but the percentage of morula and blastocyst in 10mmol/L SrCl2 6h group was significantly (P > 0.05) higher than those in 5mmol/L SrCl2 6h group. In the groups of treatment with electro-pulse, the best activation percentage (70.9%) was obtained when the oocytes were treated with 1.0kv/cm, 320micros, 3 pulses, but M + B percentage (7.9%) was low. In the groups of treatment with electro-pulse combining with SrCl2, the best result was acquired (activation and M + B percentage were 75.0% and 57.3% separately) when the oocytes were treated in 10mmol/L SrCl2 for 6h interval 1h after treated with 1.8kv/cm, 10s, 1pulse. These results show that the treatment with electro-pulse combining SrCl2 is a better way to mouse parthenogenesis.     

Parthenogenetic activation of mouse oocytes by strontium chloride: a search for the best conditions

Strontium has been successfully used to induce activation of mouse oocytes in nuclear transfer and other experiments, but the optimum treatment conditions have not been studied systematically. When cumulus-free oocytes were treated with 10mM SrCl(2) for 0.5-5h, activation rates (88.4+/-4.1 to 91.2+/-2.7%) did not differ (mean+/-S.E.; P>0.2), but rate of blastulation (57.3+/-3.5%) and cell number per blastocyst (45.0+/-2.4) were the highest after treatment for 2.5h. When treated with 1-20mM SrCl(2) for 2.5h, the activation rate and cell number per blastocyst were higher (P<0.02) after 10mM SrCl(2) treatment than other treatments. The best activation and development were obtained with Ca(2+)-free Sr(2+) medium, but the activation rate was low (37.7+/-1.6%) in Ca(2+)-containing medium. Activation rates were the same, regardless of the presence or absence of cytochalasin B (CB) in the activating medium, but the blastulation rate was higher (P<0.001) in the presence of CB. Only 70% of the cumulus-enclosed oocytes were activated and 10% blastulated after a 10 min exposure to 1.6mM SrCl(2), and many lysed, with increased intensity of Sr(2+) treatment. The presence of CB in SrCl(2) medium markedly reduced lysis of cumulus-enclosed oocytes. Media M16 and CZB did not differ when used as activating media. Only 10.5% of the oocytes collected 13 h post hCG were activated by Sr(2+) treatment alone, with 34% blastulating, but rates of activation and blastulation increased (P<0.001) to 94 and 60%, respectively, when they were further treated with 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP). The total and ICM cell numbers were less (P<0.001) in parthenotes than in the in vivo fertilized embryos. In conclusion, the concentration and duration of SrCl(2) treatment and the presence or absence of CB in activating medium and cumulus cells had marked effects on mouse oocyte activation and development. To obtain the best activation and development, cumulus-free oocytes collected 18 h post hCG should be treated for 2.5h with 10mM SrCl(2) in Ca(2+)-free medium supplemented with 5 microg/mL of CB.     

6—DMAP对小鼠卵母细胞减数分裂启动及孤雌发育作用

小鼠卵泡卵母细胞体外培养过程中加入２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ６－ＤＭＡＰ可抑制卵母细胞自发的染色持浓缩和生发泡破裂（ＧＶＢＤ）。源自超排的ＭⅡ期卵母细胞则能为６－ＤＭＡＰ所激活。ｈＣＧ注射后１８－１９ｈ的卵母细胞置于２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ６－ＤＭＡＰ的ＣＺＢ溶液中培养０．５ｈ、１ｈ、２ｈ、３ｈ,卵母细胞的激活率分别为２６．１％、７５．２％、７５．８％、７７．３％、卵裂率分别为８８．２％、７３．２％、６７．０％、５８．     

The involvement of calcium in the activation of mammalian oocytes

Mouse oocytes with cumulus cells intact were parthenogenetically activated following release from the oviduct into calcium-free medium. The proportion of activated oocytes increased with post ovulatory age both for oocytes initially exposed to calcium-free and calcium-containing medium (control). Apart from oocytes released shortly after ovulation (approximately 1 h) when less than 1% of the oocytes from treated and control were activated, activation was always higher in oocytes incubated in calcium-free medium (p less than 0.001). The omission of magnesium from the medium had no effect on the activation response of oocytes obtained approximately 3 h after ovulation but its absence did increase the activation rate of oocytes of later post ovulatory age (approximately 9 h after ovulation) although it was still lower than that obtained with media devoid of calcium. When the extracellular calcium was replaced by other divalent cations (strontium, barium and manganese) high rates of activation were obtained even at post ovulatory times which produced relatively low rates of activation in calcium-free medium alone. Similar results were obtained when hamster oocytes were exposed to all the aforementioned treatments. It is concluded that calcium plays an essential role in the activation of the mammalian oocyte but the mechanism of its action remains obscure. Further development of oocytes activated by calcium-free treatment was limited and was similar to that of oocytes activated in other ways.     

用小鼠血液淋巴细胞构建核移植重构胚的研究

本实验用小鼠血液淋巴细胞为核供体进行了核移植研究。用淋巴细胞分离液(比重1．088)分离出小鼠血液中的淋巴细胞,直接用作核移植供体细胞,采用胞质内注射法成功构建的重构胚经常规培养2h后,SrCl2激活处理6h,然后添加mM16培养液和小鼠输卵管上皮细胞饲养层共培养。把发育至早期囊胚阶段的重构胚转移至小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞饲养层上,添加ES细胞培养液继续培养。对孵化出的内细胞团进行消化,然后接种培养。结果显示,小鼠血液淋巴细胞可以支持体细胞核移植重构胚的发育,核移植重构胚2-细胞率41．03％(128／312),桑葚胚和囊胚发育率分别为9．29％(29／312),1．92％(6／312)。重构囊胚在小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞饲养层上分离出2个内细胞团,分离率为0．64％(2／312)。实验证实利用小鼠血液淋巴细胞进行体细胞核移植是可行的,可用于深入研究。     

卵龄和脉冲持续时间对小鼠卵母细胞电活化效果的影响

实验研究了相同电场强度，一次脉冲条件下，不同脉冲持续时间和不同卵龄对小鼠卵母细胞电活化效果的影响，结果说明：（１）在场强０．４５ＫＶ／ｃｍ，一次脉冲持续时间为１０、２０和４０μｓ时，卵母细胞活化率很低，仅为９．８％，５．５％和１２％，当脉冲持续８０、１６０、３２０、６４０和２８０μｓ时，活化率明显升高，分别为３６．５％、５３．３％，５９．７％，５１．２％和３９．４％，脉冲持续时间对卵线细胞碎裂率影     

Parthenogenetic activation of unfertilized mouse oocytes by exposure to 1,2-propanediol is influenced by temperature,oocyte age,and cumulus removal

Cumulus-intact and -denuded unfertilized oocytes from two mouse strains were exposed to 1.5 m ethanol (EtOH) or two cryoproteclant solutions, 1.5 M propanediol (PROH) or 1.5 M dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), for 4.5 min at 27°C, and the proportion of activating or degenerating oocytes studied. Exposure to DMSO did not significantly increase activation above that of oocytes not exposed to DMSO. Treatment of oocytes in PROH resulted in the activation of up to 87% of viable oocytes. This was significantly higher (P <01) than in control oocytes and comparable to the rate of activation after treatment with EtOH (59–96% activation). In solutions at 1°C, 47% of control oocytes were activated, which was not significantly different from the rate of activation in EtOH (36%) or PROH (50%) at 1°C. Following treatment with PROH, up to 87% of oocytes degenerated within a period of 6 h in vitro. The age of the oocytes (h post hCG) and the time of cumulus removal with the enzyme hyaluronidase, relative to the time of exposure to the chemicals, influenced the level of degeneration in most groups. Significantly fewer oocytes degenerated when cumulus cells were removed before treatment (0–31%) than when the cumulus was left intact throughout the treatment and 6 h culture period (10–87%). Exposure to PROH at 1°C reduced oocyte degeneration to 5%. We conclude that PROH causes significantly greater losses of oocytes as a result of parthenogenetic activation and degeneration than of exposure to DMSO.     

In vitro spontaneous parthenogenetic activation of golden hamster oocytes

Parthenogenetic activation is a major hurdle to be cleared for the examination of the human sperm chromosome after intracytoplasmic injection (ICSI) into golden hamster oocytes. Various factors that affect spontaneous activation of hamster oocytes were, therefore, investigated in this study. We collected cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) from the oviducts of superovulated females and washed them thoroughly with Ca2+-containing or Ca2+-free TALP-HEPES medium (handling media). We cultured oocytes with intact cumulus or those without cumulus (removed by previous hyaluronidase treatment) in Ca2+-containing or -free m-TALP-3 for 6 or 12 h before examining for their activation. Among the oocytes recovered 17 h post-hCG, 92-94% were parthenogenetically activated by 6 h of in vitro culture. Activation rate in the oocytes collected at 13.5 h post-hCG (53%) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that in the oocytes collected 17 h post-hCG (92%), indicating that the spontaneous activation rate increased as the oocytes became older. Both cumulus-intact and cumulus-free oocytes had similar (P > 0.05) activation rates when cultured in vitro, suggesting that hyaluronidase treatment had no effect on the rate of oocyte activation. Omission of Ca2+ from the handling medium also had no effect on the activation of the oocytes. The rate of spontaneous activation of the oocytes cultured in calcium-free medium for 6 (9%) and 12 h (16%) was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than that (94%) of the control oocytes cultured in Ca2+-containing medium, implying a positive influence of Ca2+ on in vitro activation of hamster oocytes. When we cultured the oocytes first in calcium-free medium for 6 h, and then in calcium-containing medium for 6 h, 94% were activated, which is comparable to the rate for oocytes continuously cultured in Ca2+-containing medium. This indicates that the inhibition of hamster oocyte activation in Ca2+-free medium is reversible and can be used to control spontaneous activation of golden hamster oocytes.