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【目的】研究可降解成年泌乳奶牛粪中主要酸臭物的微生物群落的组成及动态变化。【方法】利用牛粪堆肥环境中的微生物进行了发酵优化、菌种驯化以及酸臭有机物降解规律的研究,结合r DNA高通量测序技术对有益微生物的组成及相对生物量进行了分析。【结果】实验发现,奶牛排泄物中的臭味来源主要为短链有机酸,堆肥自然环境中的微生物可以有效地对有机酸等污染物进行去除,经从低到高浓度的有机酸臭物(W/V,0.1%–0.2%)驯化发酵后,培养物中原核微生物以芽孢杆菌居多,而真核微生物主要由红曲霉及粉状毕赤酵母组成。【结论】进一步推测这几种微生物是耐受并降解有机酸臭物的优势微生物,可以应用于奶牛养殖过程中酸臭排泄物的生物控制。 相似文献
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微生物育种指的是运用遗传学、诱变、杂交等原理,对负有特定作用的微生物菌种开展筛选、改造,从而得到符合某种需要的技术。本文对微生物菌种选育技术中的紫外诱变来选育辅酶q10高产菌株进行了一系列的试验和研究。。 相似文献
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堆肥中氮的循环在很大程度上依赖微生物驱动的氮素转化。传统高温堆肥最高堆温普遍在55-60℃,温度的提高有利于缩短堆肥周期和提高堆肥品质。超高温堆肥作为近年来快速发展的新兴技术,不但能突破传统堆肥工艺堆温低的局限,并且持续的超高温调控了堆肥微生物组、堆肥环境与氮素的互作,减少了氮素的损失。本文综述了堆体的氮循环过程及超高温堆肥技术在保氮方面的显著优势,以及超高温堆肥过程中具有氮代谢功能的优势微生物种群及其影响因素,重点介绍有关超高温堆肥控制氮素损失的作用机制研究进展,同时对超高温堆肥现有研究中存在的问题进行分析并探讨解决途径。 相似文献
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双孢蘑菇培养料发酵过程中细菌群落动态变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
双孢蘑菇产量的最主要影响因素是培养料的堆肥发酵过程,而微生物是其中的主要推动力。为了揭示工厂化生产双孢蘑菇堆肥发酵过程中的微生物群落结构变化及演替规律,深入了解细菌在堆肥发酵过程中作用,文章以工厂化生产双孢蘑菇堆肥为研究对象,采用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术分析堆肥前、一次发酵、二次发酵过程中细菌群落特征。共产生有效操作分类单元(OTUs) 854个,涵盖了19门259属的细菌。堆肥前优势类群为Proteobacteria,一次发酵优势类群为Firmicutes、Deinococcus-Thermus等,二次发酵时绿弯菌门Chloroflexi为主要类群。研究结果表明:微生物种类和数量随堆肥过程不断升高,并在二次发酵后降低,且微生物群落结构呈现连续变化的规律。高通量测序还发现了很多未分类细菌,说明双孢蘑菇培养料堆肥样品中还蕴含着大量未知的微生物种类。 相似文献
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两种微生物菌剂对西番莲果渣高温堆肥腐熟进程的影响 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
研究了在西番莲果渣堆肥体系中加入两种微生物菌剂(福贝和榕风)后的温度、C/N、NH4^+ -N和NO3^- -N的动态变化及对西番莲果渣堆肥产品品质的影响.结果表明,在西番莲果渣中加入微生物菌剂能增加高温分解持续时间,加快物料C/N降低的速率,促进NH4^+ -N向NO3^- -N转化,加快西番莲果渣堆肥腐熟化进程.添加福贝和榕风菌剂后,堆肥高温持续时间分别比对照(4d)增加7d和8d;腐熟后堆肥的NO3^- -N浓度分别比对照增加58.0%和64.2%.添加菌种显著增加了西番莲果渣堆肥的N、P、K养分含量,降低了堆肥容重,提高了堆肥总孔隙度和持水孔隙度,改善了堆肥产品的品质.两种菌剂间对西番莲果渣高温腐熟进程的影响没有显著差异,但福贝菌剂更有利于改善堆肥品质. 相似文献
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接种微生物菌剂对猪粪堆肥过程中细菌群落多样性的影响 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
利用PCR-DGGE方法研究了接种外源微生物菌剂对鲜猪粪高温好氧堆肥过程中细菌群落多样性的影响.结果表明:接种外源微生物菌剂可以促进堆肥的顺利进行,比不接种处理的高温期提前2 d.DGGE图谱分析表明,堆肥中优势细菌群落组成发生了明显的更迭现象,不同堆肥时期细菌群落的Shannon-Wiener指数呈显著差异.目的条带克隆测序结果表明,整个堆肥过程Clostridium stercorarium subsp. thermolacticum sp.一直是优势菌属,不经培养细菌、Bacillus coagulans sp.、Clostridium thermocellum sp.在接种外源微生物菌剂处理的第10、16天成为优势菌属,不经培养的Firmicutes sp.和不经培养的 delta proteobacterium分别在未接种外源微生物菌剂处理堆肥发酵的第5天和第16天成为优势菌属.非优势菌属Ureibacillus thermosphaericus、不经培养的Silvimonas sp.出现在堆肥腐熟后期,不经培养的土壤细菌主要出现在堆肥初期和高温初期.UPGMC聚类分析表明,接种外源微生物菌剂明显影响了堆肥不同时期的细菌群落结构组成.堆肥化过程中细菌DGGE图谱主成分分析表明,细菌群落变化主要受外源接种微生物菌剂的影响. 相似文献
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Microbial succession during a composting process as evaluated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Microbial succession during a laboratory-scale composting process of garbage was analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) combined with measurement of physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, organic acids, total dissolved organic carbon and water-soluble humic substance. From the temperature changes, a rapid increase from 25 to 58 degrees C and then a gradual decrease, four phases were recognized in the process as follows; mesophilic (S), thermophilic (T), cooling (C) and maturing (M). The polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rDNA fragments with universal (907R) and eubacterial (341F with GC clamp) primers were subjected to DGGE analysis. Consequently, the DGGE band pattern changed during the composting process. The direct sequences from DGGE bands were related to those of known genera in the DNA database. The microbial succession determined by DGGE was summarized as follows: in the S phase some fermenting bacteria, such as lactobacillus, were present with the existing organic acids; in the T phase thermophilic bacillus appeared and, after the C phase, bacterial populations were more complex than in previous phases and the phylogenetic positions of those populations were relatively distant from strains so far in the DNA database. Thus, the DGGE method is useful to reveal microbial succession during a composting process. 相似文献
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Lin Wang Jiugeng Mao Hejuan Zhao Min Li Qishun Wei Ying Zhou Heping Shao 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2016,43(9):1249-1260
Rice straw (RS) is an important raw material for the preparation of Agaricus bisporus compost in China. In this study, the characterization of composting process from RS and wheat straw (WS) was compared for mushroom production. The results showed that the temperature in RS compost increased rapidly compared with WS compost, and the carbon (C)/nitrogen (N) ratio decreased quickly. The microbial changes during the Phase I and Phase II composting process were monitored using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Bacteria were the dominant species during the process of composting and the bacterial community structure dramatically changed during heap composting according to the DGGE results. The bacterial community diversity of RS compost was abundant compared with WS compost at stages 4–5, but no distinct difference was observed after the controlled tunnel Phase II process. The total amount of PLFAs of RS compost, as an indicator of microbial biomass, was higher than that of WS. Clustering by DGGE and principal component analysis of the PLFA compositions revealed that there were differences in both the microbial population and community structure between RS- and WS-based composts. Our data indicated that composting of RS resulted in improved degradation and assimilation of breakdown products by A. bisporus, and suggested that the RS compost was effective for sustaining A. bisporus mushroom growth as well as conventional WS compost. 相似文献
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DGGE and T-RFLP Analysis of Bacterial Succession during Mushroom Compost Production and Sequence-aided T-RFLP Profile of Mature Compost 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The amount of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) harvested from compost is largely affected by the microbial processes taking place during composting and the microbes inhabiting
the mature compost. In this study, the microbial changes during the stages of this specific composting process were monitored,
and the dominant bacteria of the mature compost were identified to reveal the microbiological background of the favorable
properties of the heat-treated phase II mushroom compost. 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA)-based denaturing gradient
gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) molecular fingerprinting methods
were used to track the succession of microbial communities in summer and winter composting cycles. DNA from individual DGGE
bands were reamplified and subjected to sequence analysis. Principal component analysis of fingerprints of the composting
processes showed intensive changes in bacterial community during the 22-day procedure. Peak temperature samples grouped together
and were dominated by Thermus thermophilus. Mature compost patterns were almost identical by both methods (DGGE, T-RFLP). To get an in-depth analysis of the mature
compost bacterial community, the sequence data from cultivation of the bacteria and cloning of environmental 16S rDNA were
uniquely coupled with the output of the environmental T-RFLP fingerprints (sequence-aided T-RFLP). This method revealed the
dominance of a supposedly cellulose-degrading consortium composed of phylotypes related to Pseudoxanthomonas, Thermobifida, and Thermomonospora. 相似文献
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Profiling of a microbial community under confined conditions in a fed-batch garbage decomposer by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In order to determine the conditions for the maximum performance of a fed-batch composting (FBC) reactor, polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to analyze the microbial communities established under the confined conditions of moisture content and environmental temperature. To evaluate the effects of microbial community structures on the performance of FBC reactors, degradation experiments using small-scale reactors and model waste were conducted under confined environmental conditions. A high degradation rate was observed under a wide range of MC conditions (30-60%) and at higher than usual temperatures (30-50 degrees C). The microbial communities that formed in the experimental FBC reactors were analyzed by DGGE of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes. The DGGE banding patterns at the same level as the degradation rates were similar even if the environmental conditions were different. Sequence analysis of the DGGE bands revealed the primary microbes which act in the reactor. 相似文献
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Caihong Song Mingxiao Li Xuan Jia Zimin Wei Yue Zhao Beidou Xi Chaowei Zhu Dongming Liu 《Microbial biotechnology》2014,7(5):424-433
This study investigated the impact of composting substrate types on the bacterial community structure and dynamics during composting processes. To this end, pig manure (PM), chicken manure (CM), a mixture of PM and CM (PM + CM), and a mixture of PM, CM and anaerobic digestion residue (ADR) (PM + CM + ADR) were selected for thermophilic composting. The bacterial community structure and dynamics during the composting process were detected and analysed by polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) coupled with a statistic analysis. The physical-chemical analyses indicated that compared to single-material composting (PM, CM), co-composting (PM + CM, PM + CM + ADR) could promote the degradation of organic matter and strengthen the ability of conserving nitrogen. A DGGE profile and statistical analysis demonstrated that co-composting, especially PM + CM + ADR, could improve the bacterial community structure and functional diversity, even in the thermophilic stage. Therefore, co-composting could weaken the screening effect of high temperature on bacterial communities. Dominant sequencing analyses indicated a dramatic shift in the dominant bacterial communities from single-material composting to co-composting. Notably, compared with PM, PM + CM increased the quantity of xylan-degrading bacteria and reduced the quantity of human pathogens. 相似文献
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Response of compost maturity and microbial community composition to pentachlorophenol (PCP)-contaminated soil during composting 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Two composting piles were prepared by adding to a mixture of rice straw, vegetables and bran: (i) raw soil free from pentachlorophenol (PCP) contamination (pile A) and (ii) PCP-contaminated soil (pile B). It was shown by the results that compost maturity characterized by water soluble carbon (WSC), TOC/TN ratio, germination index (GI) and dehydrogenase activity (DA) was significantly affected by PCP exposure, which resulted in an inferior degree of maturity for pile B. DGGE analysis revealed an inhibited effect of PCP on compost microbial abundance. The bacteria community shifts were mainly consistent with composting factors such as temperature, pH, moisture content and substrates. By contrast, the fungal communities were more sensitive to PCP contamination due to the significant correlation between fungal community shifts and PCP removal. Therefore, the different microbial community compositions for properly evaluating the degree of maturity and PCP contamination were suggested. 相似文献
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N. Paniel S. Rousseaux P. Gourland M. Poitrenaud J. Guzzo 《Journal of applied microbiology》2010,108(5):1797-1809
Aims: To evaluate survival of pathogenic strains, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Infantis and a sanitation indicator Enterococcus faecalis in composts at different stages of the composting process and during storage. Methods and Results: The studied pathogenic and indicator strains, originally isolated from compost, were inoculated into compost samples from the various stages of the composting process. During incubation, indigenous microflora diversity was monitored with DGGE analysis. After 90 days of incubation, strain survival was observed in compost sampled before the beginning of the cooling phase, and DGGE analysis demonstrated an increase of microbial diversity up to the cooling phase. However, inoculated strains were not detected in composts after 30, 60 or 90 days of incubation in compost sampled after the start of the cooling phase. Microbial diversity also became stable, and DGGE profiles reached a maximum number of bands at this stage. Conclusions: Strain survival was not observed in stabilized composts. The cooling phase seems to be the turning point for pathogen survival and at this stage the indigenous microflora appeared to play a significant role in suppression. Significance and Impact of the Study: The importance of indigenous microflora in the survival of pathogens in four different composts was demonstrated. Stabilized composts were recommended for spreading on land. 相似文献