崖白菜属的一个新异名(英文)

根据对崖白菜的腊叶标本和武汉植物园栽培的崖白菜活体植物的研究,结合崖白菜的野外调查,认为全缘叶崖白菜应作为崖白菜的异名处理。     

地黄属和崖白菜属等位酶的变异研究

利用超薄平板微型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的等电聚焦电泳技术,对玄参科Scrophulariaceae地黄属Rehmannia 6种植物和崖白菜属Triaenophora 2种植物共52份材料进行了7个酶系统的等位酶分析。在7个酶系中共检测到18个清晰位点和45个等位基因,多态位点为17个;并将遗传学数据用软件Biosys-1进行分析,结果表明:同种内个体间表现出较大的遗传同质性,而不同种的个体则表现出明显的趋异性。除高地黄R.elata和裂叶地黄R.piasezkii外,其余6种植物之间遗传分化较明显,8个种按聚类结果分为两支,崖白菜属的崖白菜T.rupestris和神农架崖白菜T.shennongjiaensis聚为一支,位于分支树的基部;地黄属的地黄R.glutinosa、茄叶地黄R.solanifolia、天目地黄R.chingii、湖北地黄R.henryi、高地黄和裂叶地黄为另一支。在地黄属中,高地黄和裂叶地黄之间的亲缘关系最近,地黄和裂叶地黄关系最远。本研究结果不支持把高地黄和裂叶地黄作为两个独立的种。地黄属与崖白菜属在遗传上具有较高水平的相似性,它们在生活史和形态学上仍然保留有许多共同的特征,说明它们之间分化的时间可能不长。     

地黄属和崖白菜属的数量分类

选择地黄属Rehmannia和崖白菜属Triaenophora的8种植物55个形态学、细胞学、花粉学等性状指标, 根据种间欧氏距离, 利用NTSYS-pc Version 2.10e 软件中的UPGMA聚类分析方法和主成分分析方法, 首次对这两个属进行数值分类学研究。结果表明: 地黄属与崖白菜属是两个自然类群, 除地黄属内的高地黄与裂叶地黄在UPGMA聚类中不能分开外, 其他物种都能很好地分开。数量分类支持最近新发表的神农架崖白菜新种。     

崖白菜的愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

通过愈伤组织诱导不定芽发生途径,建立了崖白菜的组培再生体系,研究了崖白菜幼嫩子房和不同植物生长调节剂对其愈伤组织诱导和不定芽发生的影响。结果表明,以崖白菜的幼嫩子房作为外植体,诱导子房分化形成愈伤组织的最适培养基为MS＋6．BA1．0mg·L-1＋2,4-D0．2mg·L-1,诱导率可达82．83％;最适的不定芽分化培养基为Ms＋6-BA0．5mg·L-1＋NAA0．1mg·L-1;诱导不定芽生根的最适培养基为1／2MS＋NAA0．1mg·L-1。     

地黄属（Rehmannia）和崖白菜属（Triaenophora）植物的叶表皮形态特征

利用扫描电子显微镜对车前科(P lantaginaceae)地黄属(Rehmannia)和崖白菜属(Triaenophora)8种植物成熟叶片的背面进行了观察。地黄属和崖白菜属的气孔都突出于叶表面,气孔类型均为无规则型;毛被有2种类型,即单列多细胞疏柔毛 单列多细胞腺毛和单列多细胞棉毛 单列多细胞腺毛。气孔和毛被在种间无明显的差异,不能作为分种依据,但毛被在属间具有明显的差异,具有一定的属间分类意义。     

地黄属(Rehmannia)和崖白菜属(Triaenophora)植物的叶表皮形态特征

利用扫描电子显微镜对车前科(P lantaginaceae)地黄属(Rehmannia)和崖白菜属(Triaenophora)8种植物成熟叶片的背面进行了观察。地黄属和崖白菜属的气孔都突出于叶表面,气孔类型均为无规则型;毛被有2种类型,即单列多细胞疏柔毛+单列多细胞腺毛和单列多细胞棉毛+单列多细胞腺毛。气孔和毛被在种间无明显的差异,不能作为分种依据,但毛被在属间具有明显的差异,具有一定的属间分类意义。     

三叶崖爬藤中的新黄酮碳甙

从三叶崖爬藤（Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg)的95%乙醇提取物中分离得到3个黄酮碳甙,经化学方法和光谱分析鉴定为：5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮-6-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖（1-4）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖甙（1）,5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮-8-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖（1-4）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖甙（2）,5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮-6,8-二-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙（3）,1和2为新化合物,分别命名为崖爬藤甙和异崖爬藤甙。     

三叶崖爬藤中的新黄酮碳甙

从三叶崖爬藤(Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg.)的95%乙醇提取物中分离得到3个黄酮碳甙,经化学方法和光谱分析鉴定为:5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮-6-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1-4)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖甙(1),5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮-8-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1-4)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖甙(2),5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮-6,8-二-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(3),1和2为新化合物,分别命名为崖爬藤甙和异崖爬藤甙.     

大穗崖豆一新变种

大穗崖豆一新变种钱义咏（云南省思茅行署林业局,思茅县６６５０００）关键词多小叶大穗崖豆ＡＮＥＷＶＡＲＩＥＴＹＯＦＭＩＬＬＥＴＴＩＡＭＡＣＲＯＳＴＡＣＨＹＡ￥ＱｉａｎＹｉｙｏｎｇ（ＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＢｕｒｅａｕｏｆＳｉｍａｏＡｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｖｅＯ...     

崖椒茎的化学成分

从崖椒（Zanthoxglum schinifolutm Sieb.et Zucc.)茎的石油醚、二氯甲烷提取物中分离得到8个化合物。经物理常数测定及光谱（UV,IR,MS,NMR)分析鉴定其为（1）白鲜碱（dictamning),（2）茵芋碱（skimmianine),(3)滨蒿内酯（scoparone),(4)崖椒内酯（schinifolin),(5)莨菪亭（scopoletin),（6）7-羟基-8-甲氧基香豆素（7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumarin),（7）N-甲基弗林辛（N-methylflindersine),（8）β-谷甾醇（β-sitosterol),其中化合物（5）、（6）和（7）为首次从该植物中分离。     

小剂量16O8+离子预辐射减轻大剂量辐射所致小鼠睾丸组织损伤

为了了解小剂量重离子辐射诱导小鼠睾丸结构的适应性反应,采用小剂量(0.05Gy)~(16)O~(8 )离子照射B6C3F_1雄性小鼠睾丸。4h后,再给予2Gy~(16)O~(8 )离子照射。照射后第35天取材在光镜下观察睾丸结构。结果显示,大剂量(2Gy)照射明显损伤睾丸组织,主要表现为曲精细管直径几乎减小一半,精管内各发育阶段的生殖细胞减少或消失,特别是精原细胞几乎完全消失。而Leydig细胞和Sertoli细胞仅有轻度核固缩及胞浆减少。提示睾丸生殖细胞的辐射敏感性明显高于其间质组织细胞。预先给予小剂量(0.05Gy)照射可明显减轻随后大剂量(2Gy)辐射对睾丸组织的损伤。提示小剂量重离子辐射可诱导小鼠睾丸结构明显的适应性反应。     

菊科亚菊属川甘亚菊类群订正

本文对作者本人在1983年《中国植物志》第76卷第一分册12l页上针对川甘亚菊处理过宽的问题,重新作出了订正。本文确认川甘亚菊、灰叶亚菊、深裂亚菊及下白亚菊分别为不同的种,并作出了这四个种的分种检索表。     

我国现有的金鱼品种的分类及其系统发育的探讨1)

一、引言 金鱼是我国广大人民乐于饲养的一种家养观赏鱼类。它是由野生红黄色鲫鱼演变而来的。明朝李时珍在《本草纲目》中记载:金鱼“述异记载晋桓冲游庐山,见湖中有赤鳞鱼,即此也。”他还写道:“自宋始有畜者,今则处处家养玩矣。”因此可以认为金鱼起源于我国晋朝(公元265—420年间)。至今已有一千多年的历史了。 李璞(1959)报道了我国的金鱼品种已有二十余个。徐金声等(1980)报道有143个之多。耶么迄今为止我国的金鱼品种究竟有多少呢?为了弄清我国的金鱼品种资源,作者曾在北京等十七个省市的各大公园和花木公司所属鱼场作了调查。在调查过程中,我们     

我国半乳甘露聚糖胶资源利用前景初探

半乳甘露聚糖植物胶加工是我国70年代中期兴起的新兴产业。本文从我国植物资源发展的角度。重点论证了瓜尔豆（Cyanopsis tetragonoloba（L.）Taubert.）、田菁（Sesbania cannabina(Retz.)Pers.)、胡芦巴（Trigonella foenum-graecum L.）的生产情况,认为胡芦巴适应性强、产量高、易于机械化大面积种植与轮作,并具有改良土壤以及经济效益好等优势。因此,发展半乳甘露聚糖胶资源,大量种植胡芦巴是最好的选择。     

Concurrent Removal of Mn(II) and Cr(VI) by Achromobacter sp. TY3-4

In this study, we report a bacterium, Achromobacter sp. TY3-4, capable of concurrently removing Mn (II) and Cr (VI) under oxic condition. TY3-4 reduced as much as 2.31?mM of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) in 70?h, and oxidized as much as 20?mM of Mn(II) to Mn oxides in 80?h. When 0.58?mM Cr (VI) and 10?mM Mn(II) were present together, both Cr(VI) and Mn(II) were completely removed by TY3-4 and the generated precipitates are Mn^IIIOOH, Mn^III,IV₃O₄, Mn^IVO₂ and Cr^III(OH)₃. Experiments also show that both biosroption and bioreduction of Mn(II) are the driving forces for Mn(II) removal, whereas bioreduction of Cr(VI) is the driving force for Cr(VI) removal. On the basis of these results, a possible reaction was proposed that TY3-4 concurrently reduces Cr(VI) and oxidizes Mn(II). This study is fundamental for Mn and Cr cycles. The strain shows potential for practical application.     

Mutagen-sensitive mutants in Drosophila melanogaster: effects on premutational damage.

Drosophila melanogaster males from a Basc stock were mutagenized with either X-rays, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), or nitrogen mustard (HN2). Groups of identically treated males were crossed to different types of female. Sex-linked recessive lethals were scored as a genetic end point. The females used were homozygous for X-chromosomal mutations (mus(1)101D1, mus(1)104D1, mei-9 or mei-41D5) which lead to defective DNA repair and which increase the mutagen sensitivity of larvae. Females from a white stock with normal DNA repair capacities served as controls. The premutational lesions induced in mature sperm are only processed after insemination by the maternal enzyme systems present in the oocytes. Differences in the efficiency of the processing of lesions can lead to maternal effects on the frequency of mutations recovered from mutagenized sperm. It was found that, with the exception of mus(1)104D1, all mutants analysed significantly modify the mutation fixation of one or more types of premutational lesions. The most drastic effect is found with the mus(1)101D1 stock in which HN2-induced DNA cross-links do not lead to sex-linked recessive lethals. It is assumed that mus(1)101D1 is defective in an early step of DNA cross-link repair. Our first set of data clearly demonstrates that the study of maternal effects in Drosophila is an efficient tool to analyse the in vivo function of repair mutations on chemically induced mutagenesis.     

A novel fluorescent probe based on naphthalimide for imaging nitroreductase (NTR) in bacteria and cells

A nitroreductase (NTR) responsive fluorescent probe, Na-NO₂, comprising p-nitrobenzyl as the unique recognition group and 1,8-naphthalimide as fluorophore, was synthesized. Na-NO₂ showed remarkable fluorescence “turn-on” signal in the presence of NTR under DMSO/H₂O (1:19, v/v) buffered with PBS (pH = 7) solution in the presence of NADH (300 µM). Furthermore, the probe has a low detection limit down to 3.4 ng/mL and it is very sensitive towards the NTR in Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), normal and tumor cells such as HL-7702, HepG-2 and MCF-7.