乳杆菌代谢产物对化脓性链球菌的抑制作用

【目的】分析乳杆菌代谢产物对化脓性链球菌的抑制作用。【方法】基于双层平板打孔法,通过测量抑菌圈大小来检测乳杆菌代谢产物对化脓性链球菌的抑菌作用;然后分别采用高效液相色谱法和4-氨酰安替比林法检测乳杆菌代谢产物中的有机酸和H2O2含量;最后,检测乳酸、乙酸和H2O2对化脓性链球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。【结果】对化脓性链球菌的抑菌效果以植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0667最好,副干酪乳杆菌KLDS1.0342-1次之,瑞士乳杆菌KLDS1.0203抑菌效果最差;乳酸和乙酸产量KLDS1.0667>KLDS1.0342-1>KLDS1.0203;H2O2产量KLDS1.0203>KLDS1.0667>KLDS1.0342-1。在抑菌试验中,乳杆菌的发酵上清液经去除H2O2处理后抑菌圈直径都减小;将发酵上清液的p H调至7.0后均检测不到抑菌圈。结果表明,乳杆菌代谢产物中对化脓性链球菌起抑制作用的主要物质为有机酸和H2O2,其中乳酸是产生抑菌作用的最主要物质。乳酸、乙酸和H2O2对化脓性链球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为1.28、0.64和0.008 g/L,对化脓性链球菌的最小杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为5.12、2.56和0.032 g/L。【结论】乳杆菌可利用其代谢产物对化脓性链球菌产生抑制作用,主要抑菌物质为有机酸和H2O2。     

猪细小病毒VP2蛋白在干酪乳杆菌表面的表达

将编码猪细小病毒主要免疫保护性抗原VP2基因插入干酪乳杆菌细胞表面表达载体pPG中,构建了重组表达载体pPG-VP2,将其电转化干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei 393,获得了表达猪细小病毒VP2蛋白的重组干酪乳杆菌系统,经2%乳糖在MRS培养基中的诱导表达,SDS-PAGE检测表明,有约74kD蛋白得到了表达,表达蛋白的大小与理论值相符。Western-blot结果分析表明,表达的蛋白可被鼠源PPV抗血清所识别,间接免疫荧光实验结果表明,所表达的蛋白能够在干酪乳杆菌菌体表面检测到。     

产气荚膜梭菌α毒素在干酪乳杆菌中的诱导表达及其小鼠口服免疫力

[目的]构建产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens,C.perfringents)α毒素基因的重组干酪乳杆菌口服疫苗,为产气荚膜梭菌毒素中毒的防治提供有效方法.[方法]将构建的重组产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因细胞表面型载体pPG1及分泌表达载体pPG2电转化乳酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei L.casei),获得阳性重组菌pPG1-α/L.case/393乳酸乳杆菌表面表达系统和pPG2-α/L.casei 393乳酸乳杆菌分泌表达系统.重组菌以1%乳糖为诱导物,在MRS培养基中进行诱导,通过Western-blot和间接免疫荧光方法鉴定,确定目的蛋白的表达.将重组菌口服免疫BALB/c小鼠,收集免疫小鼠粪便及眼冲洗液及外生殖道黏液样本测定小鼠产生抗α毒素的特异性slgA抗体水平,采集小鼠血液样本测定血清中抗α毒素的特异性lgG抗体水平.并对免疫小鼠进行α毒素的腹腔攻毒试验及对获得的抗血清进行α毒素中和试验测定.[结果]重组干酪乳杆菌pPG1-α/L.casei 393及pPG2-/L.casei 393免疫小鼠能够产生明显的抗α毒素的slgA和IgG抗体水平,其对α毒素中和试验结果为完全保护.腹腔攻毒实验结果为能抵抗3倍最小致死剂量(minimum lethal dose,MLD100)的α毒素攻击.[结论]表达产气荚膜梭菌α毒素免疫保护性抗原的重组乳酸乳杆菌口服免疫动物能够产生良好的局部和系统体液免疫应答和免疫中和效力.     

产气荚膜梭菌α毒素在干酪乳杆菌中的诱导表达及小鼠口服免疫保护效力的测定

摘要: 【目的】构建产气荚膜梭菌（Clostridium perfringens, C．perfringens）α 毒素基因的重组干酪乳杆菌口服疫苗,为产气荚膜梭菌毒素中毒的防治提供有效方法。【方法】将构建的重组产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因细胞表面型载体pPG1及分泌表达载体pPG2电转化乳酸乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei L.casei）,获得阳性重组菌pPG1-α/ L.casei 393 乳酸乳杆菌表面表达系统和pPG2-α/ L.casei393乳酸乳杆菌分泌表达系统。重组菌以1%乳糖为诱导物,在MRS培养基中进行诱导,通过Western-blot和间接免疫荧光方法鉴定,确定目的蛋白的表达。将重组菌口服免疫BALB/c小鼠,收集免疫小鼠粪便及眼冲洗液及外生殖道黏液样本测定小鼠产生抗α毒素的特异性sIgA 抗体水平,采集小鼠血液样本测定血清中抗α毒素的特异性IgG抗体水平。并对免疫小鼠进行α毒素的腹腔攻毒实验及对获得的抗血清进行α毒素中和试验测定。【结果】重组干酪乳杆菌pPG1-α/ L.casei 393及pPG2-/ L.casei 393免疫小鼠能够产生明显的抗α毒素的sIgA 和IgG 抗体水平,其对α毒素中和试验结果为完全保护。腹腔攻毒实验结果为能抵抗3倍最小致死剂量的α毒素攻击。【结论】表达产气荚膜梭菌α毒素免疫保护性抗原的重组乳酸乳杆菌口服免疫动物能够产生良好的局部和系统体液免疫应答和免疫中和效力。     

猪细小病毒VP2与大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位在干酪乳杆菌表面共表达

将分别编码猪细小病毒(PPV)主要免疫保护性抗原VP2蛋白与大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位(LTB)基因插入乳酸杆菌细胞表面表达载体pPG中, 成功构建了重组表达载体pPG-VP2-LTB, 将其电转化干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei 393, 获得了表达猪细小病毒VP2-LTB融合蛋白的重组乳酸菌表达系统, 经2%乳糖诱导, SDS-PAGE和Western-blot检测表明, 有大小约78 kD的蛋白得到了表达, 具有与天然病毒蛋白一样的抗原特异性, 全细胞ELISA结果表明, LTB同     

猪瘟病毒T细胞表位E290多肽与猪细小病毒VP2蛋白在干酪乳杆菌中的共表达及免疫小鼠特异性抗体的测定

将分别编码猪瘟病毒T细胞表位E290多肽和猪细小病毒主要保护性抗原VP2蛋白的重组基因插入干酪乳杆菌分泌型表达载体pPG中,构建了重组表达载体pPG-VP2-E290,将其电转化干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei 393,获得了猪瘟病毒T细胞表位E290多肽与猪细小病毒VP2蛋白的乳酸菌共表达系统,经2%乳糖在MRS培养基中的诱导表达,对诱导表达的菌体及培养上清液进行SDS-PAGE检测表明,有约70kDa蛋白得到了表达,表达蛋白的大小与理论值相符。Western blot分析结果表明所表达的蛋白具有与天然病毒蛋白一样的抗原特异性。以诱导表达上清液作为抗原进行的间接ELISA实验也表明,重组的目的蛋白获得了分泌表达。将该重组干酪乳杆菌经口服接种途径免疫BALB/c小鼠,收集粪便样品检测小鼠产生抗PPV的特异性sIgA抗体,采集血液样本检测血清中抗PPV及抗E290的特异性IgG。结果表明分泌型的重组菌pPG-VP2-E290/L.casei 393免疫小鼠能够产生明显的抗体水平,为重组猪瘟与猪细小病毒乳酸菌口服活菌疫苗的研制奠定了重要的物质基础。     

重组猪乳铁蛋白N端的高效表达及抑菌活性检测

为获得表达猪乳铁蛋白基因的重组菌株,并检测其表达的重组猪乳铁蛋白抑菌活性,应用RT-PCR方法从泌乳3d后母猪乳腺组织中扩增了猪乳铁蛋白N端1077bp的PLF-N基因片段,与GenBank上发表的4株猪乳铁蛋白基因序列相比,核苷酸同源性均达到99%以上。为了得到高表达量的PLF-N基因,以扩增的PLF-N片段为参考模板,经过密码子优化,全基因合成了编码猪乳铁蛋白N端的基因PLF-NS。将其定向插入到原核表达载体pET-30b中,转化大肠杆菌BL21,获得了表达PLF-NS的重组菌pET-PLF-NS/BL21;经IPTG诱导,并对表达条件进行优化,以及通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析均表明猪乳铁蛋白得到了正确表达,其产物分子量约为42kDa,最优表达条件下蛋白表达量占菌体总蛋白的32%,表达产物以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经裂解、纯化、复性处理后纯度达到98%。用琼脂孔穴扩散抑菌法检测表明重组猪乳铁蛋白具有明显的抑菌作用。表明通过基因优化对表达量低的基因进行改造使之高效表达,是一种提高表达效率的有效手段。     

不同质粒电转三种乳酸菌的比较研究

为比较研究不同质粒针对不同乳酸茵的电转效率的差异,分别以乳酸乳球菌NZ9000、干酪乳杆菌LC2W和植物乳杆菌WCFS1三种乳酸菌为受体,以七种不同质粒为载体,进行电转实验.结果表明在乳酸乳球菌NZ9000中,转化效率最高的是pIB 184质粒,达到了1.53×107 cfg/μgDNA,在干酪乳杆菌LC2W中,pSIP403质粒的电转化效率最高,达到了6.42×105 cfg/μgDNA,在植物乳杆菌WCFS1的电转化中,是pNZ44质粒达到8.68×105 cfg/μgDNA的最高转化效率.其中质粒pIB184和pNZ44在三种菌株中均有较高的电转化效率,超过了103 cfg/μgDNA,另一方面T-pAMS100、pSIP403、pSIP409三个质粒在干酪乳杆菌与植物乳杆菌中的电转化效率明显高于乳酸乳球菌.不同质粒针对不同乳酸茵的转化效率为乳酸茵的高效电转和表达栽体的选择与构建提供了可行依据.     

短小芽孢杆菌β-1，4-甘露聚糖酶的酶学性质及其在干酪乳杆菌中的表达

摘要:【目的】干酪乳杆菌广泛的应用于食品加工和饲料行业,本研究拟构建表达甘露聚糖酶的重组干酪乳杆菌并进行相关评价。【方法】利用干酪乳杆菌表达载体pELX1和pELSH,将短小芽孢杆菌的β-1,4-甘露聚糖酶成熟肽的基因克隆到上述两个载体中,构建的重组质粒电转化到干酪乳杆菌宿主中,分别构建能够胞内表达和分泌表达甘露聚糖酶的重组干酪乳杆菌。【结果】重组干酪乳杆菌菌株经培养后,胞内表达的β-1,4-甘露聚糖酶在重组细胞总蛋白中最高可达23 U/mg,分泌表达培养基上清的β-1,4-甘露聚糖酶最高达到8.8 U/mL。【结论】本研究首次实现了甘露聚糖酶在干酪乳杆菌中的表达,结果表明该重组干酪乳杆菌具有较大的应用前景,值得进一步研究。     

重组干酪乳杆菌在模拟消化环境中生存性能的研究

目的 探讨重组干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei 393在模拟胃肠道环境中的存活能力.方法 人工模拟胃肠道环境,即人工胃液（pH=1.5～4.5）、人工肠液、胆汁（质量浓度0.3～3.0 g/L）和高盐（质量浓度40～90g/L）.结果 重组干酪乳杆菌在pH为2.5～4.5的人工胃液中具有较强的生存能力,3 h活菌数仍达108/ml;在人工肠液中经过不同时间的作用后,重组干酪乳杆菌显出生长趋势;在0.3%的胆汁环境作用8 h仍有存活,且能耐受7%NaCl浓度的高渗环境.结论 实验为干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei 393能否作为益生菌制剂在胃肠道中发挥作用提供了理论基础.     

Metabolic flux analysis of carbon balance in Lactobacillus strains

Metabolic flux analyses were performed based on the carbon balance of six different Lactobacillus strains used in this study. Results confirmed that L. delbrueckii, L. plantarum ATCC 21028, L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 ΔldhL1, L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 ΔldhL1‐pCU‐PxylAB, and L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 ΔldhL1‐pLEM415‐xylAB metabolized glucose via EMP: whereas, L. brevis metabolized glucose via PK pathway. Xylose was metabolized through the PK pathway in L. brevis, L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 ΔldhL1‐pCU‐PxylAB and L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 ΔldhL1‐pLEM415‐xylAB. Operation of both EMP and PK pathways was found in L. brevis, L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 ΔldhL1‐pCU‐PxylAB, and L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 ΔldhL1‐pLEM415‐xylAB when glucose plus xylose were used as carbon source. The information of detailed carbon flow may help the strain and biomass selection in a designed process of lactic acid biosynthesis. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1397–1403, 2016     

Lactobacillus diolivorans二醇脱水酶激活因子基因的克隆、测序与功能鉴定

根据二醇脱水酶与甘油脱水酶的激活因子基因序列同源性分析,设计简并引物从L.diolivorans基因组DNA中扩增出了假定的二醇脱水酶激活因子基因(gldG、gldH)全序列,补全了GenBank中该基因序列的未知部分,构建了表达质粒pSE-gldGH,以E.coliBL21为宿主,进行诱导表达.表达产物的变性与非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析表明:gldGH表达产生68ku、13ku两个蛋白质,它们经金属螯合亲和层析与凝胶过滤得到共纯化,纯化产物即假定的激活因子为分子质量约325ku的蛋白质聚合体,由这两个蛋白质以等摩尔量组成,因此假定的激活因子可能为α4β4亚基结构.以L.diolivorans二醇脱水酶为对象,进行激活实验,结果证实gldGH表达产物具备二醇脱水酶激活因子的功能.     

环丙沙星预先处理牙鲆消化道对干酪乳杆菌定植的影响

利用1株干酪乳杆菌,通过实验研究用环丙沙星预先处理牙鲆消化道后乳杆菌的定植和演替规律。在投喂含有1.2×10^9CFU/g乳杆菌的饲料5 d后,消化道定植的乳杆菌超过106CFU/g,其后维持在10^6～10^8CFU/g动态平衡中。同时随着乳杆菌的投喂,不经环丙沙星预先处理牙鲆消化道的正常组,鱼消化道的弧菌数从10^7～8CFU/g降低到10^6CFU/g左右;而经环丙沙星预先处理牙鲆消化道的药饵组,鱼胃、小肠和盲囊的弧菌数则是先增加,然后显著下降。停喂乳杆菌7 d后,2个实验组鱼消化道的乳杆菌均从10^5～6CFU/g下降到10^4CFU/g,干酪乳杆菌正常组鱼盲囊中弧菌从10^5CFU/g回升到10^6CFU/g,胃和小肠中弧菌数量基本不变。干酪乳杆菌药饵组则有所不同：除胃中弧菌数量则基本不变外,盲囊和小肠中弧菌数量继续下降,其原因有待进一步研究。实验结果表明,干酪乳杆菌能在牙鲆消化道内定植,而用预先处理牙鲆消化道后,更有利于乳杆菌的定植;乳杆菌的投喂和定植,使牙鲆消化道中的弧菌数量明显下降。     

A one-step reaction for the rapid identification of Lactobacillus mindensis, Lactobacillus panis, Lactobacillus paralimentarius, Lactobacillus pontis and Lactobacillus frumenti using oligonucleotide primers designed from the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic sequences

Aims:  Species-specific primers targeting the 16S–23S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) intergenic spacer region (ISR) were designed to rapidly discriminate between Lactobacillus mindensis , Lactobacillus panis , Lactobacillus paralimentarius , Lactobacillus pontis and Lactobacillus frumenti species recently isolated from French sourdough.
Methods and Results:  The 16S–23S ISRs were amplified using primers 16S/p2 and 23S/p7, which anneal to positions 1388–1406 of the 16S rRNA gene and to positions 207–189 of the 23S rRNA gene respectively, Escherichia coli numbering (GenBank accession number V00331 ). Clone libraries of the resulting amplicons were constructed using a pCR2·1 TA cloning kit and sequenced. Species-specific primers were designed based on the sequences obtained and were used to amplify the 16S–23S ISR in the Lactobacillus species considered. For all of them, two PCR amplicons, designated as small ISR (S-ISR) and large ISR (L-ISR), were obtained. The L-ISR is composed of the corresponding S-ISR, interrupted by a sequence containing tRNA^Ile and tRNA^Ala genes. Based on these sequences, species-specific primers were designed and proved to identify accurately the species considered among 30 reference Lactobacillus species tested.
Conclusions:  Designed species-specific primers enable a rapid and accurate identification of L. mindensis , L. paralimentarius , L. panis , L. pontis and L. frumenti species among other lactobacilli.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  The proposed method provides a powerful and convenient means of rapidly identifying some sourdough lactobacilli, which could be of help in large starter culture surveys.     

Identification of the replication region of Lactobacillus acidophilus plasmid pLA103

Abstract The structure of the region necessary for replication of the plasmid pLA103 from Lactobacillus acidophilus TK8912 has been characterized. Sequence analysis revealed that the replication region contained an open reading frame (OrfA) encoding a 282-amino acid peptide preceded by a 22-bp tandem repeat sequence region. The predicted OrfA protein showed homology to the replication protein of a plasmid from Pediococcus halophilus . The plasmid containing the repeat sequence region preceding OrfA was able to replicate in the Lactobacillus host when provided with OrfA in trans , suggesting that the repeat sequence region contains the origin sequence essential for the pLA103 replication.     

Characterisation of a cell-envelope proteinase from Lactobacillus helveticus

The cell-envelope proteinase from Lactobacillus helveticus CRL 1062 was detected in the cell membrane fraction. The enzyme remained associated with the cells even after treatment with lysozyme and was not released from washed cells in absence of calcium. The proteinase was maximally active at pH 6.5–7.0 and 42°C and hydrolysed - and -caseins at different rates. Activity was inhibited (98%) by 1 mM PMSF, suggesting it was a serine-type protease.     

乳酸杆菌对实验性急性胰腺炎损伤的治疗价值

目的探讨乳酸杆菌对急性胰腺炎的治疗作用。方法采用家兔急性胰腺炎模型,其中实验组给予乳酸杆菌干预,检测实验组、对照组血清淀粉酶、血清钙和血糖3项指标。结果实验组血清淀粉酶水平低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论乳酸杆菌对实验性急性胰腺损伤有修复作用。     

Nucleic acid studies on some heterofermentative lactobacilli: Description of Lactobacillus malefermentans sp.nov. and Lactobacillus parabuchneri sp.nov.

Chemotaxonomic studies were performed on some heterofermentative lactobacilli of uncertain taxonomic position. Two strains from beer and six strains from a variety of habitats were found to be distinct from each other and all other Lactobacillus species examined on the basis of DNA-DNA hybridizations and warrant new species for which the names L. malefermentans and L. parabuchneri , respectively, are proposed.     

Metabolic pathway of α‐ketoglutarate in Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis and Lactobacillus reuteri during sourdough fermentation

Aim: To identify metabolites of α‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG) in Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis and Lactobacillus reuteri in modified MRS and sourdough. Methods and Results: Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis and L. reuteri were grown with additional α‐KG in mMRS and in wheat sourdough. In mMRS, α‐KG was used as an electron acceptor and converted to 2‐hydroxyglutarate (2‐OHG) by both organisms. Production of 2‐OHG was identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and confirmed by gas chromatography (GC). Crude cell extracts of L. sanfranciscensis and L. reuteri grown with or without α‐KG exhibited OHG dehydrogenase activity of 6·3 ± 0·3, 2·3 ± 0·9, 1·2 ± 0·2, and 1·1 ± 0·1 mmol l^?1 NADH (min x mg protein)^?1, respectively. The presence of phenylalanine and citrate in addition to α‐KG partially redirected the use of α‐KG from electron acceptor to amino group acceptor. In wheat sourdoughs, α‐KG was predominantly used as electron acceptor and converted to 2‐OHG. Conclusions: Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis and L. reuteri utilize α‐KG as electron acceptor. Alternative use of α‐KG as amino group acceptor occurs in the presence of abundant amino donors and citrate. Significance and Impact of the Study: The use of α‐KG as electron acceptor in heterofermentative lactobacilli impacts the formation of flavour volatiles through the transamination pathway.