不同生长期罗汉果蛋白组图谱比较研究

目的:分析、比较30d和60d两个不同时期罗汉果蛋白质组图谱,寻找与罗汉果发育、成熟及罗汉果甜甙生成密切相关基因,为罗汉果的开发和品种改良提供基础。方法:采用双向电泳(2-DE)技术构建30d和60d罗汉果蛋白质组图谱,应用Im-ageMaster 2D图像分析软件对所得蛋白质组图谱进行分析。结果:30d和60d两个不同时期罗汉果蛋白质组图谱有明显差别,与30d罗汉果蛋白组图谱比较,随果实发育、成熟,60d罗汉果有29个新的蛋白产生,30个蛋白消失,16个蛋白表达3倍升高和15个蛋白表达50%下调。结论:罗汉果生长、发育和成熟的不同阶段受特定基因的表达调控。     

罗汉果果实不同发育时期SSH文库的构建

以罗汉果授粉后50 d和70 d果实为材料,利用抑制消减杂交技术构建了罗汉果果实在不同生育时期皂苷生物合成相关基因的差减cDNA文库.在正向差减文库(70 d为tester,50 d果实为driver)中随机挑选了641个cDNA阳性克隆测序,得到622条有效序列,重组率在96%以上.外源片段的长度分布在101～934...     

SlCBL1基因在番茄抗灰霉病中的作用

以番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)品种‘Micro Tom’为试材,分析番茄叶片和果实的灰霉病发病规律,及番茄类钙调磷酸酶B基因(tomato calcineurin B-like gene,SlCBL1)在叶片和果实中的表达变化;比较转SlCBL1基因番茄与对照的叶片和果实的灰霉病发病过程,分析转基因番茄抗病相关转录因子表达变化。结果表明:(1)非转基因番茄中,不同叶龄的叶片均在接种灰霉病4d开始发病;不同发育阶段的果实接种灰霉病后发病时间也不同,其中绿果(花后16~18d)接种5d还未发病,白果(花后34~36d)接种11d开始发病,红果(花后40~42d)接种5d开始发病;SlCBL1基因表达量在番茄叶片中较低,在绿果期和白果期的果实中表达量最高,红果期果实中表达量最低。(2)转SlCBL1基因后,SlCBL1基因的过量表达能够抑制番茄叶片和果实灰霉病发生;同时番茄叶片和果实中几乎所有的抗病转录因子的表达量都上调,其中WRKY转录因子家族基因SlWRKY33和SlWRKY70受到强烈调控。研究说明,SlCBL1基因过量表达能够提高番茄的抗灰霉能力,其主要机理是通过影响抗病相关转录因子进而调控番茄抗灰霉病的能力。     

荔枝果实酸性转化酶LcSAI生物信息学和表达分析

酸性转化酶作为蔗糖代谢中的关键酶,在还原糖积累型荔枝中表达及酶活性显著高于蔗糖积累型荔枝。为了全面了解酸性转化酶的生物学特征,该文通过运用生物信息学方法对荔枝果实酸性转化酶LcSAI基因的基本理化性质、蛋白二级结构、亲水性/疏水性、跨膜结构域、信号肽、磷酸化位点、保守结构域、系统进化进行系统的分析;利用qRT-PCR技术对LcSAI在'妃子笑'不同组织和果实不同发育阶段进行表达分析。结果表明:(1)荔枝果实酸性转化酶为定位于液泡的亲水性不稳定蛋白,无信号肽,其蛋白的二级结构主要有无规则卷曲和延伸链构件,并散布于整个蛋白;(2)在N-端含有一个跨膜区,包含两个保守结构域,位于N-端的Pfam DUF3357结构域和Glyco_32结构域,属于糖基水解酶基因家族32超家族;(3)系统进化分析结果显示LcSAI与龙眼酸性转化酶基因同源,不同组织间LcSAI表达水平为雄花根嫩茎种子嫩叶雌花果皮老叶,果实不同发育阶段LcSAI表达具有特异性。该研究为深入研究LcSAI果实酸性转化酶基因调控蔗糖代谢途径机理提供数据依据。     

取食不同辣椒品种果实成分对棉铃虫幼虫唾腺蛋白及相应基因表达的影响

【目的】棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera（Hübner）在不同辣椒Capsicum annuum L. 品种上的寄主适合度存在较大差异。本研究的目的是弄清不同辣椒品种对棉铃虫唾腺蛋白及相应基因表达的影响。【方法】通过双向电泳和实时荧光定量PCR（real-time quantitative PCR）的方法,探讨棉铃虫5龄幼虫取食添加辣椒碱含量不同的4个辣椒品种果实成分的人工饲料后,其唾腺中蛋白及相应基因表达的变化。【结果】双向电泳结果表明：取食4个处理的人工饲料后,棉铃虫5龄幼虫唾腺中蛋白质表达存在显著差异（P<0.05）,定量分析发现 28个蛋白点在不同处理间差异表达。通过ESI-Q-TOF-MS分析鉴定出15种差异表达蛋白,其中β-呋喃果糖苷酶（β-fructofuranosidase）、热休克蛋白70（HSP70）和翻译起始因子5A（eIF5A）在不同处理间差异较大。进一步荧光定量PCR分析显示：人工饲料中添加辣椒碱含量较高的果实成分能够促进棉铃虫β-fructofuranosidase基因的表达,添加辣椒碱含量较低的果实成分则抑制了该基因的表达;4个处理对棉铃虫hsp70基因的表达均表现出持续抑制,对eIF5A基因则均表现出一定程度的抑制。【结论】该结果为丰富和拓宽β-fructofuranosidase,hsp70 和eIF5A在昆虫中的功能研究、揭示棉铃虫对辣椒的寄主适应机制和生产上抗虫辣椒品种的选育提供了重要的基础材料。     

‘禾荔''优质晚熟突变体‘GLL-1''类黄酮糖基 转移酶基因LcUFGT的克隆与表达分析

'GLL-1'为'禾荔'中选育出的一个优质晚熟芽变新种质。为探讨'GLL-1'果实成熟期延迟的遗传基础,该研究以'禾荔'和'GLL-1'为实验材料,克隆花色素苷合成途径结构基因LcUFGT,并对其进行生物信息学预测及分析,同时通过qRT-PCR对LcUFGT基因在果实发育不同阶段的表达进行研究,分析LcUFGT的表达对突变体果实发育速度的影响。结果表明:(1) LcUFGT基因ORF长1 359 bp,编码453个氨基酸,推测蛋白质分子量约为50.16 kD。(2)序列比对发现所编码蛋白与'禾荔'等荔枝品种高度保守,在蛋白的C端具有PSPG盒。(3)在果实发育成熟进程中,'禾荔'和'GLL-1'果皮逐渐退绿转红,两者LcUFGT基因的表达量都呈先上升后下降的表达趋势,然而,'禾荔'LcUFGT基因的表达量在花后56 d显著增加,突变体'GLL-1'LcUFGT基因的表达量在花后67 d显著增加,LcUFGT基因在突变体'GLL-1'中显著上升表达的时间比'禾荔'延迟,且与果实发育延迟基本一致。以上结果表明,LcUFGT基因在荔枝果皮着色过程中发挥重要作用,是果实着色的关键基因之一,突变体'GLL-1'中的延迟表达是引起突变体晚熟的原因之一。     

不同遮荫处理罗汉果内在品质的变化研究

以罗汉果‘永青1号'品种为试验材料,在授粉30 d后,设置不遮荫、遮荫70%、遮荫95%三个处理,探讨遮荫对罗汉果总苷、总糖、维生素C等内在品质的影响。结果表明:在授粉30 d后,对罗汉果进行一定程度的遮荫处理,显著提高了罗汉果果实重要内含物总苷、甜苷Ⅴ、总糖和维生素C的含量,可有效改善罗汉果果实的内在品质。遮荫70%处理条件下较适宜罗汉果果实内含物的累积。     

‘三红蜜柚’CmCAD基因的克隆与表达分析

为了探究CmCAD基因在‘三红蜜柚’果实发育过程中的作用与表达规律,该研究以‘三红蜜柚’果实为材料,利用反转录PCR技术克隆获得3个‘三红蜜柚’CmCAD基因,分别命名为CmCAD1、CmCAD3和CmCAD4。对这3个基因所编码的蛋白进行了生物信息学分析,研究了它们在不同品种蜜柚及‘三红蜜柚’果实生长发育阶段的表达模式。结果表明:克隆得到的3个CmCAD基因cDNA长度分别为1 032 bp、1 080 bp和1 071 bp,编码344、360和357个氨基酸;生物信息分析发现3个CmCAD基因编码的蛋白含有相同的保守结构域,均有跨膜螺旋结构与磷酸化位点;系统进化树分析表明,CmCAD1、CmCAD3和CmCAD4分别与甜橙CsCAD1、拟南芥AtCAD9和甜橙CsCAD4的亲缘关系最近。实时定量PCR分析结果显示,3个CmCAD基因在不同品种蜜柚果实生长过程中表达水平存在差异,且3个CmCAD基因在‘三红蜜柚’果实发育过程中的表达规律也有所不同。研究推测,CmCAD4具有一定的潜在功能,可能参与调控‘三红蜜柚’果实中木质素的合成,但基因的具体功能与调控机理还需进一步探索。     

黄秋葵查尔酮合成酶基因AeCHS的克隆与表达分析

采用同源序列克隆和RT-PCR技术,首次克隆得到黄秋葵查尔酮合成酶基因(CHS)cDNA全长序列。序列分析表明,该序列全长1175 bp,包括一个1170 bp的完整ORF,编码389个氨基酸,命名为AeCHS。生物信息学分析表明,本研究所获得的AeCHS氨基酸序列与同科植物黄蜀葵和陆地棉的同源性较高,分别达99.23%和97.44%,AeCHS推断的氨基酸序列含有CHS蛋白的标签序列GFGPG以及4个保守活性位点Cys164、Phe215、His303、Asn336。实时荧光定量PCR分析黄秋葵果实、花、叶片不同发育时期AeCHS基因的表达量,结果表明AeCHS基因在上述植物材料中表现出不同的表达模式:花>果实>叶片,具体到不同植物组织,AeCHS基因在生长6 d的果实、盛开的花朵以及植株顶端第4片叶子中的表达量较高。     

低氧运动后不同恢复环境腓肠肌热休克蛋白70表达变化

目的：实验旨在观察急性间歇低氧（氧含量12．7％）跑台运动后不同恢复环境下大鼠腓肠肌热休克蛋白HSP70表达的时程变化。方法：雄性sD大鼠进行低氧环境下的急性间歇跑台运动,用Western blot方法检测低氧运动后即刻、低氧运动后低氧恢复及常氧氧恢复1d,2d,7d的大鼠腓肠肌HSP70蛋白表达水平。结果：急性间歇低氧运动后即刻HSP70蛋白表达水平开始升高。常氧恢复第1dHSP70蛋白表达水平显著高于常氧对照组,P〈0．05。第2d、第7d呈现先降低后升高的趋势;低氧恢复中HSP70蛋白表达水平均显著高于常氧对照组,P〈0．05。结论：急性间歇低氧运动后能诱导HSP70蛋白表达水平升高;低氧恢复过程中HSP70蛋白高水平表达维持的时间要比常氧恢复长。     

番茄MADS-box基因Lemads1的可变剪接与表达模式分析

可变剪接(alternative splicing) 是真核基因转录的普遍现象和重要调控方式,在生物体的各种生理过程中发挥着重要的作用。植物转录因子MADS box基因在植物生长发育中发挥重要作用。番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.) SEPALLATA (SEP) 亚族基因Lemads1是1个在番茄果实成熟过程中具有关键作用的MADS box家族成员,但至今尚未见其转录剪接模式的详细报道。本研究发现,Lemads1基因在转录时存在可变剪接现象,并检测到4种Lemads1可变剪接转录本,其扩增长度依次为：699 bp、741 bp、1 404 bp和1 539 bp。剪接方式有外显子选择性切除和内含子保留两种。这4种转录本编码长度为232 aa、246 aa和266 aa的3种蛋白质。氨基酸序列比对和系统进化分析结果表明,这3种蛋白序列的差异主要集中在C区,但并不影响它们的系统进化地位。在进化上,它们仍属于SEP亚家族LOFSEP亚支中的FBP9/23分支,与它们亲缘关系最近的番茄SEP类蛋白是SLMBP21。Lemads1反义RNA转基因植株表型观察结果表明,该基因可能参与番茄果实成熟和萼片发育过程;而组织特异性表达分析表明,该基因的4种转录本具有相似但并不完全相同的表达模式,它们都在萼片和果实中高表达,但在这2个组织发育过程中的表达变化却有明显差异。暗示这些可变剪接转录本在萼片和果实发育过程中扮演了不同的角色。本研究提供了番茄Lemads1基因存在可变剪切的重要信息,对该基因功能的深度发掘具有指导意义。     

Changes in lung macrophages during disease

Abstract The alveolar macrophage pool is morphologically and phenotypically heterogenous. Using monoclonal antibodies, homogeneous populations were isolated from broncho-alveolar lavage for functional studies. Such investigations revealed that some alveolar macrophages exhibit phagocytic ad microbicidal capacity, thus being equipped to act as effector cells (MoAb RFD7 +), while othrs exhibit the characteristics of antigen presenting cells (MoAb RFD1 +) involved in the induction of acquired T cell responses. In the investigation of cells from sarcoid patients, a third population was revealed, exhibiting the phenotype RFD1 + and RFD7 +. Functional studies of such cells showed them to act by suppressing T-cell responsiveness. The balance between these three populations alters in different disease processes and, in the case of sarcoidosis, is related to disease severity. It is propose that changes in the balance of these populations may directly influence the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung disease.     

基于葡萄EST数据库糖代谢途径有关基因的分析

以拟南芥糖代谢相关酶基因序列作为探针,对葡萄EST数据库进行同源检索筛选,获得相应的同源EST序列,并以葡萄果实cDNA为模板,通过PCR反应,对葡萄糖代谢途径相关基因进行了分析。进一步预测了葡萄糖代谢途径相关酶编码基因个数,分别位于1、4、5、6、7、8、11、12、13、16、17、18、19号染色体,另有3条序列未能定位到染色体,并对编码基因表达强弱进行了分析,为深入了解葡萄果实内糖代谢的机理提供一定的工作基础,也可以为如何调控果实糖代谢以及提高葡萄果实品质提供理论依据。     

Changes in lung macrophages during disease

The alveolar macrophage pool is morphologically and phenotypically heterogeneous. Using monoclonal antibodies, homogeneous populations were isolated from broncho-alveolar lavage for functional studies. Such investigations revealed that some alveolar macrophages exhibit phagocytic and microbicidal capacity, thus being equipped to act as effector cells (MoAb RFD7+), while others exhibit the characteristics of antigen presenting cells (MoAb RFD1+) involved in the induction of acquired T cell responses. In the investigation of cells from sarcoid patients, a third population was revealed, exhibiting the phenotype RFD1+ and RFD7+. Functional studies of such cells showed them to act by suppressing T-cell responsiveness. The balance between these three populations alters in different disease processes and, in the case of sarcoidosis, is related to disease severity. It is proposed that changes in the balance of these populations may directly influence the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung disease.     

Construction and characterization of a cDNA library from floral organs and fruitlets of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Citrus reticulata</Emphasis>

To explore and isolate genes related to flowering and fruit development, we constructed a cDNA library from floral organs and fruitlets of Ponkan mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). A total of 661 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated and submitted to GenBank with the accession numbers from GO343532 to GO344192. All these ESTs were assembled into 43 contigs and 296 singletons (totally 339 unigenes). The BLAST2GO software was employed to annotate the unigenes, among which 77 ones had no significant homology with the sequences in NCBI non-redundant proteins database by BLASTX analysis. Additionally, gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed an overview of sequences distribution, which implied some specially expressed genes related to flower and fruit development. Furthermore, some abundantly expressed unigenes involved in several crucial metabolic pathways related to fruit quality were highlighted and three types of homologues of miraculin-like protein2 were analyzed by both semiquantitative RT-PCR and real-time PCR. The results showed different expression profiles of these genes, which meant that they contribute distinctly to fruit development.     

红肉猕猴桃DFR基因的克隆及表达分析

利用葡萄（Vitis vinifera）果实的DFR-cDNA序列搜索猕猴桃（Actinidia Lindl.）EST数据库,拼接所有与该cDNA相似片段成contig并借此设计引物,分离出红肉猕猴桃（A.chinensis var.rufopulpa）中DFR的两个克隆（AcDFR1和AcDFR2）的片段。在此基础上利用5′RACE和3′RACE技术,分别克隆到具有完整阅读框的AcDFR1（1264 bp）和靠近3′端的部分AcDFR2序列（880 bp）。AcDFR1与茶DFR-cDNA（Camellia sinensis）相似达84%,且AcDFR1与非洲菊变种（Gerbera hybrida var.regina）的氨基酸序列相似达80%。据DFR聚类分析,AcDFR1与AcDFR2蛋白类型上差异显著。实时定量PCR分析表明,AcDFR1在‘金魁＇（A.chinensis var.deliciosa‘Jinkui＇）中表达很高,AcDFR1和AcDFR2在‘金农＇（A.chinensis var.chinensis‘Jinnong＇）与‘红阳＇（A.chinensis var.chinensis‘Hongyang＇）中较低,且在果实发育后期（大约花后90～120 d）均有所升高,二者可能参与了红肉猕猴桃中花青素的积累,而在绿肉猕猴桃‘金魁＇与黄肉猕猴桃‘金农＇中,AcDFR1可能还参与了类黄酮代谢过程中的上游分支途径。     

Separate ontogeny of two macrophage-like accessory cell populations in the human fetus

Human macrophage-like accessory cells were analyzed as they emerge in the absence of extrinsic antigens during fetal development. Monoclonal antibodies to monocytes/macrophages were used in combination with antibodies to HLA class II molecules. In the yolk sac and mesenchyme sampled at wk 4 to 6 of fertilization age, cells with dendritic morphology formed two populations distinguishable by phenotypic criteria: type i (majority) carried both macrophage-associated (RFD7+) and monocyte-associated markers (UCHM1+) but no detectable HLA-DR antigen, and type ii (minority) constitutively expressed class II (HLA-DR and -DP) but no RFD7 and UCHM1. The emergence of this heterogeneity preceded the formation of both thymus and bone marrow. During additional development, type i and type ii cells seeded to different microenvironments and underwent some additional phenotypic changes. Cells of type i, the RFD7+ population with high lysosomal (acid phosphatase) activity, were seen in the thymic cortex, marginal zone of lymph nodes, splenic red pulp, and in the midst of erythropoietic activity within the bone marrow. These cells were UCHM1- and class II-. Cells of type ii formed the population of HLA-DR+, RFD7- interdigitating cells, early inhabitants of T cell areas in the developing thymic medulla, lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsil. The Type ii cells that had already settled in their nichès expressed not only HLA-DR and -DP but also HLA-DQ, and another class II antigen identified by the antibody RFD1, which shows the restricted tissue distribution of HLA-DQ, but is governed by genes that are outside of and telomeric to the HLA-DQ region (or HLA-DR). Finally, subpopulations of macrophages (RFD7+, acid phosphatase-positive) in the fetal gastrointestinal and hepatic systems were HLA-DR+; the latter appear to include precursors of Kupffer cells in the developing liver.     

Decreased rate of leg extensor force development in independently ambulant patients with acute stroke with mild paresis

We aimed to examine the rate of force development (RFD) of knee extensors on both sides in independently ambulant patients with acute stroke with mild paresis compared with that in age-matched healthy adults. A total 31 patients with acute stroke history (patient group: 67 ± 12 years) and 54 age-matched healthy, community-dwelling adults (control group: 67 ± 8 years) were included. Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and RFD were assessed <1 month post-stroke during isometric knee extension (sitting position; 90° knee flexion) using a hand-held dynamometer. RFD was measured as the average slope of the torque–time curve over time intervals of 0–50 ms and 0–200 ms from contraction onset. In the patient group, MVC and RFD for 0–50 ms were significantly lower on the affected side than on the unaffected side (p < 0.01). RFD was significantly decreased in the patient group, to 32%–38% and 62%–71% of that in the control group, over 0–50 ms and 0–200 ms, respectively, regardless of the affected side (p < 0.01). No significant differences in MVC between patient and control groups were observed for either side. RFD of the knee extensors significantly decreased without MVC reduction in patients with acute stroke history compared with that in age-matched healthy adults in both the affected and unaffected sides. These results suggest that decrease in RFD was initiated from the acute phase of stroke, even in patients with stroke who had good motor function.     

Cloning and expression of genes related to the sucrose-metabolizing enzymes and carbohydrate changes in peach

To shed light on the relationship between sucrose metabolism and expression of genes related to sucrose-metabolizing enzymes, six genes encoding sucrose-metabolizing enzymes were isolated, and the levels of four main carbohydrates and related enzyme activities as well as the expression of these six genes were determined in fruits, leaves and phloem-enriched fraction throughout peach fruit development. Sucrose content in mature fruit ranked first followed by glucose, fructose and sorbitol in that order, while sorbitol was the highest and sucrose lowest in phloem-enriched fraction and leaves. Glucose and fructose had similar change patterns throughout fruit development. Cloning results reveal that the nucleotide sequences of the six genes have high similarity to corresponding genes isolated from other plants. In addition, the expression of these genes and the levels of related enzyme activities varied with tissue and stage of fruit development, suggesting a complexity in relationships between carbohydrates, enzymes activities and related gene expression. Sucrose phosphate synthase maybe a key enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis while sucrose synthase may mainly be responsible for sucrose synthesis in peach fruits at later stages of development. Further studies are needed to genetically and physiologically characterize these genes and enzymes in peach and to gain a better understanding of their functions and relationship with carbohydrate metabolism.