两类柑橘杂种砧木对脐橙幼树生长及若干生理生化指标的影响

以体细胞杂种红橘+枳、红橘+粗柠檬和有性杂种Swingle枳柚、Troyer枳橙(对照)作砧木的脐橙幼树为试材,以盆栽试验研究砧木对幼树的影响。结果表明,体细胞杂种砧木处理和有性杂种Swingle枳柚的树体生长势总体上强于对照;叶片可溶性糖含量较高的是红橘+粗柠檬处理和对照;叶绿素含量最高的是红橘+粗柠檬处理。两年中叶片POD活性分别与当年树冠体积呈负相关。     

两类杂种砧木资源对柑橘幼树生长和叶片矿质营养含量的影响

以柑橘体细胞杂种砧木资源红橘 枳和红橘 粗柠檬、有性杂种砧木资源Troyer枳橙和Swingle枳柚、枳(对照)作砧木的‘国庆4号’温州蜜柑2年生嫁接苗为试验材料．通过盆栽试验研究了砧木对苗木生长和叶片矿质营养含量的影响。结果表明,4种处理生长势比对照旺盛;红橘 枳处理花量极显著地高于对照,其余3种处理则反之;处理基本上不影响叶片N、K、Ca、Mg和Mn含最年变化动态的特征。而明显影响P、Fe和Zn含量的年变化动态的特征;在各不同时期,不同处理对叶片各矿质营养含量有明显的影响。本文还重点讨论了2类杂种砧小资源的利用价值。     

两类柑桔杂种砧木对脐橙(Citrus sinensis Osbeck)幼树生长和叶片糖营养含量年变化的影响

以体细胞杂种红桔＋枳和红桔＋粗柠檬、有性杂种Troyer枳橙和Swingle枳柚作砧木的耐湿脐橙(Citrus sinensis Osbeck)2年生嫁接苗为试材,通过盆栽试验研究了砧木对苗木生长和叶片糖营养含量年变化动态的影响。结果表明：红桔＋枳的生长势和花量明显地强于和大于其它砧木,红桔＋粗柠檬的生长和花量表现介于2种有性杂种之间。叶绿素a／b和类胡萝卜素含量在不同砧木间无显著差异,而不同砧木显著或极显著地影响叶绿素含量各指标。砧木影响叶片可溶性糖和淀粉含量年变化动态的基本特征。在休眠期,红桔＋枳的可溶性糖和淀粉含量都高于2种有性杂种砧木,而红桔＋粗柠檬则反之;在生长期,红桔＋粗柠檬的可溶性糖和淀粉含量表现出高于有性杂种砧木的趋势,而红桔＋枳则介于2种有性杂种砧木之间。同时还重点讨论了2种体细胞杂种砧木的利用价值。     

两类柑桔杂种砧木对脐橙(Citrus sinensis Osbeck)幼树生长和叶片糖营养含量年变化的影响

以体细胞杂种红桔+枳和红桔+粗柠檬、有性杂种Troyer枳橙和Swingle枳柚作砧木的耐湿脐橙(CitrussinensisOsbeck)2年生嫁接苗为试材,通过盆栽试验研究了砧木对苗木生长和叶片糖营养含量年变化动态的影响。结果表明:红桔+枳的生长势和花量明显地强于和大于其它砧木,红桔+粗柠檬的生长和花量表现介于2种有性杂种之间。叶绿素a/b和类胡萝卜素含量在不同砧木间无显著差异,而不同砧木显著或极显著地影响叶绿素含量各指标。砧木影响叶片可溶性糖和淀粉含量年变化动态的基本特征。在休眠期,红桔+枳的可溶性糖和淀粉含量都高于2种有性杂种砧木,而红桔+粗柠檬则反之;在生长期,红桔+粗柠檬的可溶性糖和淀粉含量表现出高于有性杂种砧木的趋势,而红桔+枳则介于2种有性杂种砧木之间。同时还重点讨论了2种体细胞杂种砧木的利用价值。     

柑橘体细胞杂种砧木对脐橙幼树生长及根和叶中抗氧化酶系活性的影响

以体细胞杂种红橘 枳、红橘 粗柠檬和有性杂种Troyer枳橙、Swingle枳柚作砧木的脐橙二年生嫁接苗为试材,于盆栽条件下研究砧木对苗木生长及根和叶中抗氧化酶系活性影响的结果表明,红橘 枳的生长势和花量明显强于和大于其它砧木,红橘 粗柠檬的生长和花量表现介于两种有性杂种之间;砧木不影响叶片中可溶性蛋白含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性年动态变化特征.4、6、8月,叶中POD活性高低分别与各次新梢生长量和树冠体积(8月)大小呈负相关;12月,根系与叶片的SOD和POD活性分别呈正相关,根系可溶性蛋白含量和根系CAT活性呈正相关.     

柑桔接穗对砧木生长及若干生理生化特性的影响

以体细胞杂种红桔+枳、红桔+粗柠檬和有性杂种Troyer枳橙、Swingle枳柚以及枳作砧木的"国庆4号"温州蜜柑、脐橙(无枳砧)和不嫁接的砧木幼树为试材,通过两年盆栽试验研究接穗对砧木生长、根系活力和根系抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,Swingle枳柚和红桔+粗柠檬的砧粗易受接穗影响,接穗显著地影响砧木根系体积。在一般情况下,同一种砧木嫁接后砧木根系活力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性低于未嫁接砧木,或与其差异不显著;同时存在接穗促进根系过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性升高的现象。     

柑桔矮化砧木的生理生化预选指标研究

以７４－１积、紫花宜昌橙、Ｒｕｓｋ枳橙、Ｔｒｏｙｅｒ枳橙、江南柑、９２号红桔和蟹橙为标准系列砧木,研究了它们的生理生化特征,从中筛选出了茎还原性糖含量、叶片还原性糖含量、叶片氨基酸含量、茎蛋白质含量、叶片过氧化物酶活性５个柑桔矮化预选指标和叶片可溶性糖含量、叶片蛋白质含量２个辅助预选指标。     

应用柑橘异源四倍体杂种花粉生产瘪籽沙田柚果实

以3个柑橘异源四倍体体细胞杂种(即四倍体粗柠檬与哈姆林甜橙体细胞杂种,简称"HR";酸柚与粗柠檬体细胞杂种,简称"SR";墨西哥来檬与伏令夏甜橙体细胞杂种,简称"KV")为父本,分别与二倍体单胚性沙田柚进行有性杂交,在生产上获得瘪籽沙田柚果实,并对果实品质进行分析(以四季柚花粉亲本为对照)。结果表明:授予柑橘异源四倍体杂种花粉的果实种子败育十分明显,果实瘪籽率达41.4%～96.0%,与对照间的差异极显著(P0.01);但果实单果重、果肉重、果皮重、果皮厚和果形指数与对照间无显著性差异(P0.05);果实可溶性固形物、全糖、Vc和可滴定酸含量与对照也无明显变化,且较适合于瘪籽沙田柚果实生产的体细胞杂种是HR和SR。     

不同种类柑橘的抗旱性及其与内源激素变化的关系

以红橘、朱橘、土橘、枳、枳橙、实生酸柚、实生甜橙、黄柑为材料,进行不同降水量的长期干旱胁迫后,测定生物量、抗旱系数及叶片中赤霉素(GA1+3)、玉米素核苷(ZR)、生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)含量,分析GA1+3、ZR、IAA、ABA的相对含量变化及ABA/GA1+3、ABA/ZR、ABA/IAA与8个种类柑橘抗旱性的关系.结果表明:在降水量低于1200 mm(对照)条件下,随降水量的减少不同种类柑橘的生物量明显降低,其抗旱系数及抗旱力大小顺序为朱橘红橘枳土橘枳橙实生酸柚实生甜橙黄柑.不同种类柑橘叶片中ABA含量随降水量的减少而增加,GA1+3、ZR和IAA含量随降水量的减少而降低.在抗旱性强的柑橘种类中,ABA/GA1+3和ABA/ZR的增加幅度大,ABA/IAA变化与种间抗旱力的关联度不大.ABA和GA1+3的相对含量与柑橘抗旱系数分别呈极显著正相关和极显著负相关,ZR的相对含量与抗旱性系数呈极显著或显著负相关,IAA的相对含量与抗旱性系数相关性不明显.对柑橘抗旱性的促进效果,以ABA最大,其次为GA1+3和ZR,IAA最小.     

重庆三峡库区柑橘硼营养状况及其影响因子

为了解重庆三峡库区柑橘叶片硼营养状况及其影响因子,在该区域12个主产县(区)的代表性果园采集叶片样品954份和土壤样品302份,测定叶片硼含量,并分析了土壤有效硼、土壤pH值、品种、砧木和树龄对叶片硼营养的影响.结果表明: 该区域柑橘叶片硼含量不足(<35 mg·kg^-1)的果园比例达41.6%,土壤有效硼含量不足(<0.5 mg·kg^-1)的果园比例高达89.4%,柑橘叶片硼含量与土壤有效硼含量的相关性未达显著水平.土壤pH值、品种、砧木和树龄均影响叶片硼含量.pH值4.5～6.4土壤上的柑橘叶片硼含量显著高于pH值6.5～8.5土壤上的柑橘;品种间叶片硼含量为:温州蜜柑>柚类>夏橙>普通甜橙>杂柑>脐橙;枳砧和酸柚砧柑橘叶片硼含量显著高于枳橙砧和红橘砧柑橘;3～8年生柑橘树叶片硼含量适宜(35～100 mg·kg^-1)样品比例比8年生以上柑橘树高6.6%.     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.