南五味子属（五味子科）的种子形态及其分类学意义

在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下对南五味子属Kadsura 11种植物36个样品的种子宏观形态及种皮微 形态特征进行了研究。结果表明其种子形状为肾形、椭球形、心形或肾状扁球形。在扫描电镜下种子表 面特征有种间差异,其纹饰可分为3种类型,即近平滑型、负网纹型和网纹型。短梗南五味子K． borneensis和披针叶南五味子K．lanceolata为近平滑型,其种子表面近平滑;黑老虎K．coccinea和柄果 南五味子K．verrucosa 为负网纹型,其种子表面具负网纹,网眼凸起,网脊凹陷;异形南五味子K．hetero- clita、毛南五味子K．induta、南五味子K．japonica、冷饭藤K．oblongifloia、狭叶南五味子K. angustifolia、 南洋南五味子K．scandens 和大叶南五味子K．marmorata为网纹型,其种子表面具网纹,网眼凹陷,网脊 凸起,此类型在南五味子属中最为普遍。种皮微形态特征在种内相当稳定,在一些种的划分上具有较重 要的意义。南五味子属种皮微形态特征的研究结果支持将多子南五味子K．polysperma和凤庆南五味子 K. interior 归并入异形南五味子以及将长梗南五味子K．longipedunculata归并入南五味子的分类学处理。本文还对南五味子属植物种皮微形态的各种类型的演化趋势作了讨论。     

中国绣线菊属植物种子形态及其分类学意义

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对中国25种4变种绣线菊属(Spiraea L.)植物的种子形态特征进行了研究。结果显示,绣线菊属植物种子外观上呈窄线形至椭圆形,表面有光泽和条纹,种子颜色为红棕色至深褐色;种皮纹饰可分为网纹、复网纹、负网纹和链状网纹4种类型。种子按长宽比的划分方法在一定程度上支持该属传统的组下系的划分;种皮纹饰在种间具有明显的差异,可作为中国绣线菊属植物种的分类依据。本研究为绣线菊属的分类及系统学研究提供了种子形态及种皮微观形态方面的新资料,对进一步完善该属属下分类具有借鉴意义。     

中国小檗科5属植物种子形态研究

利用解剖镜和扫描电镜对小檗科5属(小檗属、十大功劳属、鬼臼属、山荷叶属和红毛七属)40种2变种植物种子形态进行观察。研究结果表明:小檗科植物种子颜色多为黄褐色、红棕色至黑色,形状多样;种皮纹饰可分为网纹型、网纹—梯纹型、梯纹型和嚼烂状4种类型,其中网纹型又可划分为7个亚型。种子球形、种脐位于种子侧面近中部可作为红毛七区别于其他属种子的重要形态特征。根据种皮微形态特征,探讨了种子形态在小檗科内的系统学意义,并推测了种皮纹饰的可能演化路线。种子形态支持小檗属和十大功劳属的近缘关系,认为鬼臼属(八角莲属)较山荷叶属分化更早,但不支持Ahrendt对小檗属下组和亚组的划分。     

中国沙拐枣属植物花粉形态及其在地层研究中的意义

通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了中国沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)11种植物的花粉形态。按扫描电镜下的外壁纹饰分类,该属花粉可分为4种类型,即:网纹-穴状具圆形或近圆形网眼、网纹-穴状具多角型网眼、网纹-穿孔和网纹-穿孔或小沟渠。它们的演化趋势是从前面类型依次向后面类型演化。根据花粉内孔的形状,沙拐枣属植物花粉可区别于蓼科其它属植物三孔沟类型花粉。     

卫矛属冬青卫矛组种皮和假种皮微形态研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对冬青卫矛组(Sect.Ilicifolia Nakai)13种以及卫矛属其他组6种植物的种皮和假种皮微形态特征进行了研究.结果表明,冬青卫矛组植物种皮和假种皮的纹饰主要为网纹型,大致可划分为4个类型:(1)种皮纹饰为复网纹型,网眼隆起;(2)种皮纹饰为复网纹型,网眼中部下陷;(3)种皮纹饰为网纹型,假种皮嚼烂状;(4)种皮纹饰为网纹型,假种皮网纹状.种皮和假种皮微形态特征在对近缘种的分类上提供了一定的参考依据.     

五味子属植物种子形态特征及其分类学意义

在扫描电镜下观察了70多份五味子属种子样品,并拍摄了照片,其中34幅展示在文中。选取代表27个分类群,34个居群的36份种子样品,每份样品20粒,测量长、宽、厚,取平均值。采用“相对体积”这一新概念作为种子形态比较的一项指征。同时对种子整体照片所呈现的表面纹饰进行了分析归纳,将其分为4个类型：（1）平滑或基本平滑,（2）有明显的皱纹,或有或疏或密的疣状突起,（3）有密集而显著的乳头状突起,（4）密被不规则的、有结节的绳索状突起,突起物曲折蜿蜒,酷似哺乳动物的大脑。综合种子的大小、颜色、表面整体纹饰以及雄蕊群特征等分析的结果表明,少蕊组sect．Maximowiczia、五味子组sect．Schisandra和球蕊组sect．Sphaerostema的种子形态分别与其雄蕊群特征具有高度的相关性;而多蕊组sect．Pleiostema的情况稍微复杂一点,但种子形态与与其雄蕊群特征之间仍然有部分相关性。本文以种子的整体形态为基础讨论五味子属种子表面形态在该属分类上的意义。研究种子整体形态得到的证据与研究种子表面微形态得到的证据一致,不支持林祁（2000）和Saunders（2000）对五味子属的分类修订,也不支持刘玉壶（1996）将球蕊组sect．Sphaerostema划分成两个亚属的修订。     

鸢尾属部分种种子微形态特征与系统演化关系

用HITACHI S-520型扫描电子显微镜对鸢尾属植物10个种及1变种、1外类群的种子微形态进行观察、比较分析,探讨了鸢尾属植物部分种种子微形态特征分类学意义及系统演化关系。结果表明：鸢尾属植物种子表面微形态特征具有种的稳定性,与分布区无关;同一种的种子凹、凸面微形态差异很大,同一类群比较时应选择相同部位观察。所研究的鸢尾种都为网状（网纹或负网纹）文饰,种间差异明显,微形态特征可用于鸢尾属间、属下系的等级划分,但不适于种下等级鉴别。研究给出了鸢尾属植物种子表面纹饰的系统进化关系,证明了种子表面微形态对鸢尾属植物分类及系统演化关系具有重要意义。     

国产委陵菜属植物果实形态及其分类学意义

对国产委陵菜属Ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉｌｌａ３２种及变种植物的果实形态在实体解剖镜和扫描电镜下进行了研究。结果表明：在扫描电镜下,本属植物果实表面纹饰有５种不同的类型,即网纹型,疣状突起型,波纹型,帽状突起型和不规则型;果实形态特征,特别是电镜下的果皮表面纹饰对本属植物的分类具有较重要价值;根据果实形态,支持将金露梅、银露梅、小叶金露梅做为独立的种。     

国产菟丝子属种子形态的观察

本文观察了中国产菟丝子属种子的形态和种皮表面的超微结构。菟丝子属种子表面特征如下： 种脐呈衣领状突起或与晕轮面平齐或下陷;晕轮细胞呈近放射状排列或网状排列或不规则排列;种皮 表面呈条纹状纹饰或脑纹状纹饰或网状纹饰,纹饰上有时具瘤状突起或块状附属物。根据上述特征,可将菟丝子属种子分成三种类型。种皮纹饰可作为分类鉴定和种子检疫的依据。     

柃属植物种子微形态特征及其系统学意义

利用扫描电镜对35种1变种柃属(Eurya)植物种子的微形态特征进行了研究,并采用相对大小(长×宽)RS值和种皮表面纹饰作为种子形态比较的特征参数。结果显示,柃属种子根据相对大小RS值可划分为小型(RS<1.0),中型(1.03.0)三个等级,最小的种子相对大小不足0.5,最大的种子相对大小超过10;种皮表面纹饰分为负网纹和网纹两种类型,网纹类型在网眼的方向性、网眼形状、网眼深度、网脊特点等方面呈现出种间多样性,可用于类群的比较和鉴别。文中同时还探讨了种子大小及种皮微形态在属内的系统发育关系,推测了种皮表面纹饰的演化路线,研究结果表明种子的微形态特征对本属植物系统分类及进化研究具有重要意义,可为属内一些关键种系统位置的分析提供重要佐证。     

Spore morphology of pteridophytes from China Ⅰ. Lygodiaceae

This paper is the first report of an investigation on the spore morphology of Chinese ferns. Spore morphology of 20 species (10 species from China and 10 species from other countries) in the genus Lygodium (Lygodiaceae) was investigated under scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The spores are tetrahedral-globose, trilete, rarely monolete. The surface ornamentation of the spores can be divided into four main types: In type I , the surface of spores is tuberculate or spheroid-tuberculate. Most of the species of the genus have this type of surface ornamentation of spores. In type II , the surface of spores is smooth. L. palmatum, L . subareolatum , L . yunnanense and L . volubile have this type of surface ornamentation of spores. In type III, both the distal and equatorial areas of spores are coarsely verrucate, while the proximal area is smooth. L. dimorphum, L. digitatum and L. kingii have this type of surface ornamentation of spores. In type IV, the surface of spores is coarsely reticulate. L. scandens and L. reticulatum have this type of surface ornamentation of spores. The surface contours of the reticulate type (type IV) are formed by the exospore, while that of the other types (types I, II, III) are formed by the perispore. The surface ornamentation of spores seems to be stable within species and thus is of important value in the taxonomy of the genus Lygodium.     

中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究 Ⅰ. 海金沙科

此文是中国蕨类植物孢子形态研究的第一部分。首次利用扫描电镜对国产海金沙科Lygodiaceae 海金沙属Lygodium 10种植物的孢子形态进行了观察,并利用透射电镜对孢壁的结构进行了研究。此 外,还对采自国外的另外10种海金沙属植物的孢子进行了比较观察。海金沙属孢子为三裂缝,少数为单 裂缝,其表面纹饰可分为4种类型：①瘤状纹饰,海金沙属多数种类的孢子具此类型;②表面平滑,L. palmatum、L. subareolatum、L．yunnanense、L. volubile 等属此类型;③疣状纹饰,L. dimorphum、L．digita- tum、L. kingii等属此类型;④网穴状纹饰,L. scandens,L．reticulatum等属此类型。网状纹饰类型的孢子表面轮廓是由外壁形成,其余类型的孢子表面轮廓由周壁形成。此文还对海金沙属的孢子特征及其在分类上的意义进行了探讨。     

Taxonomy of the Genus Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae)

The genus Oreocharis as circumscribed here consists of 27 species including 5 varieties, of which 5 species and 4 varieties are described as new in the present paper. In the work analysed were the external morphology and geographic distribution and examined under SEM were pollen exine of 22 species and seed coat of 16 species. As a result, three types of the corolla, two types of the anther, three types of the pollen exine and three types of the seed coat are distinguished here in the paper. It is discovered that the corolla in the genus is relatively stable, though diverse, and highly correlated with the characters of pollen grains and seeds. The corolla clearly bilabiate but constricted at the throat, occurring in O. auricula, O. cordatula, O. aurantiaca, etc., for an example, is correlated with smooth, reticulate pollen exine and partial tectum and the reticulate and smooth seed coat. For this reason the subdivision of the genus in the paper is mainly based on the characters of the corolla, but combined with those of the anther, pollen and seed coat. The genus is divided into four sections in the present classification. Dasydesmus Craib, based on a single species. O. bodinieri, is reduced here, and the reasons are given. The genus is distributed mainly in the subtropics, and less frequently in the tropics, of China south of 32.5°N and east of 98.5°E, with only two species beyond the border, O. hirsuta in Thailand (only a single locality in Chiengmai) and O. aurea also found in north Vietnam (see Fig. 1, Table 3). Sect. 1. Stomactin (Clarke) Fritsch. Corolla urceolate-tubular, constricted at the throat, with limb distinctly bilabiate; anthers broad-oblong; seed coat reticulate, smooth, rarely minutely tuberculate; pollen exine fine-reticulate, tectum partial and smooth, luminae slightly unequal in size. Sect. 2. Orthanthera K. Y. Pan Corolla campanulate or campanulate-tubular; anthers broad-oblong; seed coat reticulate, muri smooth, rarely spiny-processed; pollen exine fine-reticulate, with partial and smooth tectum and luminae slightly unequal in size, rarely exine insular and fine-tuberculate, tectum perforate. Setc. 3. Oreocharis Corolla thin-tubular; anthers broad-oblong; seed coat densely spinyprocessed, rarely fine-tuberculate; pollen exine insular, densely spiny-processed, rarely finereticulate and smooth, luminae unequal in size. Sect. 4. Platyanthera K. Y. Pan Corolla campanulate; anthers hippocrepiform; seed coat densely spiny-processed; pollen exine fine-reticulate, tectum perforate, luminae small, nearly equal in size. In the section Stomactin, although the constriction of corolla at its throat is a specialized character, the characters of seed coat, pollen grains and anthers are apparently primitive. Therefore it may be said at least that more primitive characters are preserved in the section. In the section Oreocharis, on the contrary, the characters of corolla, seed coat and pollen exine are all advanced. And in the section Platyanthera, the seed coat, pollen (with perforate tectum) and anthers have developed rather specialized characters.     

国产打碗花属植物种子形态及其分类学意义

本文借助于又目解剖镜和扫描电电镜对我国打碗花属５种植物的种子进行了观察。结果表明：１、该属植物的种子可分为两类,一类为旋花型,较小,表面具疣状突起,种皮纹饰呈网状,包括打碗花、毛打碗花及旋花;另一类为藤水苗型较大,无疣状突起,种皮纹饰呈咀烂状,包括藤长苗和肾叶打碗花。２、疠状突起由数个相邻种皮细胞胞间壁强烈突出而成,呈山峰状,相连或单独存在。３、该属植物种子形态存在明显区别,可作为分种的依据。     

豆科黄华属植物种子表面特征的研究

在扫描电镜下观察了豆科黄华属Thermopsis 18种植物种子的表面纹饰,发现 T．alpina,T.bar- bata,T．inflata,T．lupinoides,T. licentiana,T.smithiana和T．turkestanica的种子表面为粗网状,T californica,T.divaricarpa,T. macrophylla,T．mollis的种子表面为细网状,T.gracilis,T.montana,T. fabacea的种子表面为相对平滑型纹饰,T．alterniflora的种子表面为不规则条形,T．chinensis的种子表 面为粘膜状,T.rhombifolia的种子表面为条形及 T．viuosa的种子表面为碎屑状纹饰。结果表明黄华属的种子表面特征对属下类群的划分有一定意义,对澄清某些混乱的种有一定价值。     

Seed Morphology of Plantago in China and Its Taxonomic Significance

Studied in this work was seed morphology of the genus Plantago (2 subgenera, 8 sections, 17 species and １ variety )in China. The sculpture was observed under scanning election microscope. Four forms of seed morphology are recognized as follows: (1)Multi-angular type: seeds are variously angulate, yellow-brown or black, 6-30 in a fruit; seed-coat sculpture ranges from reticulate to papillate. It occurs in Subgen. Plantago Sect. Polyneuron: P. scheideri, P. denstflorus, P. major, P. hostifolia, P. asiatica, P. erosa and P. centralis. (2) Navicular type: seeds are navicular, yellow, brown to black, 2 in a fruit; seed-coat sculpture is reticulate. It was found in Subgen. Plantago Sect. Novorbis: P. virginica; Sect. Arnoglossum: P. lanceolata; Sect. Leucopsyllium: P. minuta, P. lessingii and P. aristata and Subgen. Psyllium Sect. Psyllium: P. indica. (3)Ovoid type: seeds are long-ovoid, yellow-brown, black and lustrous. Seed-coat sculpture scali-ratiform. P. maxima in Subgen. Plantago Sect. Lamprosantha belongs to this type. (4)Recti-circular type: seeds are recti-circular, yellow-brown, black, 1-2 or 4-5 in a fruit; seed-coat sculpture is reticulate and papillate. It was found in P. maritima var. salsa of Subgen. Plantago Sect. Coronopus and P. depressa, P. camtschatica and P. arachnoidea of Sect. Mesembrynia. The seed morphology and seed-coat sculture exhibit specific characters, by which some of confused species can be clarified and a new species, P. densiflorus J. Z. Liu. is established. The present author’s seed morphology classification is in accordance with Pilger’s systemof the genus, which was established using other features.     

中国水鳖科植物种皮微形态特征及其系统学意义

通过扫描电镜对国产水鳖科植物(包括6属13种)的种皮微形态特征进行观察,并作了系统描述。根据种皮细胞形态、外种皮表面纹饰和内种皮内层小瘤状突起的特点将水鳖科植物的种皮微形态特征划分为3种类型,即海菜花型(海菜花属)、水鳖型(水鳖属)和苦草型(苦草属、水筛属、虾子草属和黑藻属),并作出了分属检索表。本文结果表明,种皮微形态特征可作为该科族、属以及属内种级水平分类的依据,对探讨属间关系和该科的系统发育关系亦具有重要的价值。种皮微形态特征支持Hutchinson(1959)和Eckhardt(1964)将海菜花属和水鳖属分别作为一个独立的族处理的观点。苦草属、水筛属和虾子草属种皮微形态特征的高度相似性表明它们间有密切的联系,不支持将它们置于不同亚科和族的分类处理。黑藻属虽与上述3属近缘,但其外种皮特征则较为独特,因此与水筛属放在不同族中更为合理。本文种皮微形态特征的研究结果支持iki1937)和Shaffer-Fehre(1991b)等关于水鳖科与茨藻科近缘的观点。     

中国滨藜属种子形态及其分类学意义

本文对中国滨藜属(Atriplex L.)13种植物的种子形态进行了观察并探讨其在分类学中的意义. 在种子外部形态观察基础上明确了胚根位置类型的划分标准, 认为滨藜属胚根位置仅有胚根上位和胚根侧位两种类型;利用扫描电镜首次观察报道了该属种皮微形态特征。研究结果表明, 种子形态及种皮微形态特征对属内类群划分具有较大的分类学意义。