双极等离子电切术治疗宫腔疾病的临床效果分析

目的:探讨双极等离子电切术治疗宫腔疾病的临床疗效及其安全性。方法:选择2010年1月～2012年6月本院妇科收治的子宫内膜息肉和粘膜下肌瘤患者共189例,其中行双极等离子电切治疗者纳入双极组(n=72),行单极电切治疗的患者纳入单级组(n=117)。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、膨宫液用量、并发症的发生情况并评估两组术后6个月的临床疗效。结果:双极组手术时间、手术出血量、膨宫液用量显著低于单极组(P均<0.05),两组并发症的发生率均无明显差异(P>0.05)。双极组患者术后1月内阴道流血、排液天数显著短于单极组(P<0.05),但两组术后6个月的治疗效果比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:双极等离子电切除术治疗子宫内膜息肉及粘膜下肌瘤具有快速、安全、有效、出血少、手术时间短、膨宫液用量少等优势,并能维持患者电解质平衡,值得临床广泛应用和推广。     

两种标记方法对60mer寡核苷酸芯片背景信号影响的初步分析

研究两种不同的样本标记方法对人全基因组高密度60mer寡核苷酸芯片背景信号的影响。收集5对患病与健康人外周血单个核细胞,分别提取总RNA后,采用限制性显示技术（restriction display,RD）进行样本双色（Cy3/Cy5）荧光标记,与5张Agilent 60mer高密度（22K）Human 1B寡核苷酸芯片进行杂交。芯片全部杂交点分3组：基因探针组、阳性对照组和阴性对照组。阳性对照采用荧光标记寡核苷酸直接掺入法进行标记。对全部杂交信号点的Cy3和Cy5背景信号值,用SPSS软件进行数据转换、正态性检验、方差齐性检验、变异系数分析和重复数据的方差分析。数据分析结果显示,Cy3 标记的背景信号值均高于 Cy5标记的背景信号值。重复测量数据的方差分析表明,在Cy3 和Cy5标记中,两种不同标记方法间的背景信号值的差异极显著（PCy3＜0.01, PCy5＜0.01）,且RD标记点的背景信号平均值低于荧光标记寡核苷酸直接掺入标记法标记的阳性对照点。RD标记方法是一种有用的低背景信号的高密度长链寡核苷酸芯片样本标记方法。     

自动曝光对半球摄影法测量叶面积指数及其季节变化的影响

自动曝光是影响半球摄影法(DHP)测量叶面积指数(LAI)精度的重要误差源之一.本研究基于小兴安岭地区的阔叶红松林、白桦次生林、红松人工林和兴安落叶松人工林,利用DHP和LAI-2200植物冠层分析仪分别测量6—9月每个月中旬的LAI,首先比较两种方法测量LAI的差异性,再检验森林类型和测量时期对建立两种方法测定值间的相关关系是否存在显著影响,最后构建适于校正不同森林类型不同时期自动曝光对DHP测量LAI产生误差的经验模型.结果表明: 4种森林类型4个时期内,在自动曝光设置下DHP测量的LAI比LAI-2200测量值低估20%～49%;森林类型对构建两种方法测量LAI值的经验模型不存在显著影响,而测量时期存在显著影响.本研究构建的A、B两种分类经验模型,分别适用于校正4种森林类型在6和9月、7和8月DHP测量的LAI.经分类经验模型校正后,DHP测量4种森林类型4个时期的LAI值提高了45%～79%,测量精度可提高到83%～94%.通过DHP和LAI-2200测量LAI值间的经验模型,可有效校正自动曝光对DHP测量LAI的影响,极大地提高其测量精度,为使用DHP快捷、高效地测量不同森林类型的LAI及其季节动态提供技术支持.     

生物阻抗测量系统的改良

目的:针对目前现有的生物阻抗测量系统测量速度和精度不够的问题,提出相应的改进方法。方法:在信号发生部分采用AD公司的ADuC847微处理器作为核心微处理器;在信号采集部分采用Atmel公司的AT91RM9200微控制器芯片和TI公司的ADS1256芯片作为核心芯片。结果:生物阻抗测量系统的信号发生精度提高到12位,信号采集精度提高到24位,速度提高到30,000SPS。结论:对信号发生和信号采集方面速度和精度的提高,有效地提高了整个测量系统的速度和精确度。     

鼻咽癌图像引导放射治疗IGRT中两种匹配模式对摆位误差的影响研究

目的:观察在鼻咽癌图像引导放射治疗中采用骨和灰度两种图像匹配模式对摆位误差的影响。方法:在保证客观和尽可能操作规范和标准的条件下,对同一鼻咽癌患者12次治疗重复摆位后用CBCT采集的图像信息,分别采用骨和灰度两种模式与参考图像匹配,观察两种方法对摆位误差的影响。结果:对两种匹配方式的摆位误差分别进行比较,t检验结果显示P值均大于0.05,无统计学意义。结论:鼻咽癌图像引导放射治疗IGRT中采用骨匹配模式进行图像匹配是一种更优选择。     

动态MPCA在发酵过程监测与故障诊断中的应用

针对发酵过程非线性和时变特点,提出了一种具有实时性的动态MPCA方法,采用多模型非线性结构代替传统MPCA单模型线性化结构,克服了后者不能处理非线性过程和实时性的问题,并避免了MPCA在线应用时预报未来测量值带来的误差,提高了发酵过程性能监测和故障诊断的准确性。对头孢菌素C发酵过程的拟在线仿真研究,验证了基于动态MPCA的统计过程监测的有效性。     

低能量心脏除颤的实验研究

本研究用22只犬建立实验模型。除颤脉冲采用非周期性衰减波,通过四种不同的除颤电极系统向心脏发放:1.双极导管电极;2.多极导管电极;3.导管—杯状心外膜电极;4.导管一体表电极。共除颤151次,成功133次,其中小于30J(焦耳)的成功除颤93次。上述各种电极在除颤能量小于30J时以导管—杯状心外膜电极的除颤成功率为最高,达84.5％。测量9只犬的导管除颤电极心肌阻抗值为431±117(?)(欧姆)。研制了一种多道除颤信号的A/D、D/A接口,在微型计算机上进行了除颤脉冲的波形分析和除颤能量的计算等试验。     

生物电阻抗法和双能X射线吸收法测定健康成人体成分的对比研究

目的：比较生物电阻抗法与双能X射线吸收法测量健康成人体成分的一致性。方法：采用便携式生物电阻抗仪和双能X射线吸收仪同时测量48名健康受试者去脂体重、脂肪含量和体脂率,配对t检验比较两种方法测量健康成人去脂体重、脂肪含量和体脂率的差异,相关系数和Bland-Altman分析用于评价两种方法测量结果的相关性和一致性。结果：无论是总体还是男性和女性,生物电阻抗法与双能X射线吸收法的体成分测定值之间均呈现明显的正相关,除男性体脂含量（r=0.89）和体脂率（r=0.74）外,两种方法体成分测定值的相关系数r＞0.90（P＜0.05）。从总体看,与双能X射线吸收法相比,生物电阻抗法低估了身体脂肪含量［（-1.3±1.7)kg,95%一致限：（-4.6~2.1）kg］和体脂率［（-3.0%±2.8%),95%一致限：（-8.4%~2.5%）］,高估了去脂体重［（2.7±1.7)kg,95%一致限：（-0.6~6.1）kg］。结论：生物电阻抗法在测量健康成人体成分中具有一定应用价值。同双能X射线吸收法相比,生物电阻抗法低估了体脂量和体脂率,需要进一步优化其体成分模型。     

声衰减测量法对人体内软组织的应用

一、声衰减测量中几个误差的原因及其修正 按目前超声诊断仪器情况,用各种方法在各种条件下测量体内软组织的声衰减,常会受到各种干扰而引入测量误差,必须作相应的修正。其误差源主要有:1)衍射效应;2)相位相消效应;3)镜像反射效应;4)时间增益控制;5)聚焦效应;6)对数压缩等等。如衍射效应如果不修正,造成的误差可达30％。 1.衍射效应 衰减效应是衍射效应(超声场的不均匀     

自由活动大鼠睡眠呼吸监测技术改进

目的：改进大鼠睡眠呼吸监测技术,解决既往模型中咬线、脱落、信号不稳定问题。方法：改进监测电极、信号接入线路及动物手术。结果：改进后手术时间缩短,创面暴露时间减少,大鼠术后易恢复。且电极稳固性好,脑电和肌电信号更稳定清晰,信号接入线路传导性好,耐用。实现连续长时间监测,成功率高。便于根据信号进行不同清醒一睡眠状态分期,并判断大鼠睡眠呼吸暂停情况。结论：改进后的操作技术操作更简单、信号更稳定,是一项更加实用可靠的小动物睡眠呼吸监测技术。     

A comparison of bioimpedance methods for detection of body cell mass change in HIV infection.

The maintenance of body cell mass (BCM) is critical for survival in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Accuracy of bioimpedance for measuring change (Delta) in intracellular water (ICW), which defines BCM, is uncertain. To evaluate bioimpedance-estimated DeltaBCM, the ICW of 21 weight-losing HIV patients was measured before and after anabolic steroid therapy by dilution (total body water by deuterium - extracellular water by bromide) and bioimpedance. Multiple-frequency modeling- and dilution-determined DeltaICW did not differ. The DeltaICW was predicted poorly by 50-kHz parallel reactance, 50-kHz impedance, and 200 - 5-kHz impedance. The DeltaICW predicted by 500 - 5-kHz impedance was closer to, but statistically different from, dilution-determined DeltaICW. However, the effect of random error on the measurement of systematic error in the 500 - 5-kHz method was 12-13% of the average measured DeltaICW; this was nearly twice the percent difference between obtained and threshold statistics. Although the 500 - 5-kHz method cannot be fully rejected, these results support the conclusion that only the multiple-frequency modeling approach accurately monitors DeltaBCM in HIV infection.     

An asymptotic estimate for the effective radius of a concentric bipolar electrode.

A concentric bipolar electrode (CBE) (consisting of a central disc and an outer annulus) has been proposed as an approximate method of measuring the surface Laplacian of the body surface electrical potential distribution. The derivation of the surface Laplacian approximation, in terms of the potential difference measured with the bipolar electrode, contained an unspecified parameter which has been dubbed the 'effective radius' of the concentric bipolar electrode. This paper presents an asymptotic analysis to derive an expression for the effective radius in terms of the physical dimensions of the electrode (the radius of the central disc and inner and outer radii of the annulus). Also studied is the way in which the value of the effective radius affects the behaviour of the relative error in the surface Laplacian measurement at various dipole source locations within a conducting medium.     

双相障碍抑郁发作及单相抑郁症患者血清T3、T4、TSH和BDNF水平的相关性分析

目的:分析双相障碍抑郁发作及单相抑郁症患者与血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、甲状腺激素(TSH)和脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)水平的相关性。方法:选取2017年12月～2019年12月我院收治的120例抑郁症患者为研究对象,按照病情不同分为双相障碍抑郁发作组(n=50)、单相抑郁症组(n=70),同时选取同期于本院进行体检的30例健康者作为对照组,检测血清T3、T4、TSH和BDNF水平,并进行汉密尔顿抑郁(HAMD)量表评分,分析血清T3、T4、TSH和BDNF水平的相关性。结果:双相障碍抑郁发作组起病年龄低于单相抑郁症组(P0.05);治疗前双相障碍抑郁发作组和单相抑郁症组血清T3水平高于对照组,TSH、BDNF水平低于对照组(P0.05),双相障碍抑郁发作组血清T4水平高于对照组,单相抑郁症组和对照组血清T4水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),双相障碍抑郁发作组血清T4水平高于单相抑郁症组,TSH、BDNF水平低于单相抑郁症组(P0.05);治疗后双相障碍抑郁发作组和单相抑郁症组血清T4水平低于对照组,双相障碍抑郁发作组血清T4水平低于单相抑郁症组(P0.05),且三组血清T3、TSH、BDNF水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后双相障碍抑郁发作组认知障碍因子评分低于单相抑郁症组(P0.05);Spearman相关分析显示,血清T3、T4、TSH水平和HAMD评分与BDNF呈负相关,TSH水平与BDNF呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:抑郁症患者血清T3、T4、TSH和BDNF水平存在异常,可作为判断双相障碍抑郁发作及单相抑郁症的指标。     

Unipolar and bipolar electrogram characteristics of recurrent cases of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias undergoing repeat catheter ablation

IntroductionActivation mapping guided catheter ablation (CA) of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) is limited in some cases when it is only relied on bipolar electrogram (EGM). We hypothesized that activation mapping with use of combined bipolar and unipolar EGM facilitates to identify the focal origin of VAs and results in reduction of recurrence rate of CA of VAs.MethodsWe analyzed the data of patients undergoing repeat ablations for idiopathic out-flow tract VAs. The EGM of the 1 st and 2 nd ablations were compared for earliest local activation time (LAT), presence of discrete potentials, and polarity reversal, unipolar potential morphology (QS or non-QS), potential amplitude and activation slope.ResultsThirty-seven patients were included. The Local activation time was significantly earlier in the 2nd ablation as compared to the 1st procedure (36.90 msec vs 31.85 msec, P < 0.01). The incidence of discrete potentials and polarity reversal were similar in both procedures (51% vs 57%, P = 0.8 and 62% in both the occasions, respectively). The unipolar voltage was similar in both occasions (6.94 mV vs 7.22 mV in repeat ablations, P = 0.7). The recurrence rate (5.7%) was significantly lower with routine use of combined unipolar and bipolar EGMs, as compared to the use of bipolar EGM alone (16.7%)ConclusionsUse of both bipolar and unipolar electrograms helps in better delineation of the sites of earliest activation for effective ablation of VAs. Use of unipolar electrograms in addition to bipolar electrograms is associated with lower long term recurrence rate.     

Level of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in Patients with Acute Schizophrenia,Unipolar Depression or Bipolar Disorder

The aim of this study is to investigate differences in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level in patients with acute schizophrenia, unipolar depression, bipolar depression and bipolar mania. Serum level of TSH was measured in 1,685 Caucasian patients (1,064 women, 63.1 %; mean age 46.4). Mean serum TSH concentration was: schizophrenia (n = 769) 1.71 μIU/mL, unipolar depression (n = 651) 1.63 μIU/mL, bipolar disorder (n = 264) 1.86 μIU/mL, bipolar depression (n = 203) 2.00 μIU/mL, bipolar mania (n = 61) 1.38 μIU/mL (H = 11.58, p = 0.009). Depending on the normal range used, the overall rate of being above or below the normal range was 7.9–22.3 % for schizophrenia, 13.9–26.0 % for unipolar depression, 10.8–27.6 % for bipolar disorder, 12.2–28.5 % for bipolar depression, and 11.4–24.5 % for bipolar mania. We have also found differences in TSH levels between the age groups (≤20, >20 years and ≤40, >40 years and ≤60 years and >60 years). TSH level was negatively correlated with age (r = ? 0.23, p < 0.001). Weak correlations with age have been found in the schizophrenia (r = ? 0.21, p < 0.001), unipolar depression (r = ? 0.23, p < 0.001), bipolar depression (r = ? 0.25, p = 0.002) and bipolar disorder (r = ? 0.21, p = 0.005) groups. Our results confirm that there may be a higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions in patients with mood disorders (both unipolar and bipolar) and that these two diagnostic groups differ in terms of direction and frequency of thyroid dysfunctions.     

Histological study of organogenesis and embryogenesis inCyclamen persicum Mill. tissue cultures: Evidence for a single organogenetic pattern

Summary Evidence is given thatCyclamen persicum callus culture give rise to structures such as shoot-buds, roots, unipolar tubers, bipolar tubers and embryos. Observations made on their structure by means of morphological and histological analyses are reported and discussed in relation to the anatomy of someCyclamen structures such as zygotic embryos and seedling tubers. Such analyses demonstrate that the bipolar structures including somatic embryos and bipolar tubers lack vascular connection with the callus whereas unipolar structures establish vascular strands with the callus. Here, the relationship between these regenerated structures is depicted. The organogenetic pattern inCyclamen persicum callus culture could well be a derived pathway for somatic embryogenesis. A theoretical diagram concerning the morphogenetic program is presented.     

Electrical Vestibular Stimulation after Vestibular Deafferentation and in Vestibular Schwannoma

Background

Vestibular reflexes, evoked by human electrical (galvanic) vestibular stimulation (EVS), are utilized to assess vestibular function and investigate its pathways. Our study aimed to investigate the electrically-evoked vestibulo-ocular reflex (eVOR) output after bilateral and unilateral vestibular deafferentations to determine the characteristics for interpreting unilateral lesions such as vestibular schwannomas.

Methods

EVOR was recorded with dual-search coils as binocular three-dimensional eye movements evoked by bipolar 100 ms-step at EVS intensities of [0.9, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0]mA and unipolar 100 ms-step at 5 mA EVS intensity. Five bilateral vestibular deafferented (BVD), 12 unilateral vestibular deafferented (UVD), four unilateral vestibular schwannoma (UVS) patients and 17 healthy subjects were tested with bipolar EVS, and five UVDs with unipolar EVS.

Results

After BVD, bipolar EVS elicited no eVOR. After UVD, bipolar EVS of one functioning ear elicited bidirectional, excitatory eVOR to cathodal EVS with 9 ms latency and inhibitory eVOR to anodal EVS, opposite in direction, at half the amplitude with 12 ms latency, exhibiting an excitatory-inhibitory asymmetry. The eVOR patterns from UVS were consistent with responses from UVD confirming the vestibular loss on the lesion side. Unexpectedly, unipolar EVS of the UVD ear, instead of absent response, evoked one-third the bipolar eVOR while unipolar EVS of the functioning ear evoked half the bipolar response.

Conclusions

The bidirectional eVOR evoked by bipolar EVS from UVD with an excitatory-inhibitory asymmetry and the 3 ms latency difference between normal and lesion side may be useful for detecting vestibular lesions such as UVS. We suggest that current spread could account for the small eVOR to 5 mA unipolar EVS of the UVD ear.     

电阻抗法在植物根系生物学研究中的应用

因受限于检测方法,对埋藏于土壤中植物根系研究的深入程度远低于其地上部分。传统获取根系的方法不仅费时费力,而且对根系原位分布和生存微环境具有明显的扰动破坏,故随着根系研究的不断深入,迫切需要寻求一种非破坏性的根系检测方法。电阻抗法是在一定频率的外加电源下,测量电路中的根系电学特征(电容、电阻和电阻抗图谱),并且电学特征与根系生物量和形态指标之间存在较好的相关性,然而,由于对电阻抗法基于电路中电流流向等的关键机理尚不清楚,有些学者对该方法的大范围应用提出了质疑。本文首先对生物电阻抗法测量根系的原理和模型进行阐述,然后重点综述根系电阻抗法研究的不同理论方法及存在的问题,最后提出电阻抗法研究植物根系应该解决的重要科学问题,并展望电阻抗法更加广泛的研究和应用前景,以期为获取非破坏性的根系研究技术提供参考。     

Role of pulse shape in cell membrane electropermeabilization

The role of the amplitude, number, and duration of unipolar rectangular electric pulses in cell membrane electropermeabilization in vitro has been the subject of several studies. With respect to unipolar rectangular pulses, an improved efficiency has been reported for several modifications of the pulse shape: separate bipolar pulses, continuous bipolar waveforms, and sine-modulated pulses. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic study of the role of pulse shape in permeabilization, cell death, and molecular uptake. We have first compared the efficiency of 1-ms unipolar pulses with rise- and falltimes ranging from 2 to 100 μs, observing no statistically significant difference. We then compared the efficiency of triangular, sine, and rectangular bipolar pulses, and finally the efficiency of sine-modulated unipolar pulses with different percentages of modulation. We show that the results of these experiments can be explained on the basis of the time during which the pulse amplitude exceeds a certain critical value.     

The genetics of affective disorder and genetic counseling

Abstract

Affective disorders—depression and mania—occurring with no preexisting psychiatric condition, severe physical illness, or recent personal loss can be divided into unipolar (depression only) and bipolar (both manic and depressive episodes) disorders. Bipolar illness is transmitted in some families as an X‐linked dominant factor. In other families, X‐linked transmission does not occur. Hence, bipolar illness may be similar to retinitis pigmentosa. This makes some types of genetic counseling difficult to apply to bipolar families. There is no evidence that unipolar depressive illness is transmitted by an X‐linked factor. Family studies indicate that there might be more than one type of unipolar illness. Limited prediction of risk of depression and other psychiatric conditions in other family members can be based on family studies which show that alcoholism and personality disorder occur frequently in families of early onset depressives but much less frequently in families of late onset depressives (age 40 or older).