应用数学统计法优化副干酪乳杆菌HDl.7固定化细胞制备和产细菌素发酵

[目的]应用数学统计法对副干酪乳杆菌HD1.7的固定细胞制备和发酵条件进行优化,以提高细菌素产量.[方法]用2(6-2)部分因子分析法筛选对细菌素产量影响显著的因子,发现海藻酸钠浓度、接种量和发酵时间对细菌素的产生影响显著.利用最陡爬坡法逼近最大响应区域.用Box-Behnken设计确定最佳海藻酸钠浓度、接种量和发酵时间,并进行分批重复发酵.[结果]固定化生产细菌素的最佳条件是海藻酸钠浓度2.8%、CaC2,浓度5%、固定化时间4 h、菌体包埋量1/20、发酵时间63 h和固定化细胞的接种量8.2%,在此基础上用固定化细胞进行分批重复发酵,每批细菌素的发酵周期为24 h.[结论]通过对固定化细胞制备和发酵条件的优化,固定化细胞在327 h的分批重复发酵中细菌素的总体产量比游离细胞提高了19%,发酵液中无明显细胞渗漏现象且实现了细胞的重复利用,为细菌素的进一步研究和最终提取奠定了基础.     

固定化细胞合成生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂的研究

从石油受污环境中分离筛选得到一株高产鼠李糖脂(rhamnolipid,RL)的假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)B3。在游离细胞合成鼠李糖脂的基础上,应用包埋与交联相结合的复合固定化方法制备出性能优良的固定化细胞。以二次回归方程预测模型为基础,对发酵条件进行优化,得到B3固定化细胞合成RL的最优条件为:接种量15%,初始pH 7.0,合成温度38℃,120r·min-1振荡培养100h,RL的产量达到4 843.25mg·L-1,比游离细胞提高56.42%。制备的固定化细胞连续使用3个发酵周期,RL的产量均保持在4 517.75mg·L-1以上,说明B3固定化细胞具有用于连续发酵合成RL的可行性。     

海藻酸钙凝胶颗粒固定化抗冻酵母AFY-1的机制分析及条件优化

本文旨在开发抗冻酵母AFY-1的海藻酸钙凝胶固定化技术,探明固定化机制。在不同海藻酸钠浓度、Ca Cl2浓度和固化时间条件下制备固定化酵母,并在一定条件下进行乙醇发酵,分析发酵能力与酵母生长、凝胶颗粒通透性之间的关系,然后通过响应面实验优化固定化条件。实验结果显示,乙醇收率随凝胶颗粒通透性的增加呈线性增加,而酵母生长与固定化条件无关,基本保持不变。当固定化条件为海藻酸钠质量分数1.45%、Ca Cl2质量分数17.45%、固化时间1.09 h时,固定化酵母的乙醇收率可达24.1%,高于游离酵母的20.9%。此外,固定化酵母的生长能力明显强于游离酵母。在固定化酵母的乙醇发酵中,每个三角瓶(250 m L)内的总细胞数从5.0×10~8个增加到大约11.2×10~8个;而在游离酵母的乙醇发酵中,每个三角瓶内的总细胞数从5.0×10~8个仅增加到7.5×10~8个。     

海藻酸钙凝胶包埋法制备固定化小球藻

采用海藻酸钙凝胶包埋法对普通小球藻进行固定化,考察了海藻酸钠浓度、Ca Cl2浓度、胶球直径和胶球培养密度对固定化小球藻生长的影响,比较了游离和固定化小球藻细胞的生长特性,并测试了固定化小球藻的连续培养性能。结果表明,小球藻适宜的固定化条件为:海藻酸钠浓度2%(W/V)、Ca Cl2浓度1.5%(W/V)、凝胶球直径3 mm、凝胶球培养密度200粒/100 m L;与游离态小球藻相比,固定化小球藻的生长周期较长,在对数期后期和稳定期的生长态势优于游离态细胞,并可实现重复循环利用;连续培养实验显示,在优化条件下制备的固定化小球藻可连续使用200 h左右,有望用于生物催化和生物转化中的连续反应体系。     

植物乳杆菌R260产细菌素发酵条件的研究

目的 获取植物乳杆菌R260产细菌素的最佳发酵条件.方法用琼脂扩散法测定发酵液对苏云金芽胞杆菌的抑菌效价.结果 产细菌素的最佳培养基是MRS培养基,最适起始Ph为6.5,最适接种量和接种种龄分别为3%和12 h,产细菌素最适发酵温度和时间分别为30℃和20 h：细菌素在对数期开始产生,稳定期产量达到最大值.结论 通过优化发酵条件提高了细菌素的产量,达1656 IU/ml.     

固定化植物乳杆菌的制备及其发酵条件优化

采用海藻酸钠包埋植物乳杆菌并通过测定固定化细胞发酵清液的抑菌效果,优化得到的固定化最佳工艺条件为:海藻酸钠浓度为3%,CaCl2浓度为1.5%,菌悬液体积为3.5 mL(4.0×108 cfu/mL).固定化细胞重复发酵多批次效果良好.固定化细胞发酵条件优化结果表明:最适pH为7.0,最适温度为36℃,培养基中添加0....     

纤维剩余物发酵制备乙醇工艺研究

单因素实验和正交优化对固定化酵母制备工艺条件进行优化研究,并对固定化酵母的重复利用发酵能力进行了考察,其优化工艺条件为海藻酸钠与酵母质量比1∶2 g·g~(-1),底物糖浓度30%,酵母用量1.5 g,固定化酵母发酵120 h。在此条件下,乙醇产率均值为83.68%。为塔拉纤维剩余物的酶解液发酵制备乙醇提供技术支撑。     

响应面法优化黑曲霉固定化条件及其对土壤中溴氰菊酯的降解特性研究

【目的】通过研究吸附包埋法固定黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)的最佳制备工艺,初步探讨固定化黑曲霉对溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin, DM)及其中间产物3-苯氧基苯甲酸(3-phenoxybenzoic acid,3-PBA)的降解机制,并将其应用于农业种植中以评价固定化黑曲霉的实际应用效果。【方法】以生物炭、海藻酸钠为固定化载体,通过单因素和响应面试验对固定化黑曲霉(immobilized Aspergillusniger)的制备工艺进行优化。同时,利用高效液相色谱法分析DM和3-PBA的含量变化。【结果】海藻酸钠浓度、生物炭浓度和菌液接种量为DM去除率的显著影响因子,当三者分别为25.27、1.28和125.28 g/L时,是黑曲霉固定化的最佳制备条件;在施加固定化黑曲霉后,土壤中DM半衰期由7.6d缩短至5.2d,黑曲霉对3-PBA也具有降解作用,在21h达到最低浓度1.45mg/kg;修复后的土壤可显著提高番茄种子发芽率,株高、根长等6个生长指标较DM单独处理组也有不同程度的恢复;在经固定化黑曲霉修复28 d后,污染土壤根系酶活和微生物数量均得到不同程度改善。【...     

桦褶孔菌漆酶固定化及其对染料的降解

采用壳聚糖交联法和海藻酸钠-壳聚糖包埋交联法固定化桦褶孔菌产生的漆酶,探讨最佳固定化条件,固定化漆酶的温度,pH稳定性及操作稳定性,并以两种固定化酶分别对4种染料进行了降解.结果表明:(1)壳聚糖交联法固定化漆酶的最佳条件为:壳聚糖2.5%,戊二醛7%,交联时间2h,固定化时间5h,给酶量1g壳聚糖小球:1mL酶液(1U/mL),固定化效率56%;(2)海藻酸钠-壳聚糖包埋交联法固定化漆酶的最佳条件为:海藻酸钠浓度4%,壳聚糖浓度0.7%,氯化钙浓度5%,戊二醛浓度0.6%,给酶量4mL 4%海藻酸钠:1mL酶液(1U/mL),固定化效率高达86%;(3)固定化的漆酶相比游离漆酶有更好的温度和pH稳定性;(4)比较两种固定化漆酶,海藻酸钠-壳聚糖包埋交联法固定化酶的温度及酸度稳定性要优于壳聚糖固定化酶,但可重复操作性要弱于后者,两者重复使用8次后的剩余酶活比率分别为71%及64%;(5)两种固定化酶对所选的4种不同结构的合成染料均有较好的降解效果,其中壳聚糖固定化酶对茜素红的降解效果及重复使用性极佳,重复降解40mg/L的茜素红10次,降解率仍保持在100%.     

固定化对酵母细胞发酵产ATP能力的影响

通过试验对酵母菌细胞的固定化方法及固定化酵母细胞在发酵生产ATP方面的应用进行了探讨。综合固定化颗粒的性能指标(粒径、弹性和机械强度)和发酵产ATP的能力,通过正交试验对酵母菌细胞的包埋条件进行了优化,确定了固定化酵母细胞的较优组合为聚乙烯醇3.5%、海藻酸钠2%、CaCl23%及交联时间6h,发酵后ATP含量最高,达到0.716g/L。进一步发酵条件的试验证实,固定化能提高酵母菌细胞对温度适应范围,延长发酵生产周期,从而提高菌体的利用率。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).