Evaluation of the toxicity of cypermethrin pesticide on organs weight loss and some biochemical and histological parameters

An increase in global food demand has resulted in a significant increase in the use of pesticides in agriculture. Synthetic pyrethroid pesticides account for over 30% of the global pesticide use; Pyrethroid pesticides were used preferably over organochlorines and organophosphates due to their high effectiveness, low toxicity to non-target organisms and easy biodegrability. It has widespread applications in agriculture through the world and as well in Algeria. Cypermethrin is one of the most insecticidal pyrethroids widely used in agriculture regions of Setif. to control wide range of insect pests in a variety of crops. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of cypermethrin (Cyper-Ac 271 g/l from the active substance of the cypermethrin) on hematological, biochemical parameters, body weight loss, and histopathological study of some organs. Male mice weighing 30-40g were used, separated in 5 groups, n=6, two groups controls given vehicle (oil vegetable) and three experimental groups (Cypermetherin and vegetable oil). The animals were gavaged by 1/5 LD50 (LD50 = 485 mg/kg b/w) for 2 and 4 weeks respectively, and with 1/20 LD50 for 12 weeks, then the animals sacrificed at the end of the experiment.. Blood was collected. Enzyme activities were assayed in the plasma samples obtained. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALPH) and Glucose. Red blood cells, (RBC), and white blood cells (WBC) were calculated too. The samples of liver and kidney were processed for histology. The results indicated a significant increase in transaminases GOT, GPT, and AlP. The decrease in Hb, RBC and WBC which are related to the immunity, this is probably due to cell lyses explain the effect of Cypermetherin on erythropoeisis. cypermethrin treatment exhibited severe histopathological changes, especially in the liver and kideney accompanied by weight loss of some organs. We conclude that cypermethrin induces oxidative stress and modifies biochemical parameters and histological aspects of liver and kidney.     

Discriminant analysis of hematological and serum biochemical values in cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) bred and reared under the indoor individually-caged conditions

The data on hematological and serum biochemical properties of laboratory-bred cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) at different ages were analyzed by discriminant analysis. All the animals had been bred and reared under uniform environmental conditions at Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical Science, N.I.H., Japan. The items used were as follows: red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit value (Ht), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cell count (WBC), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity (GPT), total protein concentration (TP), albumin concentration (ALB), albumin-globulin ratio (A/G), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose concentration (GLU), total cholesterol concentration (TCHO), free cholesterol concentration (FCHO), triglyceride concentration (TG) and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP). In total, 1086 animals in 10 age groups were examined. Data analyses were done with respect to the difference of sex. Discrimination was possible by Mahalanobis' generalized distance between centroids of groups. In canonical discriminant analysis (discriminant analysis with reduction of dimensionality), age was highly correlated to the value of the first canonical variate. From the approximate relative value of the eigenvector of the first canonical variate, the most discriminant variables are WBC, TP, ALB, A/G, TCHO, FCHO, TG, and ALP. It can be concluded that periodic measurement of these 8 parameters is necessary and sufficient to monitor the physiological conditions of growing monkeys.     

Age-related changes in hematological and serum biochemical values in cats]

Nineteen hematological and serum biochemical values were analyzed for 91 healthy cats of both sexes (aged 1 to 48 months) that were bred and reared in our laboratory. Age-related changes were found for many parameters. Red blood cell counts (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), Mean corpuscular constants, GPT, total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) initially were low but increased then stabilized. White blood cell counts (WBC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), inorganic phosphorus (Pi), total bilirubin (TBil), total cholesterol (TC), glucose (GLU), and triglyceride (TG) initially were high, but decreased then stabilized. No age-related changes were found for GOT, blood urea nitrogen, or calcium. Of the parameters that changed with age, the mean corpuscular constants, GPT, GLU, and TG became stabilized during the first 3 to 4 months of life, but others (RBC, Hb, Ht, TP, ALB) became stabilized after 9 to 11 months, during which period body weight reached a plateau. Some parameters (WBC, ALP, TG, Pi) showed change up to 18 months of age. These results suggest that cats 9 to 11 months old can be regarded as adults; but for some parameters, cats aged 18 months, or older, are better regarded as adults. Sex-related differences in the values for mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and WBC that were found after 11 months of age were higher in females. ALB was higher in males.     

A comparative study of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels in the saliva of diabetic and normal patients

Diabetes has been reported to affect salivary glands adversely in humans and experimental models. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are salivary enzymes that also are widely distributed in animal tissues. We determined GOT and GPT levels in saliva samples of 100 type 1 and 30 type 2 diabetic patients using reflectance spectrophotometry and compared them to 30 age and sex matched healthy controls. Statistically significant differences were observed in the mean values of GOT and GPT in type 1 diabetics compared to type 2 and control groups. Significantly higher GOT levels were found in the 1–20 year age group of type 1 diabetics. Our findings suggest that salivary gland damage is due to the same immunological attack that affects pancreatic β cells and results in type 1 diabetes.     

Diurnal variations and effects of fasting on blood constituents in minipigs.

We examined the diurnal variations and the effects of 48-hour fasting on hematological and serum biochemical values to obtain basic physiological data on ten male and seven female G?ttingen minipigs 6 to 16 months of age. For all hematological parameters examined (RBC, HCT, HGB, WBC and PLT), there was no diurnal variation in either sex, but red blood cell parameters were affected by fasting, with an increase in males and a decrease in females. Three serum biochemical parameters (GOT, UN and i.p.) for males and four (GOT, UN, Ca and i.p.) for females exhibited diurnal variation. These variations were eliminated by fasting. The BIL level in males was increased by fasting, and the color of serum was yellowish. Fe concentration in both sexes and CRE and Mg levels in males were decreased by fasting. These findings are basic data for various experiments on minipigs, and indicate that great care is required in establishing feeding times and fasting intervals and in the analysis of results of experiments on minipigs.     

Multivariate analysis of hematological and serum biochemical values in female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) aged less than a year

Hematological and serum biochemical data obtained from 91 laboratory-bred cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) aged 11 to 362 days were analyzed by the discriminant analysis. All animals used had been bred and reared under uniform environmental conditions at Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical Science, N. I. H., Japan. The examination items were as follows: red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit value (Ht), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cell count (WBC), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity (GPT), total protein concentration (TP), albumin concentration (ALB), albumin-globulin ratio (A/G), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose concentration (GLU), total cholesterol concentration (TCHO), free cholesterol concentration (FCHO), triglyceride concentration (TG), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and calcium concentration (Ca). The animals were divided into four groups (A: Suckling infants, less than 176 days old. B, C, D: Weanlings and juveniles, 121 to 220 days old, 221 to 280 days old, and 281 to 362 days old, respectively). Discrimination was possible among these four groups on the basis of the Mahalanobis' generalized distance. Regarding the canonical discriminant analysis (discriminant analysis with reduction of dimensionality), discrimination was possible. The suckling infant group could be discriminated from the juvenile groups by the first canonical variate. Concerning the juvenile groups, age was highly correlated to the value of the second canonical variate.2+ Judging from an approximate relative eigenvector value for the second canonical variate, the effective discriminant variables were WBC, TP, ALB, A/G, FCHO, TG, and ALP. It can be concluded that these eight parameters are important and useful for monitoring the physiologicals conditions of growing juvenile monkeys.     

Age and gender related changes in hematological parameters of thoroughbred foals

Abstract

Hematological and biochemical profiles commonly are required in equine medicine. We studied hematological parameters including red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (PCV), differential leukocyte counts, mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in thoroughbred foals at different ages and for both sexes. Sixty healthy thoroughbred foals, 1 day, 3 days and 1 year old were used. Each age group consisted of 10 male and 10 female animals. We found significant differences related to age in RBC values of females, PCV, MCV values of males, WBC, neutrophil percentages, lymphocyte percentages, monocyte percentages of females, and eosinophil percentages and basophil percentages. Significant differences related to gender were found only with regard to PCV at 1 year and WBC at 1 day. The hematological parameters of thoroughbred foals up to one year old may be useful for evaluating and monitoring the health of these animals.     

Effects of capture on biological parameters in free-ranging bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis): evaluation of drop-net, drive-net, chemical immobilization and the net-gun

Blood samples and physiological data were collected from 634 bighorn sheep captured between 1980 and 1986 in the western United States. Bighorn sheep were evaluated for physiological parameters (temperature, pulse and respiration), selected biochemical parameters (cortisol, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphotase (AP), potassium, sodium, chloride, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), selenium, glucose, total protein, plasma pH and plasma PCO2), and selected hematological parameters (packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (HB), red blood cell count (RBC), and white blood cell count (WBC]. These parameters were compared among bighorn sheep captured by four different methods: drop-net (n = 158), drive-net (n = 249), chemical immobilization (n = 90) and the net-gun (n = 137). Biological parameters affected by stress, including temperature, respiration, cortisol, CPK, SGOT, potassium, glucose and WBC revealed significant differences among capture methods (P less than 0.05). Some blood parameter differences, including temperature, respiration, cortisol, glucose and WBC could be explained partially by the distribution of age and sex within capture method groups. Drop-net and net-gun methods of capture appeared to produce the least amount of alteration to biological parameters related to capture stress or compromise and capture mortality. Drive-net was similar to the former methods while chemical immobilization caused the greatest changes in the above physiological, biochemical and hematological parameters.     

长爪沙鼠血液生理生化正常参考值的研究

目的　作者对长爪沙鼠血液生理生化 33项指标进行测定 ,比较国内饲育不同地区长爪沙鼠种群。方法　实验动物空腹 1 2h ,次日眼球采血 ,分两组 ,分别检测生理和生化指标。结果　年龄的差异对大多数血液生理生化指标影响较大 ,性别差异除GLU、CK、CRE、UA、TG、GOT、CHO、ALP、LDH、RBC、HGB、MCHC、PLT、WBC、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比例外 ,各指标均不受影响。结论　饲育不同地区长爪沙鼠大多数生理、生化指标差异较大 ,提示饲育环境与年龄差异是这一指标波动的重要因素     

Pharmacokinetics of Glutamate–Oxaloacetate Transaminase and Glutamate–Pyruvate Transaminase and Their Blood Glutamate-Lowering Activity in Na?ve Rats

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke lead to elevated levels of glutamate in the brain that negatively affect the neurological outcomes in both animals and humans. Intravenous administration of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) enzymes can be used to lower the blood glutamate levels and to improve the neurological outcome following TBI and stroke. The objective of this study was to analyze the pharmacokinetics and to determine the glutamate-lowering effects of GOT and GPT enzymes in na?ve rats. We determined the time course of serum GOT, GPT, and glutamate levels following a single intravenous administration of two different doses of each one of the studied enzymes. Forty-six male rats were randomly assigned into one of 5 treatment groups: saline (control), human GOT at dose 0.03 and 0.06?mg/kg and porcine GPT at dose 0.6 and 1.2?mg/kg. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 5?min, and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24?h after the drug injection and GOT, GPT and glutamate levels were determined. The pharmacokinetics of both GOT and GPT followed one-compartment model, and both enzymes exhibited substantial glutamate-lowering effects following intravenous administration. Analysis of the pharmacokinetic data indicated that both enzymes were distributed predominantly in the blood (central circulation) and did not permeate to the peripheral organs and tissues. Several-hour delay was present between the time course of the enzyme levels and the glutamate-lowering effects (leading to clock-wise hysteresis on concentration-effect curves), apparently due to the time that is required to affect the pool of serum glutamate. We conclude that the interaction between the systemically-administered enzymes (GOT and GPT) and the glutamate takes place in the central circulation. Thus, glutamate-lowering effects of GOT and GPT apparently lead to redistribution of the excess glutamate from the brain's extracellular fluid into the blood and can reduce secondary brain injury due to glutamate neurotoxicity. The outcomes of this study regarding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the GOT and GPT enzymes will be subsequently verified in clinical studies that can lead to design of effective neuroprotective treatment strategies in patients with traumatic brain diseases and stroke.     

Effect of prolonged administration of insecticide (Cyhalothrin/Karate) on the blood and liver of rabbits.

A sublethal dose of Karate administered to rabbits produced a significant increase in the total erythrocyte count and packed cell volume after 15 days of administration, though no significant change was observed after 30 days. The transaminases (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, GOT; glutamate pyruvate transaminase, GPT) also increased after 15 days of treatment. The GPT activity increased 119% and 60% after 15 and 30 days, respectively. From amongst metabolites, glucose content increased 17% and 185%, while cholesterol decreased 40% and 66%, and bilirubin 84% and 61%, after 15 and 30 days, respectively. The hepatic AkP activity decreased 30%, while the GPT activity increased 44%. Other enzymes such as AcP, GOT and LDH remained unaffected. The concentration of other metabolites, except for FAA which increased 35%, remained unaffected. Histological changes were marked by atrophied hepatic cells and hypertrophied nuclei and nucleoli. A trend towards necrosis of hepatic cells was also observed. All these results indicate that Karate is moderately toxic to mammals.     

Biochemical and hematological parameters and histological alterations in fish Cyprinus carpio L. as biomarkers for water pollution with chlorpyrifos

The possible effects of the chlorpyrifos (CPF) on the fish Cyprinus carpio L. exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (52, 79, and 158 µg/L) of CPF for 6 weeks were evaluated, and an analysis was made of their hematological parameters, biochemical parameters, and histology of various organs such as liver, gill, and muscle. At three concentrations, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin, Red blood cells (RBC) Hb, T3, T4, and total protein were significantly decreased in fish treated with CPF, whereas the parameters White blood cells (WBC), creatinine, Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT) and Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT) presented a significant increase at the two higher concentrations. However, the sub-chronic exposure to CPF resulted in histological lesions and caused clear damage to liver, muscles, and gill tissues of the fish Cyprinus carpio. Thus, we may conclude that the altered biochemical and hematological parameters can be used as efficient biomarkers in monitoring the toxicity of CPF in aquatic organisms. At the same time, histopathology proves as a reliable and easy tool for toxicological studies.     

Short communication effects of six months' feeding of cypermethrin on the blood and liver of albino rats

A cypermethrin-mixed diet was fed uninterrupted to male albino rats for six months to evaluate toxicity in nontarget organisms. The rats consumed cypermethrin at a dose of 420 mg active ingredient (AI) per kilogram body weight per day. At the end of the stipulated period, the blood and liver were analyzed for insecticidal toxicity. The hemoglobin content and white blood cell (WBC) count remained unaltered, while the red blood cell (RBC) count and packed-cell volume (PCV) decreased significantly. The blood serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), and amylase activities were elevated 61%, 30%, and 46%, respectively, after six months of insecticide feeding, suggesting liver and possibly pancreas malfunction. The glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activities, on the other hand, decreased 37% and 40%, respectively. The blood serum protein and free amino acids (FAA) content increased 12% and 31%, respectively, while cholesterol content decreased 49%. Consequent to cypermethrin administration the hepatic GOT, LDH, and ICDH activities increased 250%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. The soluble proteins, FAA, and glucose contents exhibited significant increases of 28%, 61%, and 71%, respectively. Histological changes were marked by hypertrophied hepatic cells and nuclei.     

The effects of ketamine anesthesia on hematological and serum biochemical values in female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

The effects of ketamine anesthesia (15 mg/kg body weight) on hematological and serum biochemical values were examined in six female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) who were born in the wild. As control, another six female cynomolgus monkeys of the same origin were injected with physiological saline. The white blood cell count, total protein concentration, albumin concentration and calcium concentration decreased after the injection of ketamine, whereas the red blood cell count, hematocrit value, hemoglobin concentration, total cholesterol concentration, free cholesterol concentration, triglyceride concentration, transaminase activities (GOT, GPT) and alkaline phosphatase activity were not affected. A transient increase of the serum glucose level was observed within 10 minutes after ketamine injection. The relationship between these effects of ketamine anesthesia and serum cortisol levels measured by radioimmunoassay was discussed.     

The anaerobic fungusPiromyces sp. strain E2: nitrogen requirement and enzymes involved in primary nitrogen metabolism

The anaerobic fungusPiromyces sp. strain E2 appeared restricted in nitrogen utilization. Growth was only supported by ammonium as source of nitrogen. Glutamine also resulted in growth, but this was due to release of ammonia rather than to uptake and utilization of the amino acid. The fungus was not able to grow on other amino acids, albumin, urea, allantoin, or nitrate. Assimilation of ammonium is very likely to be mediated by NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH) and glutamine synthetase (GS). One transaminating activity, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), was demonstrated. Glutamate synthase (GOGAT), NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD-GDH), and the transaminating activity glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were not detected in cell-free extracts ofPiromyces sp. strain E2. Specific enzyme activities of both NADP-GDH and GS increased four-to sixfold under nitrogen-limiting conditions.Abbreviations GDH Glutamate dehydrogenase - GOGAT Glutamate synthase - GOT Glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase - GPT Glutamate-pyruvate transaminase - GS Glutamine synthetase     

Canonical discriminant analysis for pregnancy-related changes in hematological and serum biochemical values in tamarins (Saguinus spp

Hematological and biochemical values obtained from 9 monkeys (Saguinus labiatus and S. mistax) during pre- and postpartum periods were analyzed by canonical discriminant analysis (discriminant analysis with reduction of dimensionality). All animals used were of wild origin and had been maintained under uniform environmental conditions at N. I. H., Japan. The items examined were as follows: white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit value (Ht), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), total protein concentration (TP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin concentration (ALB), albumin-globulin ratio (A/G), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity (GGT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity (GPT), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and total cholesterol concentration (CHO). The data obtained in the pre- and postpartum periods were divided into six chronological groups. The prepartum period was divided into Group I: weeks 15-10; Group II: weeks 9-7; Group III: weeks 6-4; and Group IV: weeks 3-0. The postpartum period was divided into Group V: weeks 0-4 and Group VI: weeks 5-7). In the later pregnancy period (Groups III and IV), significant decreases in RBC, Ht, Hb, TP and ALB, and a significant increase in CHO were observed. These values in the blood and serum continued after delivery (Groups V and VI). Results of canonical discriminant analysis showed that the value of the first canonical variate decreased according to the progress of pregnancy. The postpartum groups showed negative values. Although groups in the early     

Low-dose erythropoietin aggravates endotoxin-induced organ damage in conscious rats

Endotoxin shock can induce the production of several inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, leading to multiple organ dysfunction and death. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been found to interact with its receptor (EPO-R), expressed in a wide variety of non-hematopoietic tissues, to induce a range of pleiotropic cytoprotective actions. We investigated the effects of low doses of EPO (300 U/kg, intravenous administration) on the physiopathology and cytokine levels in endotoxin shock in conscious rats. Endotoxin shock was induced by intravenous injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (20 mg/kg) in conscious rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were continuously monitored for 48 h after LPS administration. Levels of biochemical and cytokine parameters, including glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 48 h after sepsis. Serum TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β level was measured at 1 h after sepsis. Endotoxin shock significantly increased blood GOT, GPT, BUN, Cre, LDH, CPK, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β levels, and HR, while it decreased MAP. EPO further increased the markers of organ injury (GOT, GPT, BUN, Cre, LDH, and CPK), inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and did not affect MAP and HR after LPS. EPO disserved endotoxin shock-induced liver, kidney, lung, and small intestine damage in conscious rats. In conclusion, pre-treatment with low doses of EPO increased the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, along with aggravating endotoxin shock-induced markers of organ injury in conscious rats.     

细菌侵染的两种鲤鱼病生理反应及抗病性分析

通过人工接种嗜水气单胞菌(A.hydrophila)对受到细菌侵染的鲤鱼两个品种松浦鲤和德国镜鲤的病生理进行检测和分析,并采用DDRT-PCR方法对两种鲤的明显的抗感病个体基因差异进行初步分析。对血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞(RBC)、血小板(PLT)、白细胞(WBC)记数,尿素氮(BUN)、白蛋白(ALB)、总蛋白(TP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、血糖(GLU)等生理生化指标进行了检测。人工接种试验表明,松浦鲤具有较强的抗病性,而德国镜鲤抗病性很差而感病性很强。DDRT-PCR结果表明,抗性基因在不同的鲤鱼群体之间及同种鲤鱼群体的不同抗感病个体之间表达水平不同。生理生化指标的变化反映出这两种鲤的抗性差异,在外来致病菌的刺激下,实验鲤体内的生理生化水平发生了变化,其中一些生化指标如谷丙转氨酶和总蛋白大幅度下降,其它生理指标表现出上升的趋势。总之松浦鲤在面对致病菌的侵染时从表型到生理生化水平上均表现出较强的抗病性。     

深水网箱养殖卵形鲳鲹血液指标

对深水网箱养殖卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)成鱼的部分血液性状和血清生化指标进行测定比较.结果显示,雌、雄成鱼红细胞数量(RBC)、白细胞数量(WBC)、血细胞比容(Ht)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)等血液性状不存在显著性差异.血清指标中雌、雄成鱼血糖(GLU)的含量分别为(10.24±1.25)mmol/L、(17.36±1.34)mmol/L,存在极显著差异;雌鱼血清中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、钾离子(K+)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)浓度大于雄鱼(P<0.05);雄鱼血清中肌酐(CREA)、钠离子(Na+)浓度大于雌鱼(P<0.05);尿酸(UA)、尿素氮(BUN)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)、白蛋白/球蛋白(ALB/GLB)、钙离子(Ca2+)、氯离子(Cl-)、无机磷(PO43-)等指标,雌雄差异不显著.卵形鲳鲹部分生化指标存在雌雄差异,可能与个体的生理状况有关.结果可为卵形鲳鲹血液生理研究提供基础资料.     

高效氯氰菊酯对欧洲鲫鱼血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性的影响

Synthetic pyrethroids are considered as possible sub-stitutesfor some organophosphate carbamates or organochlo-rine insecticides,and have been used extensivelyfor morethantwo decades[1].Pyrethroids are preferred over otherinsecticides because of their easy degradation into non-toxic or less toxic metabolites under natural conditions.Consequently,there has recently beena dramatic increaseinthe use of pyrethroid pesticides to control insect pests.However,synthetic pyrethroids were also reported …