苏云金芽胞杆菌的遗传多样性I.遗传标记及其应用

苏云金芽胞杆菌自１９０１年发现以来,经过近一个世纪的研究,其制剂成为目前世界上产量最大的微生物杀虫剂,据统计,世界苏云金芽胞杆菌制剂占微生物杀虫剂总量的９０％～９５％〔１〕。全世界已收集保藏的苏云金芽胞杆菌达４００００株〔２〕,杀虫活性谱剧增,除对鳞翅目昆虫有活性外,相继发现对双翅目（１９７７年）、鞘翅目（１９８３年）、线虫（１９８８年）、原生动物（１９８９年）、扁形动物、蛛形纲（１９９０年）及昆虫纲的膜翅目、同翅目（１９９３年）敏感的苏云金芽胞杆菌菌株,具有丰富的表型多样性,同时也反映其存在丰…     

中国人姓氏群体遗传I.姓氏频率分布与人群遗传分化

分析了明朝中国人姓氏分布特征和１０００年中影响姓氏分布的因数。通过对１０００年来３个不同历史时期的α和ｖ值的分析,较为清楚地看到了中国人姓氏分布的规律,中国普遍存在同姓人群,尤其在中原地区相对隔离的同源Ｙ染色体的群体（同姓人群）种类不同于其他寻区,特别是比南方地区相对要多,姓氏种类也多。假设每一种同姓人群携带某一种特定类型的Ｙ－ＤＮＡ单倍型,那么,姓氏分布的特征可能提示在中国姓氏起源的中心－－中原     

橡胶树种质资源遗传多样性研究I.速生种质遗传多样性RAPD分析

应用RAPD技术对8份野生种质和12份栽培种质进行遗传多样性分析,筛选到18个具有多态性扩增的引物,共扩增出128条带.据Nei-Li相似系数将20份材料分别聚为野生种质和栽培种质两大类.5个野生种质聚为野生种质类群,12个栽培种质和3个野生种质聚为栽培种质类群.研究结果表明,RAPD技术用于橡胶树种质资源研究,能够为野生种质优良特性导入栽培种质提供分子水平的参考依据.     

宁乡猪数量性状遗传规律的研究I.繁殖性状

数量性状遗传规律是畜禽品种的重要种性 之一,掌握数量性状的遗传规律,对于开展品种 选育和利用,有着十分重要的作用。本文根据 宁乡猪育种资料,对繁殖性状的表型和遗传参 数进行估测。     

昆明山海棠遗传毒性评价I.致突效应的研究

本文报道了中药昆明山海棠在Ames试验、人外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体互换（SCE）及小鼠骨髓细胞染色体结构畸变分析中的遗传毒性效应。结果发现,昆明山海棠根部水提取物（THH）(200~800mg/皿)及醇抽提物（ATH）（100~200mg/皿）在TA97、TA100均不同程度地诱发突变。THH在人体外周血淋巴细胞中显著诱发SCE（0.313~0.625mg/ml）。在小鼠骨髓细胞染色体结构分析中,THH未表现出明显的染色体断裂效应（2.5~14.3g/kg）。结果暗示,昆明山海棠对人类遗传物质具有潜在威胁,其临床应用应持谨慎态度。     

适应.驯化与获得性遗传

适应、驯化与获得性遗传姚敦义张慧娟（山东师范大学生物学系,济南２５００１４）ＡＤＡＰＴＡＴＩＯＮＨＡＢＩＴＵＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＴＨＥＩＮＨＥＲＩＴＡＮＣＥＯＦＡＣＱＵＩＲＥＤＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＹａｏＤｕｎ－ｙｉＺｈａｎｇＨｕｉ－ｊｕａｎ（Ｄ...     

RAPD分析在绢丝昆虫亲缘关系研究中的应用I.蓖麻蚕品种间的遗传差异

用RAPD技术对蓖麻蚕基因组DNA进行多态性研究,分析了5个蓖麻蚕品种间的遗传差异。结果表明,所采用的40个随机引物中,有27个引物扩增谱带清晰且重复性较好,扩增总片段数达243个,单个引物的扩增片段数在4～17之间,平均为9条,片段大小在0.33～3.0kb之间。不同蓖麻蚕品种间的遗传距离(D)在0.0683～0.1603之间,根据D值,由UPGMA聚类分析软件绘制了它们的聚类分子树。 Abstract：Random amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze the genetic diversity among eri sickworm. The genetic variance of five erisickworm was studied. The result showed that: 27 of 40 arbitrary primers could amplify clearly with repeatable bands.243 fragments were obtained.Each primer gave 4～17 bands and the average was 9.The length of the band was 0.33～3.0kb. The genetic distance (D) value between different breeds of Eri Silkworm was 0.0683～0.1603. The D value was used to construct a dendrogram by UPGMA.     

中国匍柄霉研究I.

来自山东泰安和安徽合肥匍柄霉属的两个新种分别命名为棉匍柄霉Stemphylium gossypii和莴苣匍柄霉Stemphylium lactucae。模式标本保存于山东农业大学植物病理系标本室(HSAUP)。     

中国匍柄霉研究I.

来自山东泰安和安徽合肥匍柄霉属的两个新种分别命名为棉匍柄霉Stemphylium gossypii和莴苣匍柄霉Stemphylium lactucae。模式标本保存于山东农业大学植物病理系标本室(HSAUP)。     

SYNTHETIC AGROPYRON-ELYMUS HYBRIDS. I. ELYMUS CANADENSIS × AGROPYRON SUBSECUNDUM

Twenty-four seeds were formed in 34 hand-emasculated E. canadensis florets exposed to A. subsecundum pollen. Fifteen of the 24 seeds germinated, and 12 plants were raised to maturity. Each of the 12 plants proved to be a hybrid. The hybrids were morphologically intermediate between the parents, although they favored A. subsecundum in general appearance. The parent plants were meiotically regular and behaved cytologically as strict allotetraploids, 2n = 28. Fourteen bivalents were formed in 12.6% of the hybrid cells interpreted at metaphase I. All other hybrid cells contained various combinations of univalents, bivalents, and multivalents. Mean chromosome associations of 0.22 univalents, 11.70 bivalents, 0.11 trivalente, 0.23 quadrivalents, 0.01 pentavalents, and 0.55 hexavalents were observed in 135 hybrid cells. All hybrid pollen examined was shriveled and non-staining. Five hybrids produced eight seeds, and seven hybrids were completely sterile. The ready cross-compatibility of E. canadensis and A. subsecundum and the relatively good chromosome pairing in their hybrids suggest a much closer relationship between the parent species than is implied by the prevailing taxonomic treatment. Structural rearrangements appear to be responsible for the relatively few differences between E. canadensis and A. subsecundum genomes and for the sterility of the hybrids. Cytological data from this and other investigations indicate a close relationship between many self-fertilizing Agropyron, Elymus, and Sitanion species. It is postulated that this composite of self-fertilizing Agropyron, Elymus, and Sitanion species originated by hybridization between A. spicatum and an unidentified Hordeum species.