小型浅水湖泊沉积物磷的赋存形态及其相关性分析

以孔目湖沉积物为研究对象, 应用七步连续提取法测定其中的不同形态磷, 探讨了该湖泊沉积物中各赋存形态磷的分布特征, 并对其进行了相关性分析。结果表明: 该湖泊遭受的磷内源负荷比较大, 磷污染严重; 沉积物中TP含量在2338.63-2954.98 mg•kg-1, 平均为2671.37 mg•kg-1; 沉积物中各形态磷含量从高到低依次为: Fe-P>De-P>Ca-P> OP>Al-P>Oc-P>Ex-P, 分别占TP的53.9%、28.7%、8.8%、6.2%、1.2%、0.9%、0.3%; 生物有效磷含量为1583.59 mg•kg-1, 占TP的59.28%; 沉积物中TP与Fe-P极显著相关, Oc-P与Ca-P和OP与Ca-P均相关, 而TP与Ex-P、Al-P、Ca-P和OP相关性较差, 说明沉积物中TP含量主要来自于Fe-P。这一研究结果为揭示小型湖泊富营养化发生机制提供了数据及理论支撑。     

乳山湾东流区沉积物中不同形态磷的分布特征

对2003年8月在乳山湾东流区采集的沉积物样品中的不同形态磷的平面和垂直分布特征进行了分析,并探讨了这些磷的形态分布与贝类养殖的关系,结果表明,不同形态磷在贝类高密度养殖区含量大于低密度养殖区.养殖区的垂直分布比较复杂,在1～20cm范围含量均出现较大波动,这与贝类养殖活动有关.Fe-P、Al-P含量出现较大波动还与污染程度有关,Or-P还与浮游植物活动有关.养殖区Ex-P、Fe-P、NAIP占TP的平均百分含量大于非养殖区,De-P、Oc-P恰好相反.Ca-P是乳山湾沉积物中含量最高的磷形态,Fe-P 和Or-P是最主要的两种生物可获得磷.TP、Or-P含量在养殖区与非养殖区之间没有显著差异,养殖区Fe-P含量高于非养殖区,3种磷的平均含量一般大于其它海区.非生物可获得磷约占TP的60%左右.     

柘林湾表层沉积物中的生物可利用磷

对2002年7月至2003年7月间采集的柘林湾表层沉积物样品中的总磷(TP)、有机磷(OP)及各形态无机磷进行分析。结果表明,各形态磷的空间分布与调查海区沉积物粒径有关,并受沿岸污水排放及近岸养殖排污等人为活动的影响。表层沉积物各形态磷的平面分布基本呈现为湾内(除S1、S7站外)高于湾外的总体趋势。无机磷中以自生磷(Au-P)为主要存在形态,占总磷的47.3%,有机磷(OP)含量次之,占总磷的19.5%,铁结合磷(Fe-P)最低。其中,生物可利用磷(包括Ex-P、Fe-P、OP和部分Au-P)占TP的35.7%~83.0%,在国内外海湾中处于较高水平。     

根际促生菌对沉水植物的促生效应及其与沉积物氮磷赋存形态的关系

研究在沉积物高有机质条件下, 通过接种根际促生菌(Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR) PC2(Bacillus stratosphericus)、H19(Bacillus subtilis)和L3(Bacillus cereus)的方式探讨其对苦草(Vallisneria natans)植株的促生效应及其与沉积物氮磷赋存形态的关系。结果表明, 接种组对苦草生长具有显著促进作用, 空白处理种植的苦草生长受到抑制, PGPR对苦草生长促进的综合影响为PC2>H19>L3, PC2处理组株高、根长、地上鲜重和根鲜重比空白分别增加了165.0%、17.4%、378.8%和165.1%。进一步分析不同时期苦草的各种生长指标增量与氮磷赋存形态增量的关系, 通过RDA分析及皮尔森相关分析, 苦草生长指标增量与沉积物中无机氮(Inorg-N)、亚硝态氮(NO₂-N)、硝态氮(NO₃-N)、无机磷(Inorg-P)和铁/铝磷(Fe/Al-P)等增量显著负相关, 表明PGPR对沉积物中无机态N、P具有一定的控制作用。因此, 接种PGPR对解决受污染湖泊沉水植物恢复及内源污染等问题具有一定潜力。     

不同功能型沉水植物对溶解氧影响及环境效应

研究选用刺苦草(Vallisneria spinulosa)、黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)分别代表底层型、冠层少根型和冠层多根型沉水植物,通过中宇宙实验,探索不同功能型沉水植物在生长过程中水柱和沉积物中溶解氧(DO)浓度及其相关指标的差异。实验结果表明:不同处理组水柱DO浓度存在显著差异,空白组水柱DO浓度显著低于植物处理组,且空白组水柱总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)浓度降低程度最少;黑藻组比叶面积、叶面积指数、净增长生物量、相对生长速率和水柱DO浓度最大,能够有效降低水柱TP和TN浓度;穗花狐尾藻组株高最高,提升水柱DO浓度显著高于刺苦草,水柱TP降低程度最大;刺苦草组比根长、单株总根长和根冠比最大,提升沉积物深度6 cm以内的DO效果最好,沉积物铁含量最高,沉积物总氮(TN)、总碳(TC)含量和间隙水总溶解性磷(TDP)浓度最低。在修复富营养湖泊过程中,可根据水和沉积物缺氧状况,合理配置底层型和冠层型沉水植物,构建释氧能力较强的群落,从沉积物表层到水柱上层均为湖泊提供充足的氧气,从而更加有利于清水态的形成。     

衰亡期沉水植物对水和沉积物磷迁移的影响

通过室内模拟的方式,分别研究了秋季黑藻、苦草和春季菹草的衰亡过程,分析了沉水植物在衰亡期间水、沉积物中磷与环境因子[pH、氧化还原电位(Eh)和溶解氧(DO)]的相互作用.结果表明:沉水植物黑藻和菹草在衰亡期间能显著提高水中总磷(TP)、溶解性总磷(DTP)、颗粒磷(PP)、溶解性活性磷(SRP)和溶解性有机磷(DOP)的含量;苦草在衰亡期对水体各形态磷含量影响不显著,且各形态磷含量的变化相对较小(TP,0.04-0.06 mg/L);环境因子的变化对水中磷含量影响显著,黑藻和菹草水体中TP的含量和环境因子pH、DO和Eh均呈负相关,而苦草组水中各形态磷的含量受环境因子影响不显著.实验期间不同植物组沉积物中总磷(TP)、NaOH提取磷(NaOH-P)、HCl提取磷(HCl-P)、无机磷(IP)和有机磷(OP)的含量均呈上升趋势.沉积物IP的含量主要受NaOH-P的影响,OP对TP的影响要大于IP,沉积物OP与OM(有机质)的含量存在显著正相关.     

不同退耕年限下菜子湖湿地土壤磷素组分特征变化

选取菜子湖区不同退耕年限(2、5、8、10a和20a)湿地为研究对象,以仍耕作油菜地和原始湿地为参照,分析了土壤全磷(TP)、有效磷(AP)、有机磷(OP)和无机磷(IP)各形态含量,探讨退耕还湖后湿地土壤磷素组分特征变化规律。结果表明:研究区土壤无机磷各形态含量大小顺序为:铁磷(Fe-P:73.55—391.76 mg/kg)钙磷(Ca-P:21.64—108.04 mg/kg)闭蓄态磷(O-P:17.15—29.57 mg/kg)铝磷(Al-P:5.84—25.97 mg/kg),其中Fe-P占了土壤无机磷总量的54.20%—74.13%;退耕还湖2—8a期间,湿地土壤Al-P、Fe-P和O-P含量有逐渐降低趋势,而退耕8—20a后逐渐上升,以Fe-P为主的这3形态磷左右着退耕后土壤无机磷的变化;Ca-P随退耕年限增加整体呈上升趋势,对土壤无机磷的贡献逐渐增加;无机磷占土壤全磷的比例为35.90%—67.27%,主导着退耕后湿地土壤全磷变化;有机磷占土壤全磷的17.82%—50.51%,在退耕2a后下降,随后开始逐渐上升,对退耕后湿地土壤磷库恢复的贡献逐渐增加;其中Fe-P、O-P和Al-P控制着退耕后土壤磷素有效性变化。退耕后水文条件、植被生长和土壤黏粒含量变化不仅影响退耕后湿地土壤磷素组分特征,也影响着退耕后湿地土壤磷素有效性。     

泉州湾洛阳江河口沉积物中磷的形态分布

分析了泉州湾洛阳江河口沉积物中总磷及5种形态磷(可交换态磷(DP)、铁铝结合态磷(Fe/Al-P)、钙结合态磷(Ca-P)、有机磷(OP)和闭蓄态磷(Re-P))的含量,探讨了它们的垂向分布特征、相互关系及环境指示意义。结果表明:沉积物中的总磷(TP)以无机磷为主,占TP比例76%~89%;除可交换态磷外,沉积物中形态磷的垂向分布规律具有相似性,大体随深度增加而减小,且在表层有富集现象,反映了沉积物中总磷和各形态磷的分布受人类活动影响较明显;通过相关性分析,钙结合态磷是总磷和无机磷的主要控制因素,而总磷和其他形态磷(除了可交换态磷外)相互间均具有显著相关性,且有机质对各形态磷的分布均有一定影响;TP和各形态磷含量,以及(Fe/Al-P)/TP、Ca-P/TP、OP/TP都在同一层出现了显著变化,反映了水利设施和围垦工程对沉积环境和各形态磷迁移转化有较大影响。     

黄东海陆架区沉积物中磷的形态分布及生物可利用性

采用1992年Ruttenberg连续提取法(SEDEX)将黄东海陆架区沉积物中的磷分为交换态磷(Ex-P),Fe结合态磷(Fe-P),自生磷(Au-P),碎屑磷(De-P),有机磷(Or-P),分析了各形态磷的平面和垂直分布特征;利用沉积物年代序列测定的结果,探讨了柱状沉积物中不同形态磷的含量变化,并进一步分析了该区域磷形态的生物可利用性.结果表明,黄东海陆架区表层沉积物各形态磷平均含量为:Au-P(140.72 μg/g)＞De-P(59.23 μg/g)＞Or-P(32.69 μg/g)＞Fe-P(29.91 μg/g)＞Ex-P(5.92 μg/g);各形态磷在沉积时间序列上分布不同,反映了不同时期人类活动和气候环境等因子对磷埋藏量影响的不同,其中Au-P在长江口H1-18站位含量比南黄海中部3个站位要低得多;调查区表层潜在生物有效磷为13.55％左右,仅仅占沉积磷中的一小部分.     

两种沉水植物对间隙水磷浓度的影响

为研究两种根系特征的沉水植物在生长过程中对间隙水中磷浓度的影响,选取根系较多的沉水植物苦草和根系相对较少的沉水植物黑藻作为实验材料,监测底泥中间隙水各形态磷含量及环境因子的变化,探讨不同根系特征沉水植物对间隙水中磷的影响。结果表明:黑藻和苦草实验组沉积物间隙水中各形态磷的浓度均呈不同程度的降低,黑藻和苦草对于稳定水质,减少底泥中磷向水中转移具有明显的效果;沉水植物不同,底泥间隙水中溶解性总磷(DTP)和溶解性活性磷(SRP)存在明显差异。实验结束时黑藻组和苦草组间隙水中DTP的浓度分别为0.24,0.01 mg/L,SRP的浓度分别为0.22 mg/L,0.004 mg/L。间隙水中磷的形态主要以DTP和SRP为主,溶解性有机磷(DOP)的含量相对较低。沉水植物对间隙水中磷的吸收是降低间隙水中磷含量的重要原因,苦草的吸收能力大于黑藻。沉水植物根系通过降低底泥p H值,提高氧化还原电位(Eh)的方式抑制了底泥中磷的释放。     

Effect of temperature on phosphorus sorption to sediments from shallow eutrophic lakes

The availability of phosphorus (P) in lakes is dependent on the sorption characteristics of the underlying sediments. Temperature is a crucial factor affecting the P sorption in sediments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature on sorption of P by sediments from two eutrophic lakes. The study was carried out using short-term batch experiments at 4, 20 and 30 °C. Phosphorus sorption kinetics, isotherms, fractionation and desorption were investigated. The P sorption was dependent on sediment type and temperature (p < 0.001). The Mei sediments showed a higher sorption rate and sorption capacity than Hua sediments. The P sorption kinetics were best described by a pseudo second order model (R² > 0.97). Activation energies derived from the kinetics rate constant indicated that P sorption onto the two sediments was controlled by a diffusion process. For both sediments, Freundlich model fit the P sorption isotherms well and the calculated apparent sorption heat was 6.37 kJ mol⁻¹ for Mei sediments and 8.67 kJ mol⁻¹ for Hua sediments. This indicated that P sorption onto both sediments was endothermic. Adding P significantly increased the soluble and loosely bound P (S/L-P), aluminum-bound P (Al-P) and iron-bound P (Fe-P) (p < 0.05). The amount of Al-P and Fe-P was markedly higher at 30 °C than at 4 °C (p < 0.05). Subsequent P desorption indicated that adsorbed P was highly labile, in particular for Hua sediment. The degree of P mobility that occurred during sediment sorption was inversely related to the temperature at the time of sorption. A significant relationship (R² = 0.978) between phosphorus sorption maximum and oxalate-extractable Fe and Al at different temperatures reflects that the amorphous contents of Fe and Al are responsible for the temperature effect on P sorption.     

Differential effects of water depth and sediment type on clonal growth of the submersed macrophyte <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vallisneria natans</Emphasis>

The response of clonal growth and ramet morphology to water depth (from 60 to 260 cm) and sediment type (sand versus organic clay) was investigated for the stoloniferous submersed macrophyte Vallisneria natans in an outdoor pond experiment. Results showed that water depth significantly affected clonal growth of V. natans in terms of clone weight, number of ramets, number of generations, clonal radius and stolon length. V. natans showed an optimal clonal growth at water depths of 110–160 cm, but at greater depths clonal growth was severely retarded. A high allometric effect was exhibited in ramet morphology. Along the sequentially produced ramet generations, ramet weight and plant height decreased while stolon length and the root:leaf weight ratio increased. When using ramet generations as covariate, sediment type rather than water depth more strongly affected the ramet characteristics. For plants grown in clay, ramet weight, ramet height and stolon length were greater, and plants exhibited lower root:leaf weight ratio. These data suggest that water depth and sediment type have differential effects on clonal growth of V. natans: Water depth appears primarily to affect numerical increase in ramets and spatial spread, whereas sediment type mainly affects biomass accumulation and biomass allocation. Handling editor: S. M. Thomaz     

Vertical distribution and release characteristics of phosphorus forms in the sediments from the river inflow area of Dianchi Lake,China

Columnar sediment samples were collected from five representative river inflow areas of Dianchi Lake, China. The vertical distribution of each form of P were tested. Results showed that the concentration of TP in the sediments from areas A, B, C, D and E in the order of D > B > A > C > E, and the average concentration of D, B, A, C and E were 2991, 2064, 1308, 879, and 759 mg?kg^?1, respectively. The concentration of Ex-P, Fe/Al-P, Ca-P and Org-P all decreased with increasing depth. The release of Ex-P was significantly related to TP whereas the Fe/Al-P was not significantly related to TP in the samples from areas polluted by domestic sewage. However, the release of Ex-P and Fe/Al-P were both significantly related to TP in the samples from areas polluted by phosphate mining and phosphate fertilizer application. The results of equilibrium P concentration (EPC0) analysis showed that P in the sediments of areas A, D and E were the source of P in Dianchi Lake, and the P in the sediments of areas B and C were in relative equilibrium with the overlying water.     

Co-effect of phosphorus and cadmium interaction on fraction distribution and accumulation of phosphorus in mangrove-sediment system

Mangrove [Kandelia obovata (S. L.)] seedlings were cultivated in rhizoboxes under different rates of phosphorus (P) and cadmium (Cd) level. The speciation distributions of P both in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere sediments were examined using sequential extraction procedures. P contents in different K. obovata (S.L.) tissues were also determined. Results showed that considerable differences existed in P speciation distribution between rhizosphere and bulk sediments. A higher proportion of iron-bound phosphate (Fe-P) was found in the rhizosphere sediments, while a relatively higher concentration of exchangeable phosphate (Ex-P) and Aluminum-bound phosphate was found in the bulk sediments. P accumulation in plant tissues was significantly positively correlated to Ex-P and Fe-P. Results indicated that root activities play an important role in the P cycling. And the coexistence of P and Cd induced higher P accumulation in mangrove plants. It is suggested that the root-induced chemical and biological changes in the rhizosphere environment play an important role in enhancing the bioavailability of soil P.     

Growth and root distribution of Vallisneria natans in heterogeneous sediment environments

Plant growth, biomass allocation and root distribution were investigated in the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria natans growing in heterogeneous sediments. Experimentally heterogeneous sediment environments were constructed by randomly placing 4 cm of clay or sandy loam into the top (0–4 cm) or bottom (4–8 cm) layer within an experimental tray, providing two homogeneous and two heterogeneous treatments. Biomass accumulation was significantly affected by the experimental treatments: higher in the homogeneous sediment of clay (32 mg per plant) and the two heterogeneous treatments (about 27 mg per plant), but lower in the homogeneous sediment of sandy loam (15 mg per plant). Root: shoot ratio was also different among the four treatments. Compared with the treatments of clay in the top layer, plants allocated more biomass to roots at the treatments of sandy loam in the top layer. Heterogeneous sediments significantly affected root distribution pattern. Compared with the treatments of sandy loam in the bottom layer, root number (7–8 versus 13–14) and total root length (3.6–4.0 cm versus 29.5–40.0 cm) in the bottom layer were significantly higher in the treatments with clay in the bottom layer. These results indicate that both sediment structure and nutrient availability influence growth and root system distribution of V. natans.     

Resource allocation in the submerged plant Vallisneria natans related to sediment type, rather than water-column nutrients

1. Phenotypic plasticity in resource allocation by Vallisneria natans was investigated in a greenhouse experiment, using three types of sediment [sandy loam, clay, and a 50 : 50 (by volume) mixture of the two sediments] and two levels of water‐column nutrient. The clay was collected from a highly eutrophic lake in Jiangsu Province, China, and the N and P concentrations applied in nutrient media were at the upper limits observed in most lakes of China. 2. Growth and biomass allocation were significantly affected by sediment type, rather than water‐column nutrients. Plant growth in clay and the mixture were similar, and 2.4–3.4 times higher than that in sandy loam. Compared with the plants grown in clay or the mixed sediments, the plants grown in sandy loam allocated relatively more biomass to root (11–17% versus 7–8% of total biomass), and relatively less to leaf (76–82% versus 86–87% of total biomass). Plastic variations in root area were induced by sediment type alone (P < 0.05), whereas the impacts of sediment type and water‐column nutrients on leaf area were insignificant (P > 0.05). 3. Plant N and P concentrations were significantly affected by both sediment type and water‐column nutrients. Increased nutrient availability in the water column enhanced plant N concentration by 3.5–20.2%, and plant P concentration by 19.1–25.8%. 4. Biomass accumulation and plant nutrient concentration in plants grown in different sediment types and water‐column nutrients indicate that sediment type had more significant impacts on growth and N and P concentrations of V. natans than did water‐column nutrients. Changes in phenotype are a functional response to nutrient availability in sediment, rather than to water‐column nutrients.     

Comparison of the extent of genetic variation of Vallisneria natans and its sympatric congener V. spinulosa in lakes of the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River

Vallisneria natans and Vallisneria spinulosa are two morphologically very similar and sympatrically dominant submerged macrophytes in lakes of the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Genetic variation was compared based on a total of 196 individuals from six V. natans populations and 201 individuals from seven V. spinulosa populations. Using eight ISSR primers, a total of 139 and 129 DNA fragments were generated with 121 being polymorphic in V. natans and 99 in V. spinulosa. The two species maintained higher genetic variation both at the species and population levels in comparison with other aquatic macrophytes. A higher level of genetic diversity among populations was found in V. natans than in V. spinulosa: the percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) in V. natans was 52-62% vs. 38-47% in V. spinulosa; gene diversity (H) was 0.21 in V. natans vs. 0.17 in V. spinulosa.Both an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and F-estimation (F_ST) showed that most of the total genetic variation resided within populations of both species (AMOVA: 85% and 80%; F_ST: 0.132 and 0.202), indicating low genetic differentiation between populations. Principal coordinates analysis (PCA) indicated evident gene flow between populations of both species. The outcrossing reproductive mode and pervasive gene flow might have played important roles in maintaining high genetic diversity and in shaping low population differentiation of the two Vallisneria species, while the extent of clonal growth might account for the different levels of population divergence between them.     

Influence of freshwater macrophytes on the littoral ecosystem structure and function of a young Colorado reservoir

The presence of rooted macrophytes, mostly the milfoil Myriophyllum sibiricum, was manipulated in enclosures in the littoral zone of a Colorado reservoir. The presence of macrophytes significantly increased the abundance of major invertebrate taxa by 70–1725% and increased the emission of methane 127%. The increase in abundance of most invertebrates was probably due to the habitat and surfaces provided by milfoil as stable isotope analyses indicated that milfoil was an insignificant carbon source for all of the invertebrate taxa, except for the milfoil midge Cricotopus myriophylli. Cricotopus is known to specialize on milfoil (other members of the genus specialize on Hydrilla or are generalists), had an isotopic signature that indicated a diet of milfoil, and was about 15 times more abundant when milfoil was present than when it was absent. Milfoil had no detectable effect on the total particulate phosphorus (TPP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP), and Chl a of water within the enclosures. However, enclosures containing milfoil had higher concentrations of SRP in the pore water of surface sediments than enclosures that had milfoil removed. SRP in pore water dropped below 2 μg/L at >2 cm sediment depth and DOP increased progressively from nearly zero at the surface to about 150 μg/L at 15 cm depth, regardless of vegetation. Thus, milfoil had significant effects on many, but not all, measures of littoral ecosystem structure and function that were monitored.     

Phosphorus Fractionation in Core Sediments from Haihe River Mainstream,China

Sediments from Haihe River mainstream, located in Xingjiaquan, Zhangjiazui, Tianjin, were collected and examined on the basis of P fractionation. SMT (standards, measurements and testing) procedure was adopted to investigate the changes in P concentration with depth in the core sediments collected from the different sampling sites of Haihe River mainstream. The relationships among different P fractions, such as exchangeable P (Ex-P), metal oxide bounded P (NaOH-P), organic matter and grain size, were also discussed. The results indicate that in both sites the rank order of P fractions was HCl-P > Organic P (OP) > NaOH-P > Ex-P in terms of their concentration. The Ex-P represented < 4% of the sediment total P, while the NaOH-P ranged 5–21%. The calcium bound phosphorus (HCl-P) showed considerable contribution (53–80%) to the sediment total P loads. Silt/clay sized sediments exhibited significantly higher concentrations of HCl-P and Ex-P in both sites. However, coarse-sand-sized sediments exhibited significantly higher concentrations of OP in both sites and NaOH-P in Xingjiaquan. Multivariate statistics were performed to identify the factors that influenced the sediment P.     

Sediment type and the clonal size greatly affect the asexual reproduction,productivity, and nutrient absorption of Vallisneria natans

Most aquatic vegetation restorations involve the transplantation of submerged macrophytes. Sediment type and the clonal size are of great significance as they determine the fate of submerged macrophytes. In order to ensure successful restoration, a simulation experiment was conducted using aquarium mesocosms to investigate the response of stolon propagation capacity, the morphological features and productivity of Vallisneria natans for four types of sediment (lake mud [L], lake mud + sand [L + S, 50:50, v/v mixture], sand [S], clay [C]), and three types of clonal sizes. Results showed that sediment types significantly affected V. natans biomass accumulation, stolon propagation ability, ramet morphological characteristics, and productivity, where the asexual reproduction ability and productivity ranked as L > L + S > S > C in four sediment types. Total biomass, maximum net production, number of ramets, root diameter, number of stolons, and stolon propagation rate were all highest in L. In L and L + S, the plant chlorophyll content was higher than in S and C. The root diameter and the ratio of aboveground/underground biomass in S were the smallest among the four sediments. Moreover, when more V. natans seedlings were linked, more ramets and biomass were produced. The stolon propagation rate was ranked as the stolon with single seedling greater than the stolon with two‐linked seedlings greater than the stolon with three‐linked seedlings in L and L + S. The concentration of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and NO₃^?‐N in water was remarkably reduced in four aquariums. Findings provide a scientific basis for restoring submerged macrophytes in different sediment settings.