p38L12 TAT融合肽对山梨糖醇引起的 ECV304细胞ATF2磷酸化的抑制作用

构建p38 Loop-12(L12)的TAT融合表达载体,纯化原核表达的p38L12融合蛋白并鉴定其在真核细胞内的功能.利用PCR方法分别扩增出p38L12及其“T-X-Y”双磷酸化位点的AF突变体p38L12（AF）片段,克隆入His标记的TAT-EGFP融合蛋白原核表达载体pHTE（pET14b-His-TAT-EGFP）,经酶切、测序鉴定正确后,将重组质粒转化原核表达菌,诱导表达纯化融合蛋白;将融合蛋白加入ECV304细胞后于荧光显微镜下观察并行Western印迹分析,检测融合蛋白的细胞内转导活性;通过检测内源性ATF2磷酸化水平,鉴定高渗刺激下p38L12对内源性p38活性的影响.成功构建了p38L12和p38L12(AF)片段与TAT的融合表达载体,并获得相应的融合蛋白.在ECV304细胞中可见导入的HTE-p38L12和THE-p38L12(AF)融合蛋白具有较高的细胞内转导活性和转导效率,并可竞争性抑制高渗刺激对内源性p38的活化.基于HIV-1 TAT细胞转导系统证实p38L12可竞争性抑制高渗刺激诱导的内源性p38对ATF2的活化,从而发挥对p38激活特异性抑制的功能.     

IQ基序突变对AtIQM1的钙调素结合活性的影响

旨在确定IQ基序中关键氨基酸残基突变对IQM1的Ca M结合活性的影响,利用基因体外定点突变技术将LQ缺失或将L突变成S,并通过酵母双杂交分析突变蛋白iqm1的Ca M结合活性。结果显示,用重组质粒p GADT7-IQM1CDS、p GADT7-IQM1Del113-114、p GADT7-IQM1L113S或p GBKT7-Ca M5分别转化酵母AH109,未出现自激活现象;用p GADT7-IQM1CDS和p GBKT7-Ca M5共转化酵母能在选择性培养基(SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp/X-α-Gal)上形成蓝色菌落;而用p GADT7-IQM1Del113-114和p GBKT7-Ca M5或p GADT7-IQM1L113S和p GBKT7-Ca M5共转化酵母则不能在选择性培养基(SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp)上形成菌落。结果表明,IQ基序中LQ或者L是IQM1与Ca M5结合的关键氨基酸残基。     

与猪流行性腹泻病毒M蛋白互作的宿主蛋白的鉴定

【背景】猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)膜蛋白(M)在病毒粒子的组装、膜融合和病毒复制等方面具有重要的作用,但M蛋白与宿主细胞的互作机制尚不清楚。【目的】利用免疫沉淀技术和液质联用技术筛选细胞内与PEDVM蛋白相互作用的蛋白,为揭示M蛋白在病毒增殖过程中发挥的功能提供研究基础。【方法】将MOI=0.1的PEDV DR13疫苗株接种于长成单层的Vero细胞,感染36 h后,收集细胞并进行裂解。利用抗M的单克隆抗体沉淀与M相互作用蛋白复合物,通过液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)进行鉴定并利用细胞功能富集分析(Gene ontology,GO)对感染组鉴定到的细胞蛋白进行分析,确定两个细胞内源性蛋白为候选蛋白,进行免疫共沉淀(Co-IP)验证和共定位分析。【结果】基于鉴定蛋白的肽段数的方法分析显示,感染组与对照组相比,鉴定了218个与M蛋白相互作用的细胞内源性蛋白,分别与蛋白质合成、代谢、细胞信号通路转导等密切相关,选择细胞分裂周期蛋白42 (Cell division cycle 42,CDC42)、真核翻译起始因子3亚基L蛋白(eIF3L)为候选蛋白进行Co-IP(Co-immunoprecipitation)验证和共定位分析,结果证实CDC42、eIF3L蛋白分别与M蛋白在细胞内存在相互作用。【结论】鉴定出PEDV M蛋白能够与宿主细胞CDC42和eIF3L蛋白相互作用,并鉴定出其他可能与M蛋白发生相互作用的宿主蛋白60个,为开展PEDV与宿主细胞蛋白相互作用研究提供了重要理论依据。     

海州香薷(Elsholtzia haichowensis Sun)细胞壁转化酶基因启动子(EhcwINVP)的克隆及活性分析

以海州香薷基因组DNA为模板,通过hiTAIL-PCR和walking技术扩增得到其细胞壁转化酶基因启动子(Ehcw INVP)片段,长度为1727 bp。生物信息学分析结果表明,该启动子片段中含有多个对脱落酸、赤霉素、细胞分裂素等激素以及对干旱、低温、重金属铜等逆境胁迫响应相关的顺式作用元件。将通过克隆得到的Ehcw INVP序列替换p CAMBIA1301载体上驱动GUS报告基因表达的Ca MV35S启动子序列,构建Ehcw INVP融合GUS的植物表达载体Ehcw INVP::GUS。转基因拟南芥植株的组织化学分析结果表明,海州香薷细胞壁转化酶基因启动子序列具有驱动GUS基因表达的功能,且在10μmol/L铜胁迫下,转基因拟南芥植株叶和根中的GUS活性分别约是对照组的1.7倍和1.5倍。     

表达3-甾酮-△1-脱氢酶降解植物甾醇合成雄甾-1,4-二烯-3,17-二酮

构建分枝杆菌表达载体pMTac并在分枝杆菌Mycobacterium neoaurum JC-12中加强表达甾醇降解过程中的关键酶3-甾酮-△1-脱氢酶(KSDD)以提高雄甾-1,4-二烯-3,17-二铜(ADD)的产量。将p MF41的启动子pACE替换成tac启动子构建载体pMTac,在分枝杆菌中分别表达报告基因绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)和关键酶KSDD,通过GFP亮度和KSDD酶活验证tac启动子在M.neoaurum JC-12中的效果,并发酵验证加强表达KSDD对产物ADD的影响。荧光显微照片表明两个载体均能在M.neoaurum JC-12表达GFP,但tac启动子的效果比pACE强。酶活测定结果为重组菌M.neoaurum JC-12/pMTac-ksdd破碎细胞上清液中KSDD酶活比原始菌提高了6.53倍,比M.neoaurum JC-12/pMF41-ksdd提高了4.36倍。摇瓶发酵显示重组菌M.neoaurum JC-12/pMTac-ksdd ADD的产量比原始菌提高了22.2%,由4.86 g/L提高到5.94 g/L,而AD的产量由0.92 g/L减少到0.17 g/L,降低了81.5%;与M.neoaurum JC-12/p MF41-ksdd比,ADD产量提高了12.7%,AD降低了71.2%。以20 g/L植物甾醇为底物,5 L发酵罐中重组菌M.neoaurum JC-12/pMTac-ksdd的ADD产量达到10.28 g/L。结果表明,构建的新型表达载体pMTac适用于在M.neoaurum JC-12中加强表达关键酶KSDD,而且在M.neoaurum JC-12中过量表达KSDD有助于ADD产量的提高,为目前报道的发酵法利用新金色分枝杆菌降解植物甾醇合成ADD的最高水平。     

半边旗二萜类成分PAG通过ROS诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的作用研究

探讨半边旗二萜类成分Pteisolic acid G(PAG)对人肝癌细胞HepG2增殖和凋亡的影响及作用机制。用不同浓度的PAG处理HepG2细胞后,采用MTT法检测细胞存活率;采用PI单染法检测细胞周期分布;采用Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡率;采用RT-PCR和Western Blotting检测细胞内mRNA和蛋白表达情况;采用DCFH-DA法检测细胞内ROS水平,采用ROS抑制剂乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)评价PAG细胞增殖抑制作用对ROS的依赖性。结果表明,在24 h、48 h和72 h时,PAG可剂量依赖性地抑制HepG2细胞的增殖(p0.05),IC_(50)分别为64.8μmol/L,38.5μmol/L和24.8μmol/L;用药24 h时PAG可剂量依赖性地使HepG2细胞阻滞在G_2/M期,同时增加HepG2细胞凋亡率(p0.05);PAG可剂量依赖性地降低HepG2细胞内Bcl-2 mRNA和caspase 3、PARP、Bcl-2蛋白的表达(p0.05),增加Bax mRNA和actived-caspase 3、cleaved-PARP、Bax蛋白的表达(p0.05)。当使用1 mmol/L的ROS抑制剂NAC预处理HepG2细胞时,PAG对HepG2细胞增殖抑制作用被显著阻断。上述结果表明,半边旗二萜类成分PAG可提高Bax/Bcl-2的基因和蛋白表达比值,从而诱导肝癌细胞HepG2凋亡,该作用可能是通过升高细胞内ROS水平来实现的。     

甲胎蛋白对HeLa细胞增殖的促进作用

为探讨甲胎蛋白 (alpha fetoprotein ,AFP)对肿瘤细胞增殖的促进作用。用从人脐带血中提取的AFP作用于体外培养的HeLa细胞 ,通过MTT计数、[3 H] TdR参入法、流式细胞仪等研究细胞增殖 ,并用放射免疫法测定细胞内cAMP、共聚焦显微镜扫描细胞内Ca2 浓度等观察细胞内第二信使物质的改变及测定3 2 P转移反映细胞内蛋白激酶A(PKA)活性 ;用Western印迹分析法分析突变型 p5 3、p2 1ras蛋白表达。结果显示AFP(浓度大于 10mg/L)对HeLa细胞增殖有明显的促进作用。在AFP(2 0mg/L)作用下 ,HeLa细胞cAMP浓度升高 30 0 % ;Ca2 浓度最大升高 15 4 .9%、PKA活性最大升高 10 0 %。突变型 p5 3和 p2 1ras分别增高 81.1% (2 4h)和 96 .2 % (2 4h)。抗甲胎蛋白单克隆抗体能有效地阻断AFP促HeLa细胞增殖作用。以上表明 ,(1)AFP具促HeLa细胞增殖的生理功能 ;(2 )AFP促进HeLa细胞增殖的作用是通过影响细胞内cAMP和Ca2 浓度以及PKA活性进而促进一些原癌基因的表达来实现的。     

GFP-mTn融合蛋白对蓝猪耳生活细胞微丝骨架的标记

用农杆菌介导法将嵌合基因GFP-mTn(mTn是微丝结合蛋白Talin的微丝结合域,可以显示活体细胞中微丝的结构)导入蓝猪耳.经激光共聚焦显微镜观察了转基因植株的各种不同组织中融合蛋白的表达和分布情况.在叶片的表皮细胞、保卫细胞、根部的皮层细胞中有融合蛋白的不同程度表达.但仅在保卫细胞中微丝标记状况良好,显示基因表达的组织特异性.经光诱导处于开放态的气孔的保卫细胞微丝呈网状结构,在细胞内无规则分布;经黑暗诱导处于关闭态的气孔保卫细胞中微丝束沿保卫细胞纵轴排列,呈卷曲状分布,并观察到螺旋和环状的微丝结构.在转基因植株的其他部位,例如茎表皮细胞、根毛细胞和花粉粒中,未检测到目的基因的表达.本研究获得的转基因植株为研究气孔运动过程中微丝动态变化提供了有用的材料.     

(R)-、(S)-羰基还原酶在酿酒酵母中的表达和亚细胞定位

【目的】将增强型荧光蛋白标记的(R)-和(S)-羰基还原酶于酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A)细胞中表达,分析荧光蛋白表达谱,确定两种酶在细胞中的功能分布和亚细胞定位。【方法】采用SOE-PCR法克隆出增强型荧光蛋白与(R)-和(S)-羰基还原酶的融合基因,构建到真核表达载体pYX212中,电击转化酵母细胞,以荧光蛋白为筛选标志,观察两种酶在酵母细胞中的表达和分布。【结果】激光扫描共聚焦显微观察表明(R)-和(S)-羰基还原酶多定位于细胞内膜和细胞质中稳定表达,少数成点状分布于细胞中央。根据荧光强度可知(S)-羰基还原酶的表达水平明显高于(R)-羰基还原酶。生物转化结果显示融合型(R)-和(S)-羰基还原酶催化底物2-羟基苯乙酮,分别获得(R)-和(S)-苯基乙二醇,前者产物的光学纯度和产率为86.6%和70.4%,后者产物的光学纯度和产率分别为92.3%和81.8%。【讨论】荧光蛋白与酶的融合没有改变靶蛋白的分子构象与生物活性,酿酒酵母工程菌较重组大肠杆菌具有更明显的生物功能优势,该研究为羰基还原酶蛋白的功能表达调控与亚细胞定位的可视化研究奠定了坚实的基础。     

层粘连蛋白对晚G1期人胃癌BGC-823细胞生长的促进作用

为研究层粘连蛋白（laminin,LN）促进肿瘤细胞生长作用,采用脉冲标记计数有丝分裂百分率(percentage labeling mitosis,PLM)法测得体外培养人胃癌 (BGC 823) 细胞周期时间为41 h,其中G1期时间为24.5 h. 分裂细胞脱离法获取分裂期细胞,继续培养23 h,在细胞运行进入G1晚期时,将其置于LN 0、0.11、0.55、1.10 μmol/L基质上孵育4 h; 细胞荧光光度计检测晚G1期细胞内Ca2+浓度、钙调蛋白、DNA含量. 结果显示,LN与其膜上受体结合后引起细胞内Ca2+浓度、钙调蛋白、DNA含量增加,尤以在0.55 μmol/L LN作用显著（P<0. 001）.蛋白质免疫印迹分析证明,cPKC α呈现表达,提示 LN与其受体结合可增强其细胞cPKC-α的活性;分析G1期细胞周期蛋白E(cyclinE)、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶CDK2表达水平,呈现逐渐增强的趋势; LN可诱导c-Myc蛋白呈现高表达,提示 LN与其受体结合增强与细胞增殖密切相关的基因表达;在LN作用前后的BGC 823细胞均未检测到Bax蛋白表达.结果提示,在人胃癌 (BGC 823)细胞G1/S期交界处,层粘连蛋白与其膜上受体结合引起细胞内Ca2+浓度升高,诱导钙调蛋白的释放,其含量增加,增强蛋白激酶C的活化,导致细胞内DNA含量增加、G1/S期细胞周期蛋白与CDK表达增强、诱导原癌基因c-Myc呈持续表达状态,而凋亡基因Bax不表达.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.