四棱草属比较形态及其分类系统位置的研究：Ⅴ四棱草属及其近…

通过对我国特有植物四棱草属Ｓｃｈｎａｂｅｌｉａ及其缘属茎和叶柄的解剖研究,发现四棱草属的二种植物四棱草Ｓ．ｏｌｉｇｏｐｈｙｌｌａ．四齿棱草Ｓ．ｔｅｔｏｃｌｏｎｔａ和莸属的单花Ｃ．ｎｅｐｅｔａｅｆｏｌｉａ的节的类型均为单叶隙、单叶、迹,且叶迹在皮层中从左右两则各产生一细小的分支;而筋骨草属的紫背金盘Ａ．ｎｉｐｐｏｎｅｓｉｓ和香料科属（Ｔｅｕｃｒｉｕｍ）的血见愁（Ｔ．ｖｉｓｃｉｄｕｍ）的节的类型为单叶     

四棱草属比较形态及其分类系统位置的研究：Ⅳ.四棱草属及其近…

四棱草属及其近缘属筋骨草属Ａｊｕｇａ,香科科属Ｔｅｕｃｒｉｕｍ（唇形科Ｌａｂｉａｔａｅ）,莸属Ｃａｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ,大青属Ｃｌｅｒｏｄｅｎｄｒｕｍ（马鞭草科Ｖｅｒｂｅｒｎａｃｅａｅ）５属,６种代表植物的叶表皮细胞形状、气孔类型和毛状体类型的比较研究结果是：（１）叶上表皮细胞形养 深小纹状不规则形,浅波纹状不规则形和浅波纹状四边形;（２）气孔类型是不规则型,平列型,横列型和等位模列型。（３）毛状体     

四棱草属比较形态及其分类系统位置的研究：II.四棱草属及其近…

采用“外类群对比准则”的性状分析方法,对我国特有植物四棱草属Ｓｏｈｎａｂｅｌｉａ及其近缘属筋骨草属Ａｊｕｇａ,香科科属Ｔｅｕｃｒｉｕｍ（唇形科Ｌａｂｉａｔａｅ）和莸属Ｃａｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ,大青属Ｃｌｅｒｏｄｅｎｄｒｕｎ（马鞭草科Ｖｅｒｂｅｎａｃｅａｅ）等５属６种主要植物叶进行比较研究,结果表明;叶形卵圆形或椭圆形;叶缘均具齿,叶脉同为羽状脉;三级脉为分枝型和贯串型;边缘末级脉均为不完全型：齿型为     

四棱草属比较形态及其分类系统位置的研究──Ⅳ．四棱草属及其近缘属叶表皮结构特征

四棱草属Ｓｃｈｎａｂｅｌｉａ及其近缘属筋骨草属Ａｊｕｇａ,香科科属Ｔｅｕｃｒｉｕｍ（唇形科Ｌａｂｉａｔａｅ）,获属Ｃａｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ,大青属Ｃｌｅｒｏｄｅｎｄｒｕｍ（马鞭草科Ｖｅｒｂｅｒｎａｃｅａｅ）５属,６种代表植物的叶表皮细胞形状、气孔类型和毛状体类型的比较研究结果是：（１）叶上表皮细胞形状是深波纹状不规则形,浅波纹状不规则形和浅波纹状四边形;（２）气孔类型是不规则型,平列型,横列型和等位横列型。（３）毛状体类型属单毛和鳞片毛二种类型。根据上述特征及其分布规律,作者认为四棱草属在唇形科与马鞭草科系统演化的框架里,是处于中间过渡类型的位置。     

四棱草属比较形态及其分类系统位置的研究Ⅰ．四棱草属及近缘属叶片毛状体微形态

采用“外类群对比准则”（ＯｕｔｇｒｏｕｐＣｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎＣｒｉｔｅｒｉａ,Ｃａｒｃａｒｆｔ１９８３）的性状分析方法,对我国特有植物四棱草属Ｓｏｈｎａｂｅｌｉａ及其近缘属筋骨草属Ａｊｕｇａ,香科科属Ｔｅｕｃｒｉｕｍ（唇形科）和莸属Ｃａｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉａ大青属Ｃｌｅｒｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ（马鞭草科）等５属６种主要植物比较研究,首次发现在这些植物叶片上,具有一种新的毛状体,其形状呈箭形,故定名为箭形毛（Ａｒｒｏｗ—ｓｈａｐｅｄ—ｈａｉｒ）,在扫描电子显微镜下观察是由头部、柄部和基部组成,在光学显微镜下,确认这类毛状体属于多细胞单列毛,由细胞变形而成形。此外,尚有长柔毛（Ｓｈａｇ－ｈａｉｒ）,盾状毛（Ｐｅｌｔａｔｅ—ｈａｉｒ）和鳞片毛（Ｓｃａｌｅｓ—ｈａｉｒ）等四种类型。从以上毛状体的微形态特征及其演化规律,作者认为四棱草属和近缘属在唇形科与马鞭草科系统演化框架里,可能是处于中间过渡类型。     

四棱草属比较形态及其分类系统位置的研究：Ⅰ.四棱草属及近缘…

采用“外类群对准则”（ＯｕｔｇｒｏｕｐＣｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎＣｒｉｔｅｒｉａＣａｒｃａｒｆｔ１９８３）的性状分析方法,对我国特有植物四棱草属Ｓｏｈｎａｂｅｌｉａ及其近缘属缘筋骨草属Ａｊｕｇａ,香料科属Ｔｅｕｃｒｉｕｍ（唇形科）和莸属Ｃａｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉａ大青属Ｃｌｅｒｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ（马鞭草科）等５属６种主要植物比较研究,首次发现在这些植物叶片上,具有一种的毛状体,其形状呈箭形,故定名为箭形毛（Ａｒｒ     

四棱草属比较形态及其分类系统位置的研究Ⅱ．四棱草属及其近缘属叶片宏观结构

采用“外类群对比准则（ＯｕｔｇｒｏｕｐＣｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎＣｒｉｔｅｒｉａ,Ｃｒａｃｒａｆｔ,１９８３）”的性状分析方法,对我国特有植物四棱草属Ｓｏｈｎａｂｅｌｉａ及其近缘属筋骨草属Ａｊｕｇａ,香科科属Ｔｅｕｃｒｉｕｍ（唇形科Ｌａｂｉａｔａｅ）和获属Ｃａｒｙｏｐｌｅｒｉｓ,大青属Ｃｌｅｒｏｄｅｎｄｒｕｎ（马鞭草科Ｖｅｒｂｅｎａｃｅａｅ）等５属６种主要植物叶片进行比较研究,结果表明;叶形卵圆形（Ｏｖａｔｅ一ｓｈａｐｅｄ）或椭圆形（Ｅｌｌｉｐｓｅ一ｓｈａｐｅｄ）;叶缘均具齿,叶脉同为羽状脉（Ｅｕｃａｍｐｔｅｄｒｏｍｏｕｓ）;三级脉为分枝型（Ｒａｍｉｆｉｅｄ）和贯串型（Ｐｅｒｃｕｒｅｎｔｏｉｄ）;边缘未级脉（Ｍａｒｇｉｎａｌｕｌｔｉｍａｔｅｖｅｎａｔｉｏｎ）均为不完全型（Ｉｎｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｏｉｄ）：齿型（Ｔｏｏｔｈ－ｔｙｐｅ）为金粟兰型齿（Ｃｈｌｏ－ｒａｎｔｈｏｉｄ）;费特吉型齿（Ｆｏｔｈｅｒｇｉｌｌｏｉｄ）;和非费特吉型齿（ＮｏｎｔｙｐｉｃａｌＦｏｔｈｅｒｇｉｌｌｏｉｄ）;网隙（Ａｒｅｏｌｅ）属不完全型（Ｉｎｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅ）或不完善型（Ｉｍｐｅｒｆｅｃｔ）;齿腺体（Ｇｌａｎｄｕｌａｒ一Ｂｏｄｙ）宿存或脱落等     

四棱草和四齿四棱草开花生物学特性观察

四棱草(Schnabelia Oligophylla)和四齿四棱草(S.tetrodonta)均为四川民间常用的草药,群众通称为四棱筋骨草。全草有驱风除湿,行血活络的功能,用于治风湿筋骨痛,四肢麻木,跌打肿痛等症。陈介在他的《四棱草属(Schnabelia)系统位置问题的探讨》一文中,提出该属尚待澄清的问题,即:1.二型花是同在一个体上,还是在不同的个体上产生的问题,目前还是不十分清楚的。……2.从四齿四棱     

四棱草中的一个新环八肽

从四棱草（Schnabalia oligophylla Hand.-Mazz.）全草的甲醇提取物中分离得到一个新的环八肽,命名为四棱草环肽（1）。用波谱方法鉴定了1的结构,并以通过HPLC手性柱分析指定了除脯氨酸和甘氮酸外的氨基酸的绝对构型。活性实验显示,四棱草环肽（1）对T／B淋巴细胞有免疫抑制作用,另外,从该植物中还分离鉴定了7个已知化合物。     

3属4种罂粟科植物幼苗初生维管系统的结构

罂粟科属间演化关系一直存在争议。本文以罂粟科罂粟属的虞美人（Papaver rhoeas）和东方罂粟（Papaver orientale）、白屈菜属的白屈菜（Chelidonium majus）以及紫堇属的地丁草（Corydalis bungeana）为材料,应用整体透明和石蜡连续切片的方法,在明场显微镜和偏光显微镜下对其幼苗期的结构及发育进行了观察。结果表明,3属植物幼苗子叶节区下部存在的单中柱类型各异：罂粟属为外始式二原型圆形单中柱,白屈菜属为外始式二原型近圆形单中柱,紫堇属为外始式二原型“S”形单中柱。3属植物的子叶脉序也存在区别：虞美人和东方罂粟具单一叶脉,无叶隙;白屈菜为环结曲行羽状脉;地丁草为基出完全顶聚脉。根据上述幼苗初生维管系统的结构,认为3属中罂粟属较为原始,白屈菜属较为进化,紫堇属更为进化。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various