内蒙古锡林河流域植物功能群组成及其水分利用效率的变化--依水分生态类群划分

依照植物水分生态类群,将锡林河流域主要植物种划分为6个植物功能群:呈生植物、中旱生植物、旱中生植物、中生植物、湿中生植物和湿生植物.沿土壤水分梯度,我们调查了8个植物群落的功能群组成及其δ13C值.结果表明:1)在水分状况不同的8个群落中,植物功能群的组成有很大差异.在较湿润生境中(沼泽化草甸和盐化草甸),湿中生和湿生植物成为优势种并构成地上生物量的主要部分;在干旱生境中(草甸草原、典型草原和退化草原),旱生和中旱生植物占绝对优势并构成群落生物量的90%以上;2)不同功能群δ13C值表现为:旱生植物(26.38‰)=中旱生植物(26.51‰)＞旱中生植物(-27.02‰)＞中生植物(-27.56‰)=湿中生和湿生植物(-27.80‰),表明随着不同水分生态类群所适应生境从干旱到湿润逐渐转变,植物的水分利用效率显著降低;3)在土壤水分状况不同的生境下,旱生植物始终维持相对较高的δ13C值和水分利用效率;而中旱生植物的δ13C值表现出较大的变化幅度,表明其对土壤水分的改变更敏感;4)旱生植物叶片脯氨酸含量最高;旱中生、中旱生和中生植物次之;湿中生和湿生植物脯氨酸含量最低.不同水分生态类群脯氨酸含量与其δ13C值和地上生物量呈显著正相关关系.     

贝壳珍珠层不同取向弹性模量的研究

研究天然生物材料的组织结构特征与其性能之间的关系对于材料的仿生有重要意义．在自制的激光测试设备上用三点弯曲法对贝壳珍珠层不同取向的弹性模量进行了研究,报道了不同取向和加载方式条件下弹性模量的变化规律。结果表明,在平行和倾斜于生长纹路方向上弹性模量的平均值分别为60．3GPa和56．7GPa,而垂直于纹路方向的为48GPa,呈现出各向异性。弹性模量的各向异性主要来自于珍珠层微观组织结构和贝壳生长纹结构的特点．     

蜡质标本制作与保存对沉水植物稳定同位素的影响

实验通过模拟传统方法制作和保存蜡质标本, 旨在探究制作和保存的不同阶段对3种沉水植物碳、氮稳定同位素值的影响。结果表明, 制作和保存标本的过程均会对沉水植物的碳、氮稳定同位素值产生影响。植物标本压制的过程显著降低了沉水植物平均碳稳定同位素值, 其中马来眼子菜下降了1.78‰, 穗花狐尾藻下降了0.98‰, 金鱼藻下降了0.72‰。在压制过程中氮稳定同位素值只有金鱼藻显著下降了1.1‰。沉水植物标本制作的浸泡过程使穗花狐尾藻和马来眼子菜的碳稳定同位素值分别出现了1.00‰和0.52‰的上升, 金鱼藻的碳稳定同位素值增长小于0.08‰, 氮稳定同位素值没有显著变化。沉水植物对标本制作和保存的过程响应存在种间差异。在制作和保存过程中对植物碳稳定同位素产生的影响大于氮稳定同位素值。因此建议, 如果所研究对象的稳定同位素生态学差异小于3‰, 蜡质标本的样品需要进行实验校准, 不然会对结果产生影响。     

基于新型低弹β钛合金的植入物-骨界面成骨效应研究

为了进一步分析基于新型低弹β钛合金的植入物-骨界面成骨效应研究,进而探究两种不同骨植入物的弹性模量(弹性模量为110 GPa的Ti-6Al-4V与弹性模量为30 GPa的Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn)的钛合金界面应力分布情况及对骨形成的影响。选用30只成年的新西兰大白兔,基于Slaets E方法植入不同种弹性模量的钛合金于白兔双侧胫骨内侧近端,右侧为弹性模量110 GPa的Ti-6Al-4V的高弹组,左侧为弹性模量30 GPa的Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn的低弹组,术后在4、8、12周分别处死9只实验动物,并分别应用组织学、X线、Micro-CT及生物力学对标本测试结果进行评估。组织学监测指标为:骨形成率(BFR)、骨接触率(BCR),兴趣区为植入物横断面上的半径为0.5 mm的环状区域。Micro-CT检测标准为BVF,BMD,SMI,兴趣区是以植入物为中心的半径为1 mm的管状区域。Micro-CT:在4周时,两组的BVF,BMD,SMI,AS无明显差异(p0.05),在8、12周时高弹组BVF,BMD,SMI,AS均显著低于低弹组(p0.05)。组织学:在4、8、12周,组织学切片研究表明高弹组的BCR显著弱于低弹组,p0.05。在8周、12周时低弹组的BFR相较于高弹组略高(p0.05),在4周时两组的BFR均没有明显差异(p0.05)。生物力学检测结果:在8、12周时低弹组Fmax显著比高弹组高(p0.05),在4周时低弹组的Fmax相较于高弹组没有明显差异(p0.05)。X线检测:在4、8、12周时X线结果均无显著差异(p0.05)。     

以新型表面活性剂Pa-Brij78为基础的两种载药纳米系统的构建

目的:探究新型表面活性剂分子Pa-Brij78在药物传递方面的应用。方法:利用Brij78合成Pa-Brij78,通过薄膜水化法得到3 m M包载姜黄素的Pa-Brij78胶束水溶液,并通过共沉淀法用磷酸钙将胶束矿化的流程建立磷酸钙胶束复合纳米颗粒药物传递系统;利用Pa-Brij78作为稳定剂,与紫杉醇按不同的紫杉醇/表面活性剂质量比例溶于氯仿后用氮气吹干,真空干燥2-4 h,薄膜物水化30 min后超声20 min的流程建立纳米晶体Pa-PNC。运用粒度仪和扫面电子显微镜对两种纳米系统进行表征。结果:磷酸钙胶束复合纳米颗粒粒径小于200 nm,纳米颗粒外貌都是球形且表面粗糙对姜黄素的载药率达17%,包封率大于90%,构建得到的不同比例的纳米晶体Pa-PNC,其粒径也都小于200 nm,Pa-PNC纳米晶体是棒状的,且Pa-PNC的载药率达50%。结论:本课题组合成的新型表面活性剂分子Pa-Brij78能够构建得到两种药物传递系统,在药物传递系统方面具有一定的应用潜力。     

小麦品种蛋白质品质性状稳定性研究

用陕西省关中小麦品种区域试验所选用的12个小麦品种（品系）在12个试点的数据资料。分析了品种,环境及品种与环境互作（CEI）对籽粒硬度,蛋白质含量,沉淀值及湿面筋含量的影响。结果表明：基因型效应对所有品质参数均有显著影响,基因型与环境互作对沉淀值影响较大,而对籽粒硬度,蛋白质含量与湿面筋含量影响较小,环境效应对湿面筋含量和好粒硬度影响较大,而对蛋白质含量与沉淀值影响较小,蛋白质品质参数的回归系数（b值）表明,基因型对不同环境的反应存在着显著差异。对于籽粒硬度,蛋白质含量与湿面筋含量回归偏差显著的品种很少,这表明线性回归模式占了基因型变异的绝大部分,一些品种的沉淀值显著偏离了回归,上述结果表明,要改善小麦品种的蛋白质品质,也应重视环境对小麦蛋白质品质的影响。     

壳聚糖携载质粒纳米微球体外转染兔关节软骨细胞的实验研究

目的:研究携载质粒的不同分子量的壳聚糖纳米微球的包裹率和保护DNA的能力,镜下观察其大小和形态,观察其对原代兔关节软骨细胞的转染效率。方法:利用酶消化法消化3周龄新西兰大白兔的关节软骨,贴壁培养原代兔关节软骨细胞。购买相对分子量在5K和800K之间的八种壳聚糖,利用表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白的质粒(pEGFP)作报告基因,通过复合凝聚法制备壳聚糖-质粒纳米微球。琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外分光光度计分析不同N/P比值对不同分子量壳聚糖和质粒的结合能力及包封率的影响;纳米粒度仪、透射电子显微镜和环境扫描电子显微镜考察纳米微球的粒径分布和形态;荧光显微镜观察壳聚糖纳米微球介导pEGFP在体外培养的兔关节软骨细胞中的表达情况;流失细胞仪计算具体转染效率。结果:①N/P值为4及4以上时,各分子量的壳聚糖可完全包裹质粒成球;N/P值为2时,分子量为5K、50K、85K仅部分包裹质粒,其余可完全包裹;N/P值为1时,各壳聚糖均与质粒部分包裹;N/P值为0.25时,各壳聚糖均与质粒完全分离。②纳米粒度仪分析得出:N/P值为4时,各分子量的壳聚糖纳米微球的平均粒径均在1微米以下,③透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜均可观察到球形或不规则形的大小不同的微球。荧光显微镜可大致观察到绿色荧光蛋白在软骨细胞内表达的表达情况。④流式细胞仪得出具体转染效率,分子量为170K、250K和800K的壳聚糖纳米微球的转染效率均高于5K、50K和85K的壳聚糖纳米微球,其中800K的壳聚糖纳米微球与脂质体相当(差异有统计学意义,P<0.05)。结论:与脂质体相比,N/P比值为4时,相对分子量为800k的壳聚糖纳米微球可高效转染原代培养的兔软骨细胞,可以作为今后进一步体外、体内实验的首选转染载体。     

人和哺乳类动物皮质骨力学性能的测试研究

五十年代初,欧美一些学者开始较多地研究人类和哺乳类动物皮质骨的力学性能,研究的中心围绕着不同种系哺乳动物初级骨力学性能的差异和人次级哈氏系统对骨力学性能的影响两个方面。通过对骨组织大体结构和微细结构的分析以及利用超声波和γ—射线测量骨的致密度,将骨加工成一定形状放在特定的机器上,测量其抗压强度、抗弯强度、抗拉强度、疲劳强度等。根据组织结构、密度与机械性能的关系,通过数理统计,提出结论并评价各个测量方法的意义。本文拟就人和哺乳类动物皮质骨的力学性能测试方法作一回顾,并对各种测试方法的意义作一粗浅的讨论。     

动态光散射法测定病毒载体基因治疗产品的平均粒径及粒径分布

目的:建立病毒载体基因产品的粒径及分布的测定方法。方法:采用马尔文Zetasizer Nano ZS型纳米粒度仪,以氯化钠注射液作为稀释剂对样品进行适当稀释后,用手动测量方式进行测定。结果:测定的60 nm标准纳米粒子平均粒径为61.24±0.68nm,多分散指数(polydispersity index,PDI)为0.020±0.012 nm。重组人新型P53腺病毒注射液测定6次,平均粒径为122.42±1.80 nm,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.4%;PDI值为0.056±0.014 nm,RSD为25.1%。重组人新型P53腺病毒注射液于37℃存放时,平均粒径和PDI值随时间延长有显著增加。至28天时,平均粒径增加到130.50,PDI值增加到0.265。结论:动态光散射法快速、简便、准确,可用于病毒载体基因治疗产品的粒径及分布的检测。     

锁定钢板固定术后内侧柱支撑能力与肱骨近端骨折患者预后的相关分析

目的:研究锁定钢板固定术后内侧柱的支撑能力与肱骨近端骨折患者预后的相关关系。方法:选取107例肱骨近端骨折患者作为研究对象,根据不同内侧柱支撑重建方式将所有患者分为四组,其中A组患者48例,均接受肱骨近端内侧骨皮质解剖复位以重建内侧柱支持;B组患者20例,均使用1枚支撑螺钉置入肱骨头内下方的软骨下骨,C组患者14例,均使用2枚或2枚以上支撑螺钉置入肱骨头内下方的软骨下骨;D组患者25例,均未进行肱骨近端内侧骨皮质解剖复位亦未使用锁定螺钉固定。比较各组患者术后Constant评分、VAS(visual analogue scale)评分、骨折愈合时间、肱骨头高度丟失值、肱骨头内翻角、并发症发生情况及二次手术率。结果:与无支撑重建组相比,骨皮质解剖复位组、单枚螺钉支撑重建组以及多枚螺钉支撑重建组的VAS评分、骨折愈合时间、肱骨头高度丟失值以及肱骨头内翻角均明显降低,而Constant评分明显升高,其中骨皮质解剖复位组的变化幅度最大多枚螺钉支撑重建组次之,单枚螺钉支撑重建组变化幅度最小,差异具有统计学意义(t=23.100,22.130,7.267,68.440,47.900,均P0.001);与无支撑重建组相比,骨皮质解剖复位组、单枚螺钉支撑重建组以及多枚螺钉支撑重建组的术后总并发症发生率和二次手术率均明显降低,其中骨皮质解剖复位组的降低幅度最大,单枚螺钉支撑重建组次之,多枚螺钉支撑重建组降低幅度最小差异具有统计学意义(X~2=12.938,11.904,P=0.005,0.008)。结论:锁骨钢板固定术后内侧柱的支撑能力与肱骨近端异型解剖钢板患者预后相关,内侧柱支撑能力的越高患者术后骨折愈合、肩关节恢复越佳,而并发症发生率以及二次手术率越低。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.