杨属派间核型比较研究

对杨属五派代表种的核型进行了分析,各代表种核型公式如下:欧洲山杨(白杨派)2n=2x=38=21m(2SAT)+4sm+13st(1SAT);小叶杨(青杨派)2n=2x=38=1M+26m(1SAT)+8sm(1SAT)+1st+2t(1SAT);大叶杨(大叶杨派)2n=2x=38=2M+22m+8sm+6st;胡杨(胡杨派)2n=2x=38=2M+23m+3sm+10st(2SAT);箭杆杨(黑杨派)2n=2x=38=3M+29m(2SAT)+5sm+1st。杨属派间核型差异主要表现在中部与次中部着丝点(M,m)和近端部与端部着丝点(st,t)染色体数目上。白杨派和胡杨派具较多的st、t染色体,核型不对称系数比其它派高。按Stebbins理论白杨派和胡杨派属进化类型。     

救荒野豌豆的核型和带型简报

救荒野豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)是豆科野豌豆属植物,是一种优良的绿肥和饲料。根尖用0.005%秋水仙素预处理2小时,改良苯酚品红压片,供核型分析。分带用去壁低渗法制片,BSG技术处理。结果如下:染色体数2n=12。染色体的相对长度在10.64%—21.13%之间。臂比值在1.55—2.88之间。第1和3对为中部着丝点染色体,第2、4、5和6对为次中部着丝点染色体,第5对具随体。其核型公式为2n=12=4m+8sm(2SAT)。带型分析结果如下:第1对染色体具着丝点带和长、短臂上具末端带,第2对染色体除具着丝点带和长、短臂上末端带外,在长臂上还具中间带,第3对带型与第1对相同,第4、6对染色体长、短臂上都具末端带,第5对具着丝点带、末端带和次缢痕带。其带型公式为2n=12=4CT+2CTI_++4T+2CTN。与朱凤绥等人的报道结果有差异。     

3个彩色马蹄莲引进品种的核型分析

利用普通压片法对3个引进彩色马蹄莲(Zantedeschia hybrid)品种的染色体数与核型进行了分析。结果表明:所试验品种染色体数均为2n=32。染色体形态比较一致,多是由中部(m)以及近中部(sm)着丝粒染色体组成。其中,‘Allure’为2n=2x=32=14m(2SAT)+2sm,‘Cupdio’的核型公式为2n=2x=32=14m+2sm,Odessa的核型公式为2x=32=1M+15m(1SAT)。3个品种核型不对称系数分别为56.72%,56.25%和56.38%,核型分类显示其均为1A型。     

桤木属7种植物的核型分析

利用改良去壁低渗法对分布于欧美地区的桦木科(Betulaceae)桤木属(Alnus Mill.)7种植物进行染色体数目与核型分析。结果显示:所有材料染色体形态比较一致,多为由中部(m)及近中部(sm)着丝点染色体组成。意大利桤木(A.cordata)为六倍体,体细胞染色体数为2n=6x=42,核型公式为2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;绿桤木(A.viridis)为八倍体,体细胞染色体数为2n=8x=56,核型公式为2n=8x=56=46m+10sm(SAT);薄叶桤木(A.tenuifolia)、灰桤木(A.incana)、欧洲桤木(A.glutinosa)、裂叶桤木(A.sinuata)和红桤木(A.rubra)均为四倍体,体细胞染色体数均为2n=4x=28,其核型公式分别为2n=4x=28=16m(1SAT)+12sm、2n=4x=28=22m+6sm、2n=4x=28=24m+4sm、2n=4x=28=24m+4sm、2n=4x=28=26m+2sm。其中红桤木(A.rubra)的核型属于1B型,其余均为2B型。     

崇明水仙根尖体细胞染色体的观察和核型分析

以崇明水仙(Narcissus tazetta L.var.chinensis Roem.)根尖体细胞为实验材料,对适宜于崇明水仙细胞学研究的前处理液和前处理时间进行了筛选,在此基础上,应用根尖压片法对重瓣花型和单瓣花型崇明水仙体细胞染色体数、核型及倍性进行了比较分析.结果显示:适宜的前处理液是对二氯苯饱和溶液,适宜的前处理时间为12 h.重瓣花型和单瓣花型崇明水仙的染色体核型差异较小,相同点为:不对称二型核型,染色体基数x=10,三倍体,体细胞染色体数2n=3x=30,第7号染色体的短臂具随体,核型均属于"3B"型,臂比大于2的染色体比率为90%.不同点为:重瓣花型的第7号和第8号染色体分别为sm和st型,单瓣花型的第7号和第8号染色体分别为st和sm型;前者的核型不对称系数(76.48%)略小于后者(76.71%);前者的相对长度系数为12L+6M2+12S,后者的相对长度系数为12L+3M1+3M2+12S;前者的最长染色体与最短染色体长度的比值(3.10)略小于后者(3.19).重瓣花型的核型公式为2n=3x=30=15st+15sm(3SAT),单瓣花型的核型公式为2n=3x=30=15st(3SAT)+15sm,崇明水仙根尖体细胞染色体的平均核型公式为2n=3x=30=15st(3SAT)+15sm.根据研究结果初步推测崇明水仙为节段异源三倍体.     

同一生境下多年生黑麦草与节节麦的核型比较

对同一生境下多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenn L.）和节节麦（Aegilops squarrosa L.）的根尖细胞染色体作了分析,并从细胞学角度比较了两者的同源性。结果表明：多年生黑麦草的核型公式为：2n=6x=42=24m＋18sm（2SAT）,属于六倍体的＂2B＂型,在第19号染色体上有一对随体,最长与最短染色体的比为2.13,臂比大于2的染色体占全套染色体的30%,核型不对称系数为60.48%;节节麦的核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m＋4sm（2SAT）,属于二倍体的＂2A＂型,在第4号染色体有一对随体,最长与最短染色体长度比为1.49,臂比大于2的染色体占全套染色体的14%,不对称系数为58.2%,表明同一生境下多年生黑麦草比节节麦更为进化,两者在染色体水平上没有亲缘关系。     

夏石金花茶的核型研究

本文研究了夏石金花茶(Camellia xiashiensis S. Y. Liang et C. Z. Deng, sp. nov. ined)的核型。结果表明:其体细胞染色体数目为2n=30,具12对中部着丝点染色体.5对近中部着丝点染色体,第15对染色体具1对随体。根据Levan等的分类原则。其核型为2n=2x=24m(2SAT)+6sm。属于Stebbins核型的“2A”型。     

不同地域乌拉尔甘草基因组的FISH分析与染色体识别

在核型分析与染色体识别基础上,分别以番茄45S和5S rDNA为探针,对3种不同地域的乌拉尔甘草进行FISH分析.结果表明:内蒙古鄂托克前旗的乌拉尔甘草核型公式为2n=2x=16=6m+10sm (2SAT),新疆阿勒泰地区的乌拉尔甘草核型公式为2n=2x=16=4m+12sm(2SAT),内蒙古喀喇沁旗乌拉尔甘草核型公式为2n=2x=16=4m+12sm(2SAT);其第8染色体均带有随体.3种乌拉尔甘草基因组内均有1对5S rDNA和1对45S rDNA杂交位点.核型分析显示,5S rDNA杂交位点均位于第2染色体的短臂部位,45S rDNA杂交位点均位于第8染色体的次缢痕和随体部位.45S与5S rDNA在3种乌拉尔甘草中期分裂相上的位点数和分布情况高度一致,表明来自3种不同地域的乌拉尔甘草在染色体结构水平上没有较大的分化.     

茼蒿的核型研究(摘要)

茼蒿染色体的数目2n=18,其核型公式2n=18=16m+2sm(SAT),茼蒿第1—6对,8—9对为中部着丝点染色体,第7对为近中着丝点并带有一对随体。     

茼蒿的核型研究(摘要)

茼蒿染色体的数目2n=18,其核型公式2n=18=16m+2sm(SAT),茼蒿第1—6对,8—9对为中部着丝点染色体,第7对为近中着丝点并带有一对随体。     

不同地理区域鲫鱼染色体银染核仁组织者的比较研究

本文对不同地理区域的鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)—滇池高背鲫、低背鲫、方正银鲫(C.auratusgibelio)的核型及核仁组织者NORs进行了比较研究,并对高背鲫来源作些初步探讨,结果如下: 1.低背鲫Carassius auratus (back low type):2n=100,22m+30sm+48t.st,NORs=4,出现于第5—6对亚中着丝粒染色体短臂。 2.滇池高背鲫Carassius auratus(back high type):2n=156,30m+46sm+80t.st,NORs=6,出现于第5—7对亚中着丝粒染色体短臂。 3.方正银鲫C.auratus gibelio:2n=162,32m+52sm+78t.st NORs=4,出现于第5—6对亚中着粒染色体短臂。     

Studies on the Karyotypes and C-Banding Patterns of Chinese Kale (Brassica alboglabra ) and Cabbage ( B. oleraca var.eapitata)

The karyotypes of B. alboglabra and B. oleracea var. capitata were analyzed by an improved technique. The diploids of the two species consist of 4 pairs of metacentric and 5 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes (1 pair of satellites). The karyotype formula is summarized as 2n =18=8m+10sm (2 SAT). But the relative positions of some similar chromosomes are different in the genomes. Four kinds of satellites were observed in B. oleracea var. capitata. C-banding patterns were obtained by BSG C-banding. The C-banding formula is: 2n= 18=CITS pattern = 10C+2CI+ +4CT+ +2CS for B. alboglabra, and 2n= 18=CITS pattern = 8C+2CI +6CT+ + 2CS for B. oleracea var. capitata. The relationship between B. alboglabra and B. oleracea was discussed based on the chromosomal characteristics.     

Report on Karyotypes of Smilacina tatsienensis and Ophiopogon japonicus

In the present paper the karyotypes of Smilacina tatsienensis (Franch.) Wang et Tang and Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker.- Gawl. in Sichuan were analysed. The karyotypes of the two species are reported for the first time. The results are shown as follows. Smilacina tatsienensis (Franch.) Wang et Tang is a dipoiid. Its karyotype formula is 2n=2x=36=16m+10sm+10st(4SAT) (Plate 1: Fig. 1, 3). The karyotype is bimodal with ten large and eight small chromosome pairs and the length ratio of the tenth pair to the eleventh being 1.33. The length ratio of the largest chromosome and the smallest one is 4.33. Ophiopogon japonicus (L.f.) Ker.-Gawl. is a mixoploid, with diploid, triploid and tetraploid cells in a single plant. The karyotype formula of the diploid is 2n=2x=36=18m (4SAT)+18sm(Plate 1: Fig. 2, 4). The species is of a bimodal karyotype with eight large and ten small chromosome pairs and the length ratio to the eighth pair and the ninth being 1.10.There are nine metacentric pairs (two pairs of sat-chromosomes) and nine submetacentric pairs.     

硬枝黄蝉染色体计数与核型分析

以硬枝黄蝉Allamanda neriifolia幼胚为试验材料,对其体细胞染色体进行计数与核型分析。结果表明,硬枝黄蝉幼胚细胞含9对染色体,由中部或近中部着丝粒染色体构成。核型公式为2n=2x=6sm+12m。核型不对称系数为58.95%,核型分类属于2A型。     

臭鼩染色体的研究

本文采用骨髓染色体制片法,对捕自我国浙江萧山市的臭鼩进行了组型、G-带、C-带和核仁组织区银染的观察分析。结果表明,我国臭鼩染色体数目为2n=40,组型为8(m)+2(sm)+10(st)+18(t),性染色体为,(?):X(m或sm),Y(m或sm);♀:XX(m或sm)。G-带较为丰富,每一对染色体都有其特定的带型,较易于辨别与配对。在C-带方前,4对中间着丝粒染色体与5对亚端着丝粒染色体均具有不同程度的着丝粒带,1对亚中着丝粒染色体与9对端着丝粒染色体缺乏C-带物质,性染色体具丰富的远端带及中间带.银染的结果显示,第5、12和13对染色体具银染物质。     

A Chromosomal Study of Eight Species in Allium Sect. Rhiziridium G. Don in China

The present paper reports the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of eight species of Sect. Rhiziridium in Allium (Liaceae). The materials were all collected from their natural populations in east Inner Mongolia, China. The karyotype analysis is made on the basis of Li et al. (1985).The results are as follows (for chromosomes parameters, voucher specimens and localities, see Table 1 and Plate 1--2 the idiograms of the eight species in Fig. 1): (1) Auium leucocephalum Turcz. The somatic chromosome number and karyotype of this species is 2n=16=12m=2sm+2st (2SAT), in Stebbinsl(1971) kayotype classification, which belongs to 2A (Plate 1: 1; Fig. 1: 1). The range of chromosome relative length varies between 8.90--15.55%. Two small satellites are attached to the short arms of the 8th pair of chromosomes. (2) A. strictum Schrader has 2n (4x) =32=16m+4sm+12st, belonging to 2B (Plate 1: 2 & Fig. 1: 2). Satellites were not observed., and the range of chromosome relative length is between 3. 67-11.00%. (3) A. ramosum L. 2n=16=14m+ 2st (2SAT), belonging to 2A (Plate 1: 3 & Fig. 1: 3), Two small satellies are attached to the short arms of the 8th pair of chromosomes. The range of chromosome relative length is between 9.17-16.39%. The chromosome number and karyotype of this species are in accordancewith those reported by Li et al. (1982) with the material from Jinshan, Beijing. (4) A. bidentatum Fisch. ex Prokh. 2n (4x) =32=24m+4sm+4T, belonging to 2B (Plate 1: 4 & Fig. 1: 4). Satellites were not observed. A small median B-chromosome was found in root-tip cells of the population growing in sandy soil, and it is the first discovery (Plate 2: 9). The species has terminal chromosomes, which are seldom seen in Sect. Rhiziridium. The range of chromosome relative length is between 3.32—9.06%. (5) A. tenuissimu L. 2n=16= 10m+4sm+2st(2SAT), belonging to 2B(Plate 1:5 & Fig. 1:5). Two large satellites are attached to the short arms of the 8th pair of chromosome. The range of chromosome relative length is between 8.27--17.56%. (6)A. anisopodium Ledeb. 2n = 16 = l2m +2sm + 2st (2SAT), belonging to 2A (Plate 2:7 & Fig. 1: 7). Two large satellites are attached to the short arms of the 8th pair of chromosomes. In somatic cells of some plants of this species, a small submedian B-chromosome was found (Plate 2: 10, 11). The range of chromosome relative length is between 8.05-17.08 %. (7) A. anisopodium Ledeb. var. zimmermannianum (Gilg) Wang et Tang 2n (4x)=32=24m+4sm+4st( 4SAT), belonging to 2A (Plate 1: 6 & Fig. 1: 6). Four large satellites are attached to the short arms of the 15 and 16th pairs of chromosomes. The range of chromosome relative length is between 4.45--8.35%. This variety is similar to A. anisopodium Ledeb. in morphological characters, and their karyotype formulas are also very similar. The present authors consider that the variety is an allotetraploid derived from A. anisopodium Ledeb. (8) A. condensatum Turcz. 2n=16=14m+2st (2SAT), belonging to 2B (Plate 2:8 & Fig. 1:8). Two. small satellites are attached to the short arms of the 6th pair of chromosomes. In a few individuals of this species median (M) B-chromosome was discovered, and the number is stable (Plate 2: 12). The range of chromosome relative length is between 7.64--17.07%. In short, the chromosome numbers of the species studied in the present work are found to be 2n=16 or 32, and the karyotypes belong to 2A or 2B, highly symmetrical. The karyotypes of Chinese materials of these species are mostly reported for the first time. Threespecies have B-chromosomes.     

芥蓝和结球甘蓝染色体组型及C-带带型的研究

本文用改进的染色体标本制片技术,研究了芥蓝和结球甘蓝的染色体组型和 C-带带型。两种植物的二倍体均由4对中着丝粒、5对亚中着丝粒染色体组成,其中一对为随体染色体。芥蓝和结球甘蓝具有统一的染色体组型公式:2n=18=8m+10sm(2SAT),但两者的某些染色体在编号顺序上有差异。在结球甘蓝中观察,到4种不同形态的随体。用 BSG C-带方法得到 C-带带型,带型公式,芥蓝为2n=18=CITS 型=10C+2CI_++4CT~++2CS;结球甘蓝为2n=18=CITS 型=8c+2CI_++6CT~++2CS。某些带纹具多态性和杂合性。本文从染色体水平上讨论了芥蓝与甘蓝的亲缘关系。     

鹅观草属5种植物的核型研究

本文首次对我国5种鹅观草属Roegneria植物的核型进行了分析。5个种的染色体数目均为2n=4x=28。它们的核型是:高株鹅观草 R.altissima,2n=4x=28=26m+2sm(SAT);假花鳞草 R.anthosachnoides,2n=4x=28=22m+4sm+2sm(SAT);长芒鹅观草 R.dolichathera,2 n=4x=28=20m+6sm+2sm(SAT);林地鹅观草 R.sylva-tica,2n=4x=28=22m+4sm+2sm(SAT);多变鹅观草R.varia,2n=4x=28=20m+6sm+2sm(SAT)。它们的核型均属2A型,每种植物均有一对随体染色体。     

中国五台山多目涡虫(涡虫纲,三肠目)染色体及核型分析

利用空气干燥法对采自山西茶铺和镇海寺的五台山多目涡虫Polycelis wutaishanica Liu,1996的核型进行分析,结果表明:五台山多目涡虫体细胞有42条染色体,为2倍体,核型公式2n=2x=42 =28m 14sm,其中28条为中部着丝粒染色体, 14条为亚中部着丝粒染色体,第1对中部着丝粒染色体明显比其它染色体长。五台山多目涡虫的核型属于2C型。