水稻高脯氨酸愈伤组织变异体盐胁迫下氨基酸和蛋白质组分的变化

游离氨基酸组分分析表明,水稻培养细胞中谷氨酸和丙氨酸含量很高,占氨基酸总量的４０％。高脯氨酸愈伤组织变异体总游离氨基酸含量比原型高４５．５％,其中脯氨酸增加最多,其次是丙氨酸和谷氨酸。当ＮａＣｌ１００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ处理时变异全和原型的总氨基酸都增加,而变异体的增量约为原型增量的３倍。蛋白水解氨基酸组分中变异体和原型各氨基酸的相对含量无大差异。蛋白质双向电泳表明,高脯氨酸变异体的蛋白组分发生变化,明显     

水稻高脯氨酸愈伤组织变异体的选择及其耐盐性

以水稻（ＯｒｙｚａｓａｔｉｖａＬ．）品种双丰１号幼胚愈伤组织为材料,经５０ＣＯγ－射线诱变处理后,用羟基脯氨酸（Ｈｙｐ）作为选择压力,通过多次在含Ｈｙｐ（３．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的选择培养基和无Ｈｙｐ培养基上交替培养,分离出耐Ｈｙｐ的愈伤组织变异体。该变异体以高脯氨酸含量为特征,其脯氨酸含量比原型高２．６倍;在ＮａＣｌ处理时,随着ＮａＣｌ浓度的提高,变异体愈伤组织脯氨酸含量的增加大大高于原型。这种高脯氨酸变异体的耐盐性较原型强,用相对鲜重估计其耐性比对照提高３９％。变异体在盐胁迫下可溶性糖含量比原型多,吸收较多的Ｎａ＋,并维持较高的Ｋ＋含量;但Ｋ＋／Ｎａ＋比与原型无差异。变异体含水量略有下降。这些性状的变化显示了变异体在盐胁迫下渗透调节的加强。     

NaCl、Na_2SO_4和Na_2CO_3胁迫对小麦叶片自由基含量及质膜透性的比较研究

分别用浓度为２５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ和２００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＣｌ、Ｎａ２ＳＯ４和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３的营养液培养小麦４ｄ,较之不含盐的营养液,其自由基含量上升,产生速率增加,叶片质膜透性增加。不同盐的影响也不同,在低浓度时,ＮａＣｌ的影响大于Ｎａ２ＳＯ４,高浓度时,ＮａＣｌ影响小于Ｎａ２ＳＯ４,Ｎａ２ＣＯ３的影响最为显著。实验结果也表现出小麦叶片自由基含量和质膜透性呈现较好的相关性。因此可认为,盐胁迫促使自由基含量增加,自由基通过过氧化作用影响质膜透性,从而影响植物的生长。     

羊草细胞变异系HR20－8的氨基酸组成水平与脯氨酸含成代谢变化的研究

离体培养,筛选获得羊草（Ａｎｅｕｒｏｌｅｐｉｄｉｕｍｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ（Ｔｒｉｎ．）Ｋｉｔａｇ．）抗羟脯氨酸（ＨＹＰ）细胞变异系ＨＲ２０－８,其愈伤组织中游离氨基酸和蛋白质氨基酸含量均发生了较大的变化,与供体对照比较,分别提高２．３５倍和１．４０倍,其中的脯氨酸组分在变异系体内表现异常增加,游离和蛋白质中的脯氨酸组分分别提高６．６倍和３．０倍,对脯氨酸合成途径中的γ－谷氨酸激酶的特性分析表明,变异系ＨＲ２０－８细胞内γ－谷氨酸激酶的活性比供体提高２．５倍。     

NaCl 胁迫下小麦突变体和野生型叶片中一些有机溶质累积和基因表达差异

盐胁迫下突变体和野生型叶片中的脯氨酸累积量均有显著的增加,野生型的增加幅度不及突变体。至９６ ｈ ,两者含量均下降,但突变体的脯氨酸含量仍高于野生型。１００ｍ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＣｌ 胁迫７２ ｈ ,突变体叶片中可溶性糖的含量有显著的增加,增加量随盐浓度增加而降低。至９６ ｈ,各个盐浓度处理的突变体可溶性糖的含量基本恢复到其对照的水平;除１００ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ 盐胁迫处理组外,野生型叶片中可溶性糖含量均大幅度下降。盐胁迫下突变体和野生型叶片细胞可溶性蛋白组分有明显的差异。ｍＲＮＡ 差异显示结果表明,突变体有６ 个差异性的ｃＤＮＡ 片段     

CO2倍增环境生长的小麦幼苗对盐胁迫的生理反应

研究了ＣＯ２倍增／盐胁迫对不同抗盐性冬小麦幼苗有机干重,Ｋ＾＋,Ｎａ＾＋,Ｃａ＾＋＋,Ｍｇ＾＋＋含量,脯氨酸水平及蛋白质变化的效应,表明两种小麦生长在１５０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ下,其有机干重,Ｋ＾＋,Ｃａ＾＋＋,Ｍｇ＾＋＋含量下降,而Ｎａ＾＋明显长高;ＣＯ２倍增可增加小麦有机干重,使一价阳离子Ｋ＾＋,Ｎａ＾＋含量升高,二价阳离子Ｃａ＾＋＋,Ｍｇ＾＋＋呈下降趋势,同时有利于游离脯氨酸的积累,并为植物     

钾抑制盐生植物生长的生理基础研究

盐生植物碱蓬中亚滨藜和补血草幼苗用不同浓度ＫＣｌ和等渗的ＮａＣｌ处理,结果表明,１００－５００和１００－４００ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫＣｌ对它们的有面士重和净光合率产生明显抑制作用,证明Ｋ＾＋可抑制盐生植物生长并与光合速率降低有关。１００－４００ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫＣｌ降低幼苗Ｎａ＾＋而增大Ｋ＾＋含量,对细胞渗透势和渗透调节能力基本不起作用,证明Ｋ＾＋抑制生长与植物体渗透调节物质Ｎａ＾＋不足以及高浓度的Ｋ＾＋对细     

苜蓿悬浮细胞对盐胁迫的瓜和适应

苜蓿悬浮细胞能够适应２２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＣｌ及其以下盐浓度的胁迫,适应细胞中游离脯氨酸、还原糖和Ｎａ＾＋积累增加。４４０ｍｍｏｌ／ＮａＣｌ对细胞生长明显抑制。细胞对盐胁迫的反应和适应中ＰＭ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ和ＴＭ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ起到重要作用,在适应细胞中两者的活力都明显增加。ＰＭ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力的增加可受ＣＨＸ的明显抑制。     

NaCl胁迫下小麦突变体和野生型叶片中一些有机溶质累积和基因 …

盐胁迫下突变体和野生型叶片中的脯氨酸累积量均有显著的增加,野生型的增加幅度不及突变体。至９６ｈ,两者含量均下降,但突变体的脯氨酸一仍高于野生型。１００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＣｌ腔迫７２ｈ,突变体吐片中可溶性糖的人一有显著的增加,增另量随盐浓度增加而降低,至９６ｈ,各个盐浓度处理的突变体可溶性糖的含量基本恢复到其对照的水平;除１００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ协胁迫处理组外,野生型叶片中可溶性糖含量均大幅度下降。盐胁迫     

不同种子预处理方法对提高三树种幼苗耐盐性的效应

刺槐（ＲｏｂｉｎｉａｐｓｅｕｄｏａｃａｃｉａＬｉｎｎ．）、湿地松（ＰｉｎｕｓｅｌｉｏｔｉＥｎｇｅｌｍ．）和侧柏〔Ｐｌａｔｙｃｌａｄｕｓｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ（Ｌ．）Ｆｒａｎｃｏ〕种子经０３％ＣａＣｌ２,２５０μｇ／ｇＨ３ＢＯ３和２５０μｇ／ｇ多效唑（ＭＥＴ）浸种２４ｈ,然后测定幼苗的耐盐性。结果表明,在０．３％ＮａＣｌ胁迫条件下,不同种子预处理方法对种子发芽率、平均苗高、根茎比、简易活力指数（ＳＶＩＳ）以及幼苗中Ｎａ＋与Ｋ＋的累积量、Ｎａ＋／Ｋ＋比及游离脯氨酸含量有较大影响。树种不同,处理效果也存在明显差异。湿地松以０．３％ＣａＣｌ２,侧柏以２５０μｇ／ｇＨ３ＢＯ３浸种处理效果最好,显著提高种子发芽率、平均苗高、根茎比和ＳＶＩＳ,降低幼苗Ｎａ＋吸收量和Ｎａ＋／Ｋ＋比,缓解盐胁迫逆境。３种种子预处理方法均降低刺槐种子发芽率、平均苗长和ＳＶＩＳ,但提高刺槐幼苗游离脯氨酸含量和幼苗根茎比,减少幼苗对Ｎａ＋的吸收,降低Ｎａ＋／Ｋ＋比     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.