低浓度84消毒液对小鼠生殖生理的影响

目的：观察低浓度84消毒液对小鼠生殖生理的影响。方法将72只KM小鼠随机分为3组,即：0.5％84消毒液组（ A组）、2.0％84消毒液组（ B组）和生理盐水组（ C组）,每组24只,雌雄各半,各组每天1次灌胃给予相应药物,连续9周。阴道涂片镜检观察雌性小鼠的动情周期。9周后,观察雄性小鼠的精子畸形率;并用ELISA法测定小鼠血清中性激素的水平;并取睾丸（或卵巢）、心、肝、肺、肾进行组织学观察。结果与C组比较,A和B组小鼠体重差异无显著性（ P ＞0.05）;血清性激素水平差异无显著性（ P ＞0.05）;雌性小鼠动情周期差异无显著性（P ＞0.05）;组织学观察未见异常;与C组比较,A组小鼠精子畸形率差异无显著性（P ＞0.05）,B组小鼠精子畸形率显著增高（ P ＝0.041＜0.05）。结论0.5％84消毒液对小鼠的生殖生理无明显影响,在实际使用中要严格控制消毒液浓度。     

羧甲基壳聚糖锌亚急性毒性研究北大核心CSCD

为评价羧甲基壳聚糖锌的亚急性毒性,30只雌雄各半的昆明种小鼠随机分为实验组1、实验组2和对照组,以两种不同锌离子络合量的羧甲基壳聚糖锌为材料,制取生理盐水浸提液,对实验组1和实验组2小鼠腹腔注射浸提液28 d,测定体重、相关血液生化指标、相关脏器指数,并进行各器官病理学检查。结果表明实验过程中各组小鼠基本生理状况均表现正常,实验结束后实验组1雄性小鼠血清ALP和UA含量均低于对照组,呈显著性差异(P<0.05),实验组2雄性小鼠血清UA含量低于对照组,呈显著性差异(P<0.05),其它血清生化指标与对照组比较无显著性差异。实验组2雌性小鼠肾脏指数高于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05),两实验组小鼠其它脏器指数均正常,与对照组比较无显著性差异。各组雌雄小鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾以及胸腺外观观察与病理切片观察均未见明显病变,表明两种羧甲基壳聚糖锌对小鼠未表现明显的毒副作用。     

羧甲基壳聚糖锌亚急性毒性研究

为评价羧甲基壳聚糖锌的亚急性毒性,30只雌雄各半的昆明种小鼠随机分为实验组1、实验组2和对照组,以两种不同锌离子络合量的羧甲基壳聚糖锌为材料,制取生理盐水浸提液,对实验组1和实验组2小鼠腹腔注射浸提液28 d,测定体重、相关血液生化指标、相关脏器指数,并进行各器官病理学检查。结果表明实验过程中各组小鼠基本生理状况均表现正常,实验结束后实验组1雄性小鼠血清ALP和UA含量均低于对照组,呈显著性差异(P0.05),实验组2雄性小鼠血清UA含量低于对照组,呈显著性差异(P0.05),其它血清生化指标与对照组比较无显著性差异。实验组2雌性小鼠肾脏指数高于对照组,差异显著(P0.05),两实验组小鼠其它脏器指数均正常,与对照组比较无显著性差异。各组雌雄小鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾以及胸腺外观观察与病理切片观察均未见明显病变,表明两种羧甲基壳聚糖锌对小鼠未表现明显的毒副作用。     

寒冷对雌性C57BL/6小鼠动情周期的影响*

目的:研究寒冷对雌性C57BL/6小鼠动情周期的影响。方法:12只雌性小鼠随机分为对照组、低温组,每组6只;低温组每天4℃暴露4 h,每天阴道涂片法观察小鼠动情状况,对照组饲养于常温动物房;每2 d称量体重,2周后心脏取血、子宫和卵巢,检测小鼠血清E2、FSH、LH、Prl、P水平,进行子宫、卵巢的组织病理学检查。结果:与对照组比较,低温组小鼠体重无显著性差异(P＞0.05),小鼠子宫脏器系数明显较低、动情间期明显延长(P＜0.01),血清FSH显著升高、Prl显著降低(P＜0.01),小鼠子宫腺管扩张,卵巢卵泡数量明显减少。结论:寒冷可使雌性C57BL/6小鼠动情周期延长,进而可能影响生殖功能。     

长期低浓度七氟醚吸入对雄性小鼠生殖功能的影响

目的:探讨长期低浓度七氟醚吸入对雄性小鼠生殖功能的影响。方法:雄性C57小鼠20只随机分为吸醚组和对照组,吸醚组给予连续45 d,每天4 h吸入0.2%七氟醚。吸醚第36 d起每只雄性小鼠与4只雌性小鼠合笼交配。合笼结束后,雄性小鼠称重,计算睾丸指数,观察睾丸形态学变化,检测附睾精子活力和血清激素水平,统计子代小鼠数量和性别比例。结果:长期低浓度七氟醚吸入后雄性小鼠体重增长明显减少,精子活力显著降低,血清卵泡刺激素(FSH),促黄体生成素(LH),瘦素(LEP)显著升高,雄激素(T)水平无显著差异。雌性小鼠受孕率、子代数量及性别比例无显著差异。结论:长期低浓度七氟醚吸入对雄性小鼠具有一定的生殖毒性,影响其血清激素水平和精子活力,但受孕率和子代性别比无显著差异。     

TW近交系小鼠的血液生化及毛色基因检测

目的建立野生来源TW（Tianjin wild,TW）近交系小鼠的体重和血液生化正常范围并检测其毛色基因纯合性。方法分别选用F23代TW近交系成年小鼠,进行毛色基因测试,并检测动物的体重及血液生化指标。结果 6周龄前,雌雄TW小鼠体重差异无统计学意义（P〈0.05）;6周龄后雄性TW小鼠体重明显高于同期雌性小鼠体重,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。血生化检测指标中,雌雄小鼠的总蛋白和甘油三酯均值不同,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,其他各项差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,且与文献报道的其他品系结果不一致。毛色基因测试,F1代小鼠的毛色为白腹野生色,其基因型为AWAWBBccDD。结论 TW小鼠毛色基因已达纯合,且在一些指标上与通用实验小鼠品系不同,具有自身特点。     

雄性Fmr1基因敲除小鼠血液生理生化指标及性激素水平的比较研究

目的比较雄性Fmr1基因敲除小鼠和FVB小鼠血液生理生化值和血清性激素水平,探讨Fmr1基因对动物生长发育和生殖生理等方面的影响。方法分别测定血液生理指标、血清生化指标、血清电解质和血清E2、LH、FSH、T和PRL的含量,并进行统计学处理和分析。结果雄性Fmr1基因敲除小鼠与FVB小鼠比较,血液生理指标中MCV和PCT有显著差异（P〈0．05）,而RBC、HCT、HGB、MCH和WBC等无显著差异（P〉0．05）;血清生化指标中除TBIL、[IP^3＋]、[Mg^2＋]（P〈0．05）和AIP、BUN（P〈0．01）外,TPROT、GLB、A／G、BUN、CREAT、[K^＋]、[Na^＋]等项均无显著差异（P〉0．05）。性激素水平E2、LH值差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,FSH、T、PRL差异极显著（P〈0．01）。结论Fmr1基因可影响动物的某些生理生化及激素水平。     

犬卵透明带3DNA疫苗在小鼠模型中的避孕效果评价

为了评价犬卵透明带3(CZP3)DNA疫苗的避孕效果,采用6只雌性小鼠Mus musculus肌肉注射50μg pcDNA3-CZP3质粒后30 V电压刺激6次的方法建立实验组,以6只同等注射pcDNA3质粒的雌性小鼠为阴性对照组;初免后每周采血并用ELISA方法检测小鼠的CZP3抗体水平及第6周抗体滴度;第6周与雄鼠合笼,计算产仔数;第24周收集卵巢制成HE染色切片进行观察;最后用小鼠血清进行小鼠及犬卵透明带的间接免疫荧光实验。结果显示,1)实验组小鼠从初免第2周就产生了抗CZP3的抗体,并且与阴性对照组之间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);第24周实验组的抗体水平与阴性对照组之间的差异有高度统计学意义(P0.01)。2)第6周血清中的抗体1∶4 000倍稀释时,实验组与阴性对照组之间的差异有高度统计学意义(P0.01)。3)小鼠生育率由阴性对照组的100%降低至实验组的50%,平均产仔数由阴性对照组的(6.667±0.422)只降至实验组的(2.500±1.455)只,且实验组的抗体水平与产仔数呈高度负相关。4)卵巢HE染色切片结果显示,CZP3 DNA疫苗避孕的免疫未对小鼠卵巢发育产生影响。5)间接免疫荧光实验显示,实验组小鼠产生的血清可以与小鼠及犬卵子的卵透明带基质结合。综上所述,CZP3 DNA疫苗在小鼠模型中能够显著降低小鼠的生育率及产仔数,但不影响小鼠的卵巢发育。     

D-半乳糖诱导建立的小鼠多囊卵巢综合征模型

目的研究D-半乳糖诱导ICR中年雌性小鼠多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)动物模型的卵巢形态学、性激素以及胰岛素水平变化,并探讨D-半乳糖引致小鼠PCOS的意义。方法以D-半乳糖腹腔注射20周龄ICR雌性小鼠8周,观察卵巢形态的变化,检测血糖值及动情周期排卵情况,并采用ELISA法测定血清胰岛素、雌二醇(E2)、促卵泡生长激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)水平。结果 D-半乳糖处理组小鼠的卵巢重量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),有80%(10/12)的单侧或双侧卵巢呈现多囊性扩张,卵巢闭锁增多及颗粒细胞层数减少,并表现为紊乱的动情周期,提示无排卵;与对照组比较,D-半乳糖组小鼠血清T、E2和空腹血糖水平明显升高(P<0.001),FSH水平下降(P<0.0001),空腹血胰岛素水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01),胰岛素敏感指数显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论使用D-半乳糖诱导小鼠PCOS模型,无论在影响血清性激素还是卵巢局部形态学改变方面都与临床表现相似,并存在胰岛素抵抗现象,符合PCOS的典型特征,可作为动物模型用于科学研究。     

两种自发性2型糖尿病小鼠生物学特性比较

目的分别以C57BL/6JSlac和C57BL/KsJ-db/＋表型正常小鼠为对照组,比较自发性2型糖尿病KK-Ay/Ta和C57BL/KsJ-db/db小鼠的体生长曲线、糖代谢曲线、血清胰岛素水平、主要脏器重量、脏器系数等生物学特性的差异,并探讨其肾脏、肝脏和胰腺等组织病理学变化。方法在各自实验周期内,每2周测定实验组和对照组小鼠的体重、血糖以及血清胰岛素水平,实验结束后处死,脏器、脂肪称重,部分组织制作病理切片。结果 （1）KK小鼠体重远高于db/db小鼠,且同品系间雄性小鼠重于雌性小鼠（P〈0.05）;（2）同品系间雄性小鼠的血糖值明显大于雌性小鼠（P〈0.05）,db/db小鼠出现血糖异常症状比KK小鼠早,且血糖值大于KK小鼠（P〈0.05）,而KK小鼠血糖异常持续时间则较db/db小鼠长;（3）KK小鼠的血清胰岛素水平明显高于db/db小鼠（P〈0.05）,同品系雌雄小鼠间没有明显差异（P〉0.05）;（4）雄性KK小鼠脂肪系数及部分脏器萎缩程度大于雌性,而db/db小鼠雌雄间则无明显差异（P〉0.05）,同时db/db小鼠脾脏和胰腺的萎缩程度及脂肪系数大于KK小鼠（P〈0.05）,而KK小鼠肝脏的萎缩程度则大于db/db小鼠;（5）糖尿病模型小鼠肾脏、肝脏以及胰腺组织均出现明显病变。结论 KK-Ay/Ta和C57BL/KsJ-db/db小鼠均是肥胖的,伴有高血糖、高度胰岛素抵抗,肝脏、肾脏病变和胰岛功能不足的适用性2型糖尿病动物模型,且db/db小鼠血糖出现异常比KK小鼠早、脂肪系数大,而KK小鼠血糖异常持续时间较db/db小鼠长,同时血清胰岛素水平远大于db/db小鼠。     

西藏小型猪发情周期血清性激素和生化指标的变化规律

目的研究西藏小型猪发情周期内不同阶段血清性激素水平和生化指标的动态变化规律及其相关性。方法对6头雌性西藏小型猪在发情周期内的发情当天、第5天、第10天、第15天、再次发情时分别采血5 mL并分离血清,应用放射免疫法测定血清睾酮（T）、孕酮（P4）、雌二醇（E2）、促卵泡生成激素（FSH）、促黄体生成激素（LH）、泌乳素（PRL）;用自动生化仪测定血清钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）、磷（P）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、肌苷（Cre）、总胆固醇（CHO）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（Alb）。结果在发情周期不同阶段,西藏小型猪P4、CHO水平存在差异显著性;E2和Ca、Mg、CHO间,P4和CHO、TP、ALb间,PRL和P间均呈现显著性相关。结论在发情周期的不同阶段西藏小型猪的血清性激素水平和生化指标呈现规律性变化,部分指标间存在相关性。     

Nano-SiO_2对子代雌性小鼠动情周期的影响

目的:探讨纳米二氧化硅(Nano-Si O2)对子代雌性小鼠动情周期的影响。方法:选择8周龄的ICR孕鼠6只,随机平均分为两组,一组在E5.5~E11.5时隔天注射纳米二氧化硅,另外一组注射PBS,每组取子代雌性小鼠各3只,待其自然生长到7周龄时,每日采用巴氏染色法检查其动情周期。结果:与注射PBS的子代雌性小鼠相比,注射Nano-Si O2的子代雌性小鼠的动情周期的总时间无明显差异(P0.05),动情前期的时间明显缩短,动情后期的时间明显延长(P0.05),动情期虽然缩短,但差异不显著(P0.05)。结论:孕期暴露于Nano-Si O2未导致子代雌性小鼠动情周期的紊乱,但对其生殖功能可能有一定的影响。     

Effects of estrous cycle and sex on the expression of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor in discrete hypothalamic and limbic nuclei of transgenic mice

In the present study we used a transgenic mouse model, carrying the neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor gene promoter linked to the LacZ reporter gene (Y1R/LacZ mice) to test the hypothesis of its up-regulation by gonadal hormones. Y1 receptor gene expression was detected by means of histochemical procedures and quantitative image analysis in the paraventricular nucleus, arcuate nucleus, medial preoptic nucleus, ventromedial nucleus and bed nucleus of stria terminalis of two-month-old female mice at different stages of estrous cycle. Qualitative and quantitative analyses showed that Y1R/LacZ transgene expression was higher in the paraventricular, arcuate, and ventromedial nuclei of proestrus mice as compared to mice in the other stages of the estrous cycle. In addition, we performed a comparison with a group of sexually active males. In this comparison a significant difference (less in males) was observed between males and proestrus females in the same nuclei. In conclusion, these data indicate that fluctuations in circulating levels of gonadal hormones, depending by estrous cycle, are paralleled by changes in the expression of NPY Y1 receptor in the hypothalamic nuclei involved in the control of both energy balance and reproduction.     

幼狼血液生理生化及激素参考值

为了了解狼(Canis lupus)幼体的血液生理生化和某些激素正常值及其特点,为相关生物学研究、人工饲养和健康检测提供参考资料,本文采用全自动血球计数仪、全自动生化分析系统和全自动第三代发光免疫仪对8只4月龄幼狼的40项血液生理生化及8项血清激素指标进行了测定.结果表明,雌雄幼狼的血液生理生化指标无显著差异;雄性幼狼的大多数血液理化指标均比雌性幼狼偏高;雌雄幼狼的血清激素水平存在一定的性别专属.     

Potential contribution of prenatal estrogens to the sexual differentiation of mate preferences in mice

The neural mechanisms controlling sexual behavior are sexually differentiated by perinatal actions of gonadal hormones. We recently observed using female mice deficient in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-KO) and which lack the protective actions of AFP against maternal estrogens, that exposure to prenatal estrogens completely defeminized their potential to show lordosis behavior in adulthood. Therefore, we determined here whether mate preferences were also affected in female AFP-KO mice. We observed a robust preference for an estrous female over an intact male in female AFP-KO mice, which were ovariectomized in adulthood and subsequently treated with estradiol and progesterone, whereas similarly treated WT females preferred the intact male over the estrous female. Gonadally intact WT males preferred the estrous female over the male, but only when visual cues were blocked by placing stimulus animals behind opaque partitions. Furthermore, when given the choice between an intact male and a castrated male, WT females preferred the intact male, whereas AFP-KO females showed no preference. Finally when given the choice between an estrous female and an ovariectomized female, WT males preferred the estrous female whereas AFP-KO females preferred the ovariectomized female or showed no preference depending on whether they could see the stimulus animals or not. Taken together, when AFP-KO females are tested under estrous conditions, they do not show any male-directed preferences, indicating a reduced sexual motivation to seek out the male in these females. However, they do not completely resemble males in their mate preferences suggesting that the male-typical pattern of mate preferences is not solely organized by prenatal estrogens.     

Orienting behavior of female white rats in estrus cycle and its dependence on handling

Characteristics of orienting behavior of intact and handled female white rats were studied in the "open field" test. Experimental group of animals were formed according to stages of estrous cycle: (1) diestrus, (2) proestrus, (3) estrus, and (4) metestrus. The stage of the cycle was determined by vaginal smears. Over the period of 10 days rats were handled daily for 5 minutes. No behavioral changes over the course of estrous cycle were found in intact rats. Handling revealed some behavioral features related to the levels of steroid hormones in reproductive cycle. Most prominent changes in orienting behavior were observed at transition from estrous to metestrous. At the stage of estrous motor activity was maximal and grooming was minimal. The maximal contrast in the structure of orienting behavior was observed between estrous and diestrous stages.     

Lithium-stimulated recovery of granulopoiesis after sublethal irradiation is not mediated via increased levels of colony stimulating factor (CSF)

We have previously demonstrated that lithium (Li) is an effective agent in accelerating the recovery of granulopoiesis following sublethal (2 Gy) whole body irradiation. In this report, studies are described that further define this Li-mediated recovery by measuring the levels of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) present in serum from mice administered 105 micrograms/mouse (total dose) of ultra-pure Li2CO3 for 3 days immediately following irradiation. On days 1-28 following the last lithium dose, the serum was tested for its CSF activity against both normal non-adherent derived bone marrow target cells and non-adherent marrow cells from mice administered cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg body weight). Serum was assayed at 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 per cent final concentration. No significant difference in the total number of CFU-GM was observed from normal marrow using either serum from irradiated mice or lithium-treated and irradiated mice, although the irradiation did produce a 300 per cent rise in CFU-GM colonies compared to normal serum (days 4 and 10-15). From regenerating marrow, we observed a significant difference (P less than or equal to 0.01) in CFU-GM cultured with serum at 0.1 per cent concentration from irradiated and lithium-treated mice compared to irradiated mice without lithium. The presence of CSF was confirmed by its reduced activity in the presence of anti-(CSF). These results suggest (Li) may increase the sensitivity of CFU-GM to CSF, thereby producing more CFU-GM ultimately providing more circulating granulocytes.     

野生TW近交系小鼠主要生理指标

目的建立野生来源TW（Tianjin Wild,TW）近交系小鼠的主要生理、血常规等指标。方法分别选用F28和F29代TW近交系成年雄性小鼠25只,雌性小鼠31只,检测动物的主要生理、血常规指标。结果TW小鼠体重雌雄差异无显著性,脏器指标中雌雄性比较仅肾脏重量、肾脏系数差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;血常规检测指标中,雌雄小鼠在WBC、MCV、MCH、PLT、MONO等5项指标的均值比较差异具有显著性,其他各项均无差别。与ICR、KM、NIH及BALB/c等通用实验小鼠指标比较,TW小鼠的脾脏、脾脏系数和血小板均高于或多倍高于这些通用小鼠品系。结论TW小鼠在一些主要生理指标上与通用实验小鼠品系不同,呈现自身特点。