越冬针叶有机自由基产额对低温和光照的反应

以越冬针叶树苗木针叶为材料在黑暗与强光照两种条件下用ESR波谱仪检测有机自由基信号强度对不同温度的反应。结果表明:1.越冬伤害越重,针叶有机自由基产额越高;2.有机自由基产额随温度下降而增加;3.光照对有机自由基产额有明显的增强作用,且此增强作用在0℃表现最明显;4.自由基清除剂维生素C对有机自由基的产生有明显的抑制作用。据此认为红松苗的越冬伤害和有机自由基的高产额有关。在自然界针叶有机自由基的高产额主要和冬季的强日照有关,但低温也有一定作用。     

针叶树越冬针叶光氧化与叶绿体超氧阴离子自由基

以Tiron为自旋探针,检出了越冬针叶叶绿体指示超氧阴离子自由基产生的TH~·ESR信号。此信号可由紫外辐射,也可由光合有效辐射产生。以单位叶绿素量为基数计算的信号强度比已报道的其它植物材料大2～3个数量级。红松叶绿体信号又大于其它针叶树。此信号可被外源SOD,抗坏血酸、乙醇和N_2抑制;随光照增加而增强,12月到次年5月期间又随时间而增强。上述结果表明红松针叶的冬季光氧化伤害与叶绿体中过量超氧阴离子自由基的产生有关。     

超氧物歧化酶（SOD）与柳树分布相关性的研究

在研究红松苗越冬伤害原因时,发现超氧物歧化酶(SOD),在防止针叶越冬伤害中起着重要作用。75%术条遮荫,可安全越冬的红松苗针叶,早春仍保持较强的活性,脂质过氧化产物积累较少。而暴露于全光下,则终于发生不可逆伤害,红松苗针叶SOD活性低而脂质过氧化产物(丙二醛)积累较多。并且暴露在全光下不出现伤害的红松大树针叶,酶活性也高于幼苗。此外,关于SOD对植物在低温、干旱、日灼、臭氧、大气污染(SO_2)等逆境中的抗性作用,也已有不少报道。日本学者曾     

科尔沁沙地樟子松能否发生冬季“生理干旱”伤害

在内蒙古东部半干旱地区分别测定了春、秋两季栽植的樟子松苗越冬期间针叶含水量和蒸腾强度的变化,测定了针叶的致死临界含水量并在室内模拟了生理干旱伤害症状以探讨发生冬季生理干旱伤害的可能性．结果表明秋植苗针叶含水量１月份就已降到初始致死含水量以下而春植苗针叶含水量始终显著高于初始致死含水量并顺利越冬．含水量与蒸腾强度的对比表明甚至在冻土期内,针叶仍有某种水分补充来源．模拟实验中出现的针叶伤害症状和秋植苗野外伤害症状一致．结论认为该地区已正常成活的春季造林苗不大可能发生冬季生理干旱伤害．     

水分条件对红松和西伯利亚红松针叶脯氨酸与叶绿素含量的影响

以盆栽3年生红松和西伯利亚红松为材料,设置4种水分条件,土壤含水量分别为：29％～31％（C）, 22%～24%（L）, 15%～17%（M）和渍水组（W）,研究不同水分条件下红松和西伯利亚红松当年生针叶和往年生针叶的脯氨酸含量和叶绿素含量变化。结果表明：1）脯氨酸含量在不同叶龄和不同树种之间存在差异。红松当年生针叶叶绿素含量高于往年生针叶,而西伯利亚红松则相反。总体上西伯利亚红松的脯氨酸含量高于红松;2）2树种在渍水条件下脯氨酸含量大量积累,红松在处理后一个月即出现胁迫反应,早于西伯利亚红松。土壤含水量在 15%～17%时已对2种红松的往年生针叶产生胁迫,但对红松的胁迫程度大于西伯利亚红松;3）叶绿素积累与2种红松的耐水分胁迫能力相关性不大;4）西伯利亚红松的水分适应范围大于红松;2种红松的当年生针叶的耐水分胁迫能力均大于往年生针叶。     

远紫外辐射诱导紫杉产生的活性氧

为了解活性氧和自由基在介导远紫外辐射对植物伤害上的作用 ,在实验室内用远紫外线源对紫杉 (TaxuscuspidataSieb .etZucc .)苗进行了 4周的辐射处理。每周取样 ,对针叶的有机自由基及离体叶绿体的O-·2 和1O2 分别进行了电子自旋共振 (ESR)检测 ,以了解它们各自的相对重要性。结果表明针叶的有机自由基水平最能说明远紫外辐射剂量的积累效应。其次是叶绿体产生的O-·2 。叶绿体产生的1O2 也随辐照时间的增加而略有增加 ,但由于本底数值过高 ,它在介导远紫外辐射引起的伤害上可能不如O-·2 重要     

酚酸物质对红松种子萌发及苗木生长和生理特性的影响

通过室内模拟试验,阐明阔叶红松林中已测得含量较高的3种酚酸物质（苯甲酸、丁香酸和香草酸）对红松种子萌发及苗木生长的影响,为探索阔叶红松林内化感作用机理及解决红松更新障碍问题提供科学依据。采用培养皿培养法及室内盆栽培养法,以红松种子和3年生红松苗为试验对象,设置不同浓度（2、20、200 mg/L）苯甲酸、丁香酸、香草酸处理液,以蒸馏水为对照（CK）,进行红松种子萌发试验及红松苗木生长试验,研究3种酚酸物质对红松种子发芽、苗木生长、光合色素、抗氧化酶活性、膜脂过氧化作用及渗透调节物质的影响。结果表明,（1）不同浓度3种酚酸均抑制红松种子萌发,但酚酸浓度变化仅对红松种子发芽率影响差异显著。（2）3种酚酸对红松苗木生长及物质积累抑制作用显著。浓度变化对红松苗株高及地径影响不显著,对生物量、根干重和茎干重影响显著。（3）针叶叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量变化对酚酸处理反应一致,20 mg/L的3种酚酸均显著抑制光合色素产生,而200 mg/L丁香酸溶液及2 mg/L香草酸溶液均显著促进叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素积累。（4）酚酸处理使红松苗针叶中POD、CAT活性降低,SOD活性增加。针叶中MDA含量显著增加,200 mg/L丁香酸溶液处理组针叶MDA含量高于CK处理组70.51%。（5）不同浓度苯甲酸溶液促进可溶性糖增加,抑制可溶性蛋白增加;不同浓度丁香酸溶液促进可溶性蛋白增加,而不同浓度香草酸溶液抑制可溶性蛋白增加,二者对可溶性糖含量影响受浓度变化影响显著。苯甲酸、丁香酸、香草酸影响红松种子萌发,通过对红松苗光合色素、抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质的影响导致其生长受抑制、生物量减少,产生膜脂过氧化伤害。因此,解决阔叶红松林内红松更新障碍问题时,凋落物及土壤中酚酸物质的化感作用不容忽视。     

远紫外辐射对紫杉幼苗针叶膜脂过氧化及内源保护系统的影响

实验室条件下用远紫外线(UV-BC)光源照射紫杉幼苗,随照射时间延长,针叶的离子渗出率、膜脂过氧化水平、组织自动氧化速率及H₂O₂含量显著增加,可溶性蛋白、抗坏血酸、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素含量下降,叶绿体光系统II电子传递活性显著下降,外源活性氧清除剂苯甲酸钠和抗坏血酸对针叶膜脂过氧化有抑制作用;甲基紫精和DDC对针叶膜脂过氧化有促进效果,远紫外线引起的紫杉伤害可能和针叶树的越冬光氧化伤害有类似之处.紫杉苗对紫外辐射的抗性远高于一般农作物.     

青藏高原沙棘果汁中可溶性固形物含量的动态变化研究

沙棘果汁中可溶性固形物含量是衡量沙棘果实品质的重要指标之一。本研究报道青藏高原沙棘果实的不同生长期、不同产地、不同类型和不同海拔高度及不同储藏温度下,其果汁中可溶性固形物的含量及其变化规律,为青藏高原沙棘资源的开发利用,为合理选择沙棘原料基地和确定最佳采果期提供科学依据。     

干旱胁迫及复水对红松针叶和树皮绿色组织光合特性及抗氧化系统的影响

以红松为材料,研究了干旱及复水对红松针叶和树皮绿色组织的光合特性和抗氧化酶活性等生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫下,红松针叶和树皮绿色组织叶绿素总量和叶绿素a/b值均有显著下降,这样可以通过降低PSII天线捕获的光能,减少发生光抑制的危险;针叶净光合速率(Pn)下降主要由非气孔因素造成,树皮绿色组织Pn下降主要由气孔因素造成;红松针叶和树皮绿色组织非光化学猝灭(NPQ)均升高,表明热耗散是植株重要光保护机制;红松针叶和树皮绿色组织丙二醛(MDA)含量明显升高,发生了氧化胁迫,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等抗氧化酶活性的提高对红松的干旱胁迫起到了积极的防御作用;复水后,红松针叶和树皮绿色组织Pn恢复到对照水平,叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性也表现出不同程度恢复。以上研究结果表明,干旱胁迫下红松针叶和树皮绿色组织均通过减少光捕获、热耗散和酶活性调节协同作用,稳定光合机构功能,复水后红松光合特性表现较好的恢复能力,红松对干旱具有较强的适应能力。     

红松RAPD实验中各组成成份含量对实验结果的影响

本文采用Ｐｒｏｍｅｇａ的ＰＣＲ反应系统,以从红松幼叶中提取的总ＤＮＡ为模板,进行随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）实验。     

内蒙古大兴安岭栽培红松的研究

内蒙古大兴安岭林区引种栽培红松(Pinus Koraiensis)已有20多年,本文通过对大兴安岭林区70年代以来引种栽培并保存下来的红松人工幼林自然地理特点、气候和立地条件以及生长状况的调查分析,阐述了红松跨分布区引种栽培中的一些基本问题。分析表明,内蒙古大兴安岭林区东南部引种红松的主要限制因素是土壤有效水份供应,在局部地区适宜的小气候使红松的引种栽培获得基本成功,进一步以适当规模开展红松的引种栽培试验很有必要,并对引种栽培中立地选择,苗木选取和抚育技术提出了建议。     

干旱胁迫对红松幼苗保护酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的影响

随着土壤的逐渐干旱,红松（Ｐｉｎｕｓ ｋｏｒａｉｅｎｓｉｓ Ｓｉｅｂ．ｅｔ．Ｚｕｃｃ）幼苗叶中膜质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量和膜相对透性均在干旱处理后第３天迅速上升;组织自动氧化速率先是增加,在干旱处理第３天后恢复到处理前水平。保护酶ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ、ＣＡＴ的活性明显提高,只有ＡＳＰ的活性下降。用ＰＥＧ模拟干旱胁迫与土壤自然干旱胁迫结果略有不同,－１．０ＭＰａ ＰＥＧ溶液对红松幼苗具有较为明显的     

Persistent free radicals in woodsmoke: an ESR spin trapping study

Free radicals are detected in the gas-phase smoke resulting from the combustion of wood using the electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping method. The materials were pyrolyzed by rapid heating in a quartz tube in a flowing air stream. The filtered smoke was bubbled into a dodecane solution of alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone, and the resulting nitroxide radicals were detected by ESR. The radicals spin trapped from woodsmoke are compared to those we have spin trapped from tobacco smoke; the smoke from both yellow pine and oak produce more intense ESR spectra than does tobacco smoke per unit mass burned under the conditions of these experiments. When woodsmoke is bubbled through pure dodecane and the resulting woodsmoke/dodecane solution is held for a delay time before the PBN is added, radicals are detected even after the woodsmoke/dodecane solution is aged for more than 20 min. Similar experiments with tobacco smoke show that radicals no longer are trapped even after much shorter delay times from tobacco smoke/dodecane solutions.     

马尾松诱导化学物质变化的时空动态

研究了受害程度不同的马尾松针叶内诱导化学物质在时间序列上的变化和局部受害后空间序列上的变化。结果发现：受害马尾松针叶内次生代谢物质（单宁、酚类物质）含量随时间的变化而不断上下波动,先增加,后逐渐降低,恢复到原来的水平;营养物质（可溶性糖）含量先降低,后逐渐恢复到原来水平。反映了马尾松受害后的应激反应是一种快速、间断、被调节的过程。危害程度的强调对马尾松诱导化学物质的变化有一定的影响。中度的危害（针叶损失50％）所诱导产生的次生物质最多,轻度（针叶损失25％）或重度（针叶损失75％）的危害所诱导产生的次生代谢物质较低。以7年生（共5个轮枝）的马尾松作为实验材料,对第3轮枝进行剪叶75％,在空间序列上,观察其余各轮枝松针内化学物质的变化。发现第3轮枝受害后马尾松其余各轮针叶内也产生诱导化学物质含量变化,并且因轮枝部位的不同,其诱导产生的变化也不相同。说明松针所产生的诱导化学物质含量的变化是全株性的、异质性的。     

Electron spin resonance evidence for the formation of free radicals in plants exposed to ozone

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was used to demonstrate that free radicals are formed in O₃-fumigated plant leaves prior to the formation of visible leaf injury. ESR signals with a g-value of 2.0037 to 2.0043, were observed in pea ( Pisum sativum L. cv. Feltham first) and bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Pinto) plants that had been fumigated for 4 h with 70–300 nl l⁻¹ of ozone after they had been treated with the spin-trap N- t -butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN). The size of the ESR signals increased with the concentration of ozone used but the nature of the trapped radicals could not be identified. However, further experiments using an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, arninoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), showed that the reaction between ozone and ethylene is the cause for ozone toxicity.     

Appearance of Esr Signals by the Reaction of 3,5-Dibromo-4-Nitrosobenzenesulfonate (Dbnbs) and Non-Radical Biological Components

The reaction of 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonate (DBNBS) with non-radical biological components produced spin adducts with ESR signals. The reactions of DBNBS with Trp, Gly-Trp, Trp-Gly, Pro, Cys and glutathione at pH 7.5 and room temperature for more than 1 hour gave the nitroxyl free radicals with ESR signals, whereas the reactions with other amino acids and bovine serum albumin did not. Among the amino acids and the peptides, Trp and Trp-containing peptides gave the most intense signals. The reactions of DBNBS with unsaturated fatty acids, i.e., linoleic acid and oleic acid, gave weak ESR signals, whereas the reaction with stearic acid did not. While DBNBS gave no ESR signals by the reactions with DNA, nucleosides and nucleobases, it caused strand breaking in supercoiled DNA. DBNBS also gave ESR signals by the reaction with human plasma similar to those from the reaction with Trp. It was suggested that the nitroxyl free radicals were produced by the addition of DBNBS to the amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids followed by oxidation in the presence of DBNBS. Hence, the use of DBNBS spin trap to detect free radicals in systems containing these biological components after long incubation may give misleading results.     

Is oxidative stress primarily involved in reperfusion injury of the ischemic heart?

Reperfusion injury of ischemic organs is suggested to result from metabolic derangements initiating an imbalanced formation of free oxygen radicals. Most investigators in this field have used the spin-trap 5,5'-dimethyl-N-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) to stabilize these short-lived radicals and make them visible by means of the electron spin resonance (ESR) technique. ESR signals obtained from intravascular DMPO were reported to indicate the formation of free OH. radicals and, in some cases, also carbon-centered radicals. We were unable to confirm these findings. Carbon-centered radicals were not obtained irrespectively of conditions studied, while oxygen-centered DMPO-adducts could only be detected in minor amounts. Instead, we observed an ascorbyl-related ESR signal. The addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), which was used by many investigators in this field, was found to greatly influence ESR-spectra of the reperfusion fluid. The ascorbyl radical concentration was clearly reduced and the DMPO-OH. adduct became more prominent. The addition of iron further stimulated this change eliciting a Fenton-type reaction responsible for DMPO-OH.-related ESR spectra in the perfusate after ischemia. Accordingly, we observed the release of iron and ascorbic acid into the perfusate as a consequence of ischemia. We could demonstrate that iron in the presence of ascorbate and EDTA causes both types of radicals detected in the perfusate. DMPO-OH. generation in the presence of EDTA was found to result from free OH. radicals that were not generated in the absence of EDTA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Synergic effects of NO and oxygen free radicals in the injury of ischemia-reperfused myocardium——ESR studies on NO free radicals generated from ischemia-reperfused myocardium

The ESR signal of NO bound to hemoglobin was detected during the ischemia-reperfusion of myocardium with low temperature ESR technique, and the synergic effects of NO and oxygen free radicals in the injury of the process were studied with this technique. Oxygen free radicals and NO bound to β-subunit of hemoglobin (β-NO complex) could be detected simultaneously in the ischemia-reperfused myocardium. Those signals could not be detected from the normal myocardium even in the presence of L-arginme. However, those signals could be detected and were dose-dependent with L-arginine in the ischemia-reperfused myocardiums and the signal could be suppressed with the inhibitor of NO synthetase, NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (NAME). Measurement of the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) in the coronary artery effluent of ischemia-reperfused heart showed that L-arginine at lower concentration (<1 mmol/L) could protect the heart from the ischemia-reperfusion injury but at higher con     

马尾松诱导抗性对马尾松毛虫幼虫生长发育的影响

利用不同受害方式和受害程度的马尾松 (PinusmassonianaLamb.)针饲养马尾松毛DendrolimuspunctarusWalker虫幼虫 ,研究受害松针对幼虫生长发育的影响。结果表明 :马尾松毛虫取食受害松针后 ,幼虫的取食量下降 ,排粪量减少 ,对食物的消耗和利用指数降低 ,幼虫发育速率缓慢 ,死亡率增加 ,从而影响马尾松毛虫的种群动态