旋覆花内酯抑制血管平滑肌细胞炎性应答与阻断NF-κB活化有关

应用免疫细胞化学染色及Western印迹检测血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMC)环加氧酶-2(cyclo-oxygenase-2,COX-2)表达、NF-κB抑制蛋白α(IκB-α)水平和NF-κBp65核转位的变化;电泳迁移率改变分析(electrophoretic mobility shift assay,EMSA)确定旋覆花内酯(1-o-acetylbritannilactone,ABL)对核内NF-κBp65与DNA调控元件的结合活性的影响。结果表明,脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)处理的VSMC,p65核转位加快,细胞核内的NF-κBp65水平快速升高,同时伴有IκB-α的减少;用ABL预处理VSMC后,LPS诱导的p65核转位增加及IκB-α减少受到明显抑制,抑制作用呈剂量依赖性。EMSA结果显示,LPS处理VSMC,其核蛋白与含有NF-κB结合位点的探针的结合活性升高;而用ABL预处理的VSMC,LPS诱导的核蛋白与探针结合活性的升高受到明显抑制。进而,ABL对NF-κB活化启动的下游炎性基因COX-2表达也具有较强的抑制效果。因此,ABL是一种抗炎物质,通过抑制NF-κB活化和炎性基因COX-2的表达而减弱或消除LPS诱导的VSMC炎症应答反应。     

JAK-STAT参与血管平滑肌细胞血管紧张素原和心钠素基因的转录激活

为探讨Janus蛋白酪氨酸激酶2-转导及转录激活因子5（JAK2-STAT5）途径在介导血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）诱导的血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）血管舒-缩肽表达调节的作用及分子机制, 以Ang Ⅱ为诱发因素刺激培养的大鼠VSMC, 用免疫共沉淀、Western印迹分析和激光共聚焦显微镜观察STAT5磷酸化及其核转位, 用电泳迁移率改变分析（EMSA）确定STAT5与血管活性肽基因调控区顺式调控元件的结合活性. 结果显示, STAT5磷酸化水平分别于Ang Ⅱ刺激10 min和12 h出现两个高峰, 增加的磷酸化STAT5主要分布在细胞核内. Ang Ⅱ诱导的STAT5活化与核转位可被JAK2的特异抑制剂AG490所抑制. EMSA结果显示, 用Ang Ⅱ刺激VSMC后, 核蛋白与含有血管紧张素原基因启动子STAT5识别序列的探针结合活性显著升高,而核蛋白与含有心钠素（ANF）基因启动子STAT5识别序列的探针结合活性则呈下降趋势, 核蛋白与两种探针的结合活性均可被JAK2抑制剂AG490所消除, 并且加入抗STAT5抗体后均可出现滞后的超迁移带. 结果提示, Ang Ⅱ通过激活JAK2-STAT5介导信号向胞核内传递, STAT5与相应的顺式元件结合是启动血管紧张素原和心钠素基因表达所必需的转录调控机制之一.     

天麻素抑制脂多糖诱导的BV-2小胶质细胞炎症反应及机制研究

目的:研究天麻素对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小胶质细胞炎性反应的影响,并探讨其潜在的作用机制。方法:BV-2小胶质细胞分为对照组、LPS组和天麻素组。LPS和天麻素处理24 h后,MTT和LDH试验检测细胞活性。ELISA实验检测炎性因子白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量。Western blot检测细胞中Iba-1和TLR4的表达,以及IκBα的降解和NFκB-P65的核转位情况。结果:LPS刺激后,BV-2细胞活性下降(65.46±3.70%),LDH释放量增加(264.54±17.78 U/L),各炎性因子水平也显著升高。给予天麻素处理后,细胞活性升高(74.33±4.22%),LDH释放量减少(173.88±15.23 U/L),炎性反应降低。同时,天麻素显著抑制LPS诱导的BV-2细胞Iba-1升高,降低了LPS处理后细胞TLR4的升高,IκBα的磷酸化水平和P65的核转位。结论:天麻素可以提高BV-2细胞活性,缓解LPS诱导的炎症反应。其作用机制可能是通过抑制BV-2细胞的过度活化,调控TLR4/NFκB信号通路,最终减少炎症因子的表达。     

NF- kB 对低氧大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞ET- 1 表达的影响

目的：探讨核因子kB（NF—kB）对低氧大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞（PAMSC）内皮素-1（endothelin—1,ET—1）表达的影响。方法：分离培养大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞,分别在常氧和低氧条件下培养48小时。ELISA检测培养上清中ET—1含量,RT—PCR检测ET-1 mRNA表达。在培养液中加入NF—kB抑制剂PDTC,检测PASMCs ET—1表达的变化。Western blotting检测PASMCs IkB表达变化。结果：低氧培养能够诱导PASMCs表达ET—1。NF—kB抑制剂能够减少由于低氧引起的ET—1释放,IkB在低氧情况下表达明显减少。结论：ET-1低氧情况下在PAMCS表达明显增加。可能参与低氧所引起的肺动脉的病理过程。低氧所引起的ET—1表达增加可能通过NF—kB信号通路。     

ACTH（1—24）对脂多糖致ECV304细胞损伤的保护作用

目的研究ACTH（1—24）对脂多糖（LPS）损伤的脐静脉内皮细胞（ECV304）的保护作用。方法采用体外培养的ECV304为模型,分别观察对照组、LPS损伤组和ACTH（1—24）保护组的细胞活性及NO、TNF—α、细胞间黏附分子ICAM-1、核因子NF—KB家族成员p50、p52及趋化因子SCYA3、SCYBl0的表达情况。结果LPS（50μg/m1）可使ECV304的细胞活性降低,细胞的NO、TNF—α、NF—κB、SCYA3、SCYBl0及ICAM-1的表达增强。ACTH（1—24）可以提高损伤细胞的活性,抑制上述细胞因子的高表达。结论ACTH（1—24）可以阻断LPS对细胞的损伤,减少炎性介质和细胞因子的过度释放,对细胞具有明显的保护作用。     

EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白LMP1编码基因沉默对NF—kB表达的影响

目的：探讨EBV阳性胃上皮细胞中潜伏膜蛋白1（latentmembraneprotein-1,LMP1）基因沉默对NF-kB转录表达的影响。方法：以稳定表达LMP1的EBV阳性胃上皮细胞系作为靶细胞,采用化学合成的siRNA特异性沉默LMP1,用RT-PCR和Westem-blotting分别检测其在不同时间段mRNA和蛋白水平特异性沉默效果;Westernblotting及免疫酶染色法检测LMP1基因沉默对NF—kB转录表达及核转移的影响。结果：siRNA在mRNA和蛋白水平可特异性沉默LMP1的表达,且有时间效应关系;Westem blotting及免疫酶染色法检测结果显示LMP1沉默可干扰NF—KB表达,导致靶细胞核内NF-kB水平下降,细胞浆内水平升高,而NF—kB总蛋白有下降趋势。结论：LMP1基因特异性沉默能够影响NF-kB表达,抑制其核转移。     

姜黄素诱导Nrf2核转位对脂多糖引起库普弗细胞分泌炎症细胞因子的影响

目的：研究姜黄素诱导大鼠Kupffer细胞Nrf2核转位对脂多糖（LPS）引起的炎症细胞因子分泌的影响。方法：分别用10μM、20μM和30μM干预Kupffer细胞8h,诱导Nrf2核转位水平;将Kupffer细胞随机分为对照组、LPS组和干预组,对照组正常培养未加姜黄素和LPS,LPS组用10μg／mL的LPS加入Kupffer细胞培养液共同培养2h;干预组用30μM姜黄素干预8h后,余处理同LPS组。Western blot检测Nrf2核转位水平,分光光度法检测细胞MDA、GSH水平,ELISA法检测上清液TNF-α和IL-6,放免法检测IL-1β。结果：①姜黄素诱导Kupffer细胞Nrf2核转位,核转位水平随浓度增加而增高。②LPS组MDA水平较对照组显著升高（P〈0．01）,干预组MDA水平较LPS组显著降低（P〈0．01）,仍显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。LPS组GSH水平较对照组显著降低（P〈0．01）,干预组GSH水平较LPS组显著升高（P〈0．01）,仍显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）。③LPS组上清液TNF-α,IL-1β和IL-6显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）,干预组均显著低于模型组（P〈0．01）,但显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：姜黄素通过诱导Kupffer细胞Nrf2核转位,降低LPS诱导的氧化应激损伤,抑制Kupffer细胞分泌炎症细胞因子。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).