国家重点保护野生植物名录(第一批)

一九九九年八月四日中华人民共和国国务院正式批准公布国家重点保护野生植物名录（第一批）蕨类植物Ｐｔｅｒｉｄｏｐｈｙｔｅｓ观音座莲科Ａｎｇｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｄａｃｅａｅ法斗观音座莲ＡｎｇｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｓｐａｒｓｉｓｏｒａⅡ二回原始观音座莲ＡｒｃｈａｎｇｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｂｉｐｉｎｎａｔａⅡ亨利原始观音座莲ＡｒｃｈａｎｇｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｈｅｎｒｙｉⅡ铁角蕨科Ａｓｐｌｅｎｉａｃｅａｅ对开蕨ＰｈｙｌｌｉｔｉｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃａⅡ蹄盖蕨科Ａｔｈｙｒｉａｃｅａｅ光叶蕨ＣｙｓｔｏａｔｈｙｒｉｕｍｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅⅠ乌毛…     

贡嘎山蹄盖蕨科新分类群

描述了四川贡嘎山地区啼盖蕨科３新种１新变种，即贡嘎蹄盖Ａｔｈｙｒｉｕｍ ｇｏｎｇｇａｅｎｓｅ，泸定蹄盖蕨Ａ．ｌｕｄｉｎｇｅｎｓｅ，密羽华中蹄盖蕨Ａ．ｗａｒｄｉｌ ｖａｒ．ｄｅｎｓｉｐｉｎｎｕｍ和泸定峨眉蕨Ｌｕｎａｔｈｙｒｉｕｍｈｕｄｉｎｇｅｎｓｅ。     

中国及缅甸北部蹄盖蕨科新分类群

花叶假蹄盖蕨新变种Ａｔｈｙｒｉｏｐｓｉｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）Ｃｈｉｎｇｖａｒ．ｖａｒｉｅｇａｔａＷ．Ｍ．ＣｈｕｅｔＺ．Ｒ．Ｈｅ,ｖａｒ．ｎｏｖ．ＴＹＰＥ：Ｙｕｎｎａｎ（云南）,Ｋｕｎｍｉｎｇ（昆明）,Ｘｉｓｈａｎ（西山）,ｕｎｄｅｒｍｉｘ...     

中国齿裂菌属研究Ⅱ.

我国齿裂菌属的４个分类单元,其中包括２个新种：生于青冈」Ｃｙｃｌｏｂａｌａｎｏｐｓｉｓｇｌａｕｃａ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）Ｏｅｒｓｔ．「上的青冈齿裂菌（Ｃｏｃｃｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｃｙｃｌｏｂａｌａｎｏｐｓｉｓ Ｙ．Ｒ．Ｌｉｎ＆Ｚ．Ｚ．．Ｌｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）和生于香叶树（Ｌｉｎｄｅｒａ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓ Ｈｅｍｓｌ．）上的福建齿裂菌（Ｃ．ｆｕｊｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｙ．Ｒ．Ｌｉｎ＆Ｃ．Ｔ．．Ｘｉａｎｇ ｓｐ．ｎｏ     

沙顿蕨——曲柄沙顿蕨（新种）在我国的发现

对采自新疆西准噶尔和丰县中泥盆统（相当于艾菲尔阶）呼吉尔斯特组下部的沙顿蕨一新种——曲柄沙顿蕨（Ｓａｗ ｄｏｎｉａ ｃｕｒｓｔｉｐａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）进行了一些形态学方面的描述,并与已知的沙顿蕨属（Ｓａｗ ｄｏｎｉａ）的两个种Ｓ．ｏｒｎａｔａ 和Ｓ．ａｃａｎｔｈｏｔｈｅｃａ 作了对比。研究表明,Ｓ．ｃｕｒｓｔｉｐａ 在孢子囊柄长度和孢子囊着生方式等方面与沙顿蕨属的两个种有明显的差异     

雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区蕨类植物科属区系特征分析

雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区蕨类植物区系共含４５科、１０８属。主要科为鳞毛蕨科Ｄｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｄａｃｅａｅ（８０／５,种数／属数）、水龙骨科Ｐｏｌｙｐｏｄｉａｃｅａｅ（６５／１４）、蹄盖蕨科Ａｔｈｙｒｉａｃｅａｅ（４５／１１）、铁角蕨科Ａｓｐｌｅｎｉａｃｅａｅ（２３／３）、中国蕨科Ｓｉｎｏｐｔｅｒｉｄａｃｅａｅ（１９／６）、金星蕨科Ｔｈｅｌｙｐｔｅｒｉｄａｃｅａｅ（１８／９）、凤尾蕨科Ｐｔｅｒｉｄａｃｅａｅ（１３／２）、卷柏科Ｓｅｌａｇｉｎｅｌａｃｅａｅ（１２／１）和膜蕨科Ｈｙｍｅｎｏｐｈｙｌａｃｅａｅ（１１／３）。主要属是耳蕨属Ｐｏｌｙｓｔｉｃｈｕｍ,鳞毛蕨属Ｄｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ,铁角蕨属Ａｓｐｌｅｎｉｕｍ,蹄盖蕨属Ａｔｈｙｒｉｕｍ等系统发育上较高级的类群;无典型的特有属,可认为它是随青藏高原隆起而形成的较年轻的蕨类区系。其热带成分科属虽多（科占６２２％,属占６７６％）,但优势科、优势属均为广布类型。本区蕨类植物的起源是古老的热带亚洲成分。     

辽西走廊农业生态系统区位优势分析

辽西走廊农业生态系统区位优势分析梁文举（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,１１００１５）ＬｏｃａｔｉｏｎａｌＳｕｐｅｒｉｏｒｉｔｙＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＡｇｒｏｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｉｎＷｅｓｔＬｉａｏｎｉｎｇＣｏｒｒｉｄｏｒ￥ＬｉａｎｇＷｅｎｊｕ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,ＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃａ,Ｓｈｅｎｙａｎｇ１１００１５）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（２）：５９－６０．Ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅａｇｇｒｅｇａｔｉｏｎｄｅｇｒｅｅｓａｍｏｎｇｈｉｅｒａｒｃｈｉｅｓｏｆｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔａｇｒｏｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ,ｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｐｒｏ－ｐｏｓｅｄｔｈａｔｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎａｌｑｕｏｔｉｅｎｔｍｏｄｅｌｃｏｕｌｄｂｅｕｓｅｄｔｏｍｅａｓｕｒｅｔｈｅｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎａｌｓｕｐｅｒｉｏｒｉｔｙｏｆａｇｒｏｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ．Ｔｈｅｍａｉｎｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｉｓｔｏｐｒｏｖｉｄｅａｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃｂａｓｉｓｆｏｒｃｈｏｏｓｉｎｇａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｍａｒｋｅｔａｂｌｅｂａｓｅｓａｎｄｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｉｎｇａｈｉｇ     

河南开封淀粉厂生态经济示范工程结构模型与投入产出模型的研究

河南开封淀粉厂生态经济示范工程结构模型与投入产出模型的研究刘玉萃,赵伟（河南农业大学,郑州４５０００２）ＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌＭｏｄｅｌａｎｄＩｎｐｕｔ－ＯｕｔｐｕｔＭｏｄｅｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｍｉｃａｌＤｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎＰｒｏｊｅｃｔｉｎＫａｉｆｅｎｇＳｔａｒｃｈＦａｃ－ｔｏｒｙｏｆＨｅｎａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ￥．ＬｉｕＹｕｃｕｉ;ＺｈａｏＷｅｉ（ＨｅｎａｎＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｗｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｚｈｅｎｇｚｈｏｕ４５０００２）．Ｃｈｉ－ｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｕａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（２）：６１－６５．Ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｇｒｉｔｙｏｆｓｙｓｔｅｍａｎｄｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｖａｒｉｏｕｓｓｕｂｓｙｓｔｅｍｓａｎｄｅｍｐｌｏｙｉｎｇｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎａｌｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｍｏｄｅｌ,ｔｈｅｍｕｌｔｉｌｅｖｅｌｇｒａｄｉｅｎｔｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｓｙｓｔｅｍａｒｅｆｏｕｎｄｆｒｏｍｔｅｍｐｏｒａｌａｎｄｓｐａｔｉａｌｄｉｍｅｎ－ｓｉｏｎｓ．Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｄｉｓｓｉｐａｔｅａｎｄｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍａｎｄｕｓ     

农业生态系统的人类生态学分析模式探讨

农业生态系统的人类生态学分析模式探讨李季（北京农业大学农业生态环境科学系,１０００９４）ＡｎＡｎａｌｙｔｉｃａｌＭｏｄｅｌｏｆＡｇｒｏｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｆｒｏｍＨｕｍａｎＥｃｏｌｏｇｙＰｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅ￥．ＬｉＪｉ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ１０００９４）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（２）：２３－２４．Ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｏｕｒｃｕｒｒｅｎｔａｇｒｏ－ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｒｃｓｅａｒｃｈ,ａｎｅｗａｎａｌｙｔｉｃａｌｍｏｄｅｌｏｆａｇｒｏ－ｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｋｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄａｎｄｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓｏｆｉｔｓｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｒｅｒｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｄ．Ｔｈｅａｉｍｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｉｓｔｏｐｒｏｖｉｄｅａｍｏｄｅｌｆｏｒｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ,ｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｅｘｐａｎｄｔｈｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｈｅｏｒｉｅｓａｎｄｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ,ｂｕｔ     

西藏生态农业探讨

西藏生态农业探讨刘明允,王德亭（西藏农牧学院,八一８５０４００）ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｉｎＴｉｂｅｔ￥．ＬｉｕＭｉｎｇｙｕｎ;Ｗａｎｇｂｅｔｉｎｇ（ＴｉｂｅｉＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｌｄｔｕｒａｌａｎｄＡｎｉｍａｌＨｕｓｂｏｎｄｒｙ,８５０４００）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（３）：７３－７５．Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ,ｆｏｕｒｂａｓｉｃｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｇｒｉｃｕＩｔｕｒｅｉｎＴｉｂｅｔａｒｅｐｕｔｆｏｒｗａｒｄａｎｄｓｏｍｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓａｎｄｏｐｅｒａｔｅｄａｇｒｏｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓｏｆＴｉｂｅ＇ｓｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｇｒｉｃｕＩｔｕｒｅａｒｅｓｕｍｍａ－ｒｉｚｅｄ．Ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｓｅ,ａｇｒｏ－ｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｉｎＴｉｂｅｔａｒｅｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｗｏｇｒｏｕｐｓ,ｉ．ｅ．,ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｅ－ｈｕｍｉｄｆｏｒｅｓｔｒｙ－ａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ·ａｎｉｍａｌｈｕｓｂａｎｄｒｙｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍａｎｄａｒｉｄ－     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.