小麦TaLSD1锌指蛋白基因的电子克隆及序列分析

采用电子克隆与RT-PCR相结合的技术,在条锈菌(Pucciniastriiformis f.sp.tritici)侵染的小麦中克隆了一个LSD1型锌指蛋白基因,命名为TaLSD1(GenBank登录号为EF553327)。序列分析表明,该基因全长1024bp,编码生成1个包含3个保守LSD1型锌指结构(CxxCxRxxLMYxxGASxVxCxxC)且长度为146个氨基酸的多肽。进化树分析表明,TaLSD1与水稻(Oryza sativa)、拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)和芜菁(Brassica rapa)中部分含有3个保守LSD1型锌指结构的同源基因亲缘关系较近,而与其它包含不同数目的LSD1型锌指结构基因亲缘关系较远。推测TaLSD1在进化中丢失了部分序列,进而执行新的功能。半定量RT-PCR结果显示,该基因在亲和以及非亲和组合中的表达模式很相似,均表现在前期基因表达被抑制而后期恢复正常。初步推测TaLSD1在转录水平上的表达受光诱导,同时,作为一个细胞程序性死亡的负调控因子在小麦与条锈菌互作过程中起作用。     

小麦锌指蛋白基因TaLOL2的克隆及特征分析

通过电子克隆与RT-PCR相结合的方法,在条锈菌诱导的小麦叶片中克隆获得1个新的LSD1型锌指蛋白基因TaLOL2,并用qRT-PCR技术分析了其转录表达特征。结果显示:(1)小麦锌指蛋白基因TaLOL2的cDNA全长1 095bp,编码179个氨基酸。(2)TaLOL2含有3个典型的zf-LSD1型(CxxCxRxxLMYxxGASxVxCxxC)保守结构域,与水稻、拟南芥、大麦等植物LSD1型锌指蛋白序列具有高度相似性,其中与水稻OsLOL2相似度达86.0%。(3)进化树分析表明,TaLOL2与水稻、拟南芥和大麦中部分含有3个保守zf-LSD1锌指结构的基因亲缘关系较近,而与其它包含不同数目的zf-LSD1锌指结构的基因亲缘关系较远。(4)qRT-PCR定量分析表明,TaLOL2在条锈菌侵染前期呈上调表达,在亲和及非亲和反应中差异表达。研究表明,TaLOL2参与了条锈菌诱导的小麦抗病防卫反应,很可能作为正调控因子参与了小麦-条锈菌非亲和互作中对条锈菌的抗性信号途径。     

小麦条锈菌钙调素依赖蛋白激酶基因Pscamk的功能

【目的】克隆小麦条锈菌钙调素依赖蛋白激酶基因Pscamk,并分析其在条锈菌侵染小麦过程中的表达特征及初步功能。【方法】基于本实验室已测序的小麦条锈菌基因组序列,利用RT-PCR方法,从小麦条锈菌生理小种CYR32中克隆Pscamk基因的cDNA序列,并利用网络数据库和生物信息学工具预测该基因编码蛋白的基本特征和保守结构;运用qRT-PCR技术分析Pscamk在不同发育及侵染阶段的表达水平,进一步通过钙调素依赖蛋白激酶(CaMK)的免疫抑制剂KN-93处理小麦条锈菌夏孢子,观察其萌发状况。【结果】获得1个1620 bp的小麦条锈菌CaMK基因Pscamk;序列分析发现,Pscamk编码蛋白包含CaMK蛋白的保守结构域,并与小麦杆锈菌该类蛋白序列相似性最高。qRT-PCR分析表明,Pscamk在条锈菌侵染初期过程中的芽管发育、初生菌丝侵染及吸器形成时期呈显著上调表达,且在条锈菌接种6 h时表达量最高,为对照夏孢子的20.74倍。在专一性免疫抑制剂KN-93处理后,随着KN-93施加浓度的增加,条锈菌夏孢子萌发率逐渐降低,当浓度为1.4μmol/L时夏孢子萌发率为8.02%,仅为对照的12%。【讨论】推测Pscamk基因参与了小麦条锈菌夏孢子萌发、芽管发育以及初期侵染结构的形成。本研究为进一步探索条锈菌细胞钙信号传导机理和致病机制奠定了基础。     

小麦F-box基因TaFBL14的克隆及表达分析

该研究利用同源克隆策略,获得了1条小麦F-box/LRR重复蛋白14基因(TaFBL14)。TaFBL14基因编码486个氨基酸,预测分子量为53.48kD,等电点为5.93,序列N端包含一个F-box结构域,C段包含7个LRR结构域。TaFBL14基因编码蛋白不具有信号肽及核定位信号序列,主要定位在细胞质中,二级结构以α-螺旋为主,呈球状。进化树分析表明,TaFBL14与粗山羊草和乌拉尔托小麦的FBL14蛋白亲缘关系较近。qRT-PCR分析结果显示,TaFBL14基因主要在小麦叶组织中表达,且受非亲和叶锈菌侵染后呈现上调表达趋势,说明该基因可能参与小麦抵御叶锈菌的侵染过程。     

小麦条锈菌PsCdc2基因的克隆及在条锈菌侵染小麦后的转录表达分析

【目的】克隆小麦条锈菌细胞分裂基因PsCdc2,分析该基因在条锈菌接种小麦后不同时间点的表达特征。【方法】利用PCR和RT-PCR技术克隆PsCdc2的cDNA序列和基因组序列,采用生物信息学技术预测分析该基因编码蛋白的保守结构域及基本特性,对该蛋白进行系统发育分析,构建进化树;运用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术,以PsCdc2在夏孢子时期的表达情况为对照,分析该基因在亲和及非亲和互作中不同时间点的表达特征。【结果】PsCdc2基因组序列长2279 bp,由11个外显子和10个内含子构成,开放阅读框为885 bp,编码294个氨基酸,分子量为33.14 kDa,等电点为6.26。编码蛋白含两个保守的激酶特征位点,一个跨膜螺旋区域。PsCdc2基因编码蛋白与小麦秆锈菌、新型隐球菌、玉米瘤黑粉菌等多种真菌的Cdc2高度相似,其中与小麦秆锈菌的Cdc2亲缘关系最近,序列相似性达73.1%。实时荧光定量RT-PCR结果表明,在亲和组合中,该基因在条锈菌接种小麦的前期上调表达,其中接种后12 h时表达量最高,约为夏孢子中表达量的1.62倍,接种后24-268 h,基因表达基本呈下调趋势,其中96 h基因表达量最低,仅为夏孢子时期的0.07倍。在非亲和组合中,该基因表达基本呈下调趋势,在接种后各个时间点的表达量均低于在夏孢子中的表达量,其中接种后12 h时表达量最高,但仅为夏孢子中表达量的0.34倍;接种后96 h表达量最低,为夏孢子中表达量的0.02倍。【结论】PsCdc2可能通过调控条锈菌的细胞周期循环参与了侵染前期初生菌丝生长和吸器母细胞的形成,与条锈菌的致病性相关。本文首次报道了小麦条锈菌的Cdc2基因,为进一步揭示条锈菌细胞周期调控的本质及研究开发靶向Cdc2的新型农药,以及实现对小麦条锈病的新型药剂防治提供了理论基础。     

小麦条锈菌II类几丁质合成酶基因PstChsII的克隆及表达特征

摘要:【目的】克隆小麦条锈菌几丁质合成酶基因PstChsII,分析其在小麦条锈菌不同发育时期的表达水平。【方法】利用RT-PCR和PCR技术克隆PstChsII的cDNA序列和基因组序列,利用不同的生物信息学软件对序列进行分析,运用实时荧光定量技术分析基因在孢子、芽管以及不同侵染时间的表达水平。【结果】PstChsII基因（Genbank登录号GQ329851）编码区存在15个内含子,开放阅读框长2727 bp,编码908个氨基酸。PstChsII蛋白C端含有7个跨膜螺旋区,N端含多个保守结构域和“QXR     

小麦NBS类抗病基因同源cDNA序列的克隆与特征分析

根据已克隆植物抗病(R)基因NBS保守结构域设计简并引物,采用RT-PCR和cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE),在小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系材料TcLr19中进行抗病同源基因cDNA全长的扩增。获得了1个通读的NBS类抗病同源基因S11A11cDNA序列,该序列全长2923bp,编码878个氨基酸序列。生物信息学分析结果表明,该片段含有NB-ARC保守结构域和多个LRR结构域。聚类分析表明,S11A11编码的蛋白与小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr1编码的蛋白亲缘关系较近,而与Lr10亲缘关系较远。半定量RT-PCR分析表明,该基因在小麦叶片中为低丰度组成型表达。本研究在TcLr19小麦中成功获得了抗病基因同源序列,为最终克隆小麦抗叶锈病目的基因奠定了基础。     

小麦盐胁迫相关基因的克隆与表达分析

采用RT-PCR方法,从小麦中克隆获得1个盐诱导小麦MYB类转录因子基因TaSIM（Triticum aestivum salt-induced MYB）,该基因cDNA全长1 213bp,具有1个831bp的开放阅读框,编码276个氨基酸,预测分子量约为29.903kD,等电点为10.12,推测的氨基酸序列中含有2个高度保守的SANT结构域。系统发生树分析表明,TaSIM与二穗短柄草XP₀03576185亲缘关系最近。半定量RT-PCR检测结果显示,TaSIM基因受盐胁迫诱导表达。亚细胞定位结果显示,TaSIM-hGFP融合蛋白定位于细胞核中。研究结果表明,小麦TaSIM基因编码的蛋白可能在细胞核内参与小麦对盐胁迫的应答反应。     

小麦叶绿体信号识别颗粒54基因的克隆与分析

根据LWSRC336(GenBank登录号为EV254029)的cDNA序列设计引物,从受条锈菌(Puccinia striifor-misf.sp.tritici)诱导的小麦幼叶中提取总RNA,采用RACE与RT-PCR相结合的技术对该基因克隆.测序结果表明,扩增片段长度为1 725 bp,其中包含一个编码481个氨基酸的开放阅读框,与水稻的叶绿体信号识别颗粒54蛋白高度同源.实时荧光定量PCR分析结果显示,该基因在受条锈菌诱导下,在亲和组合中表达趋势明显下调,而在非亲合组合中的表达在24 h之前呈下降趋势,到24 h最低,在72 h又恢复到正常水平,随后又下降.推测条锈菌侵染小麦后,影响了叶绿体蛋白的运输,进而影响了小麦的光合作用.     

一个编码锌指蛋白的大豆疫霉基因Ps—zfA1的克隆与转录分析

对大豆疫霉野生菌株与紫外线诱导的卵孢子缺失突变株进行差异表达基冈分析,筛选到一个在大豆疫霉卵孢子形成过程中特异表达、编码CCHC型锌指蛋白的cDNA片段.克隆了该基因的全长序列,命名为PszfA1.Southern杂交结果显示,Ps-zfA1在大豆疫霉基凶组中只有2个拷贝.系统发育分析表明,Ps-zfA1与三角褐指藻Phaeodactylum tricornutum的锌指蛋白的序列同源性最高,且该基因编码的氨基酸序列具有一个CCHC型锌指蛋白典型的保守结构域.时实定量RT-PCR分析表明,该基因在大豆疫霉卵孢子形成过程中特异表达,且表达量随着产孢培养的时间延长而升高.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV