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神经肽Y和β—内啡肽样免疫阳性物质在文昌鱼神经系统和哈氏窝的分布 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用免疫组织化学方法首次发现,神经肽Y(NPY)和β-内啡肽(β-Ep)样免疫阳性物质分布在文昌鱼神经系统和哈氏窝。NPY样免疫阳性神经元出现在端脑前部和中部、中脑前部和中部以及后脑,NPY样免疫阳性神经纤维在文昌鱼脑的各部分与神经元交错呈网状密集分布。神经管的背面与中部均可观察到NPY样免疫阳性神经元及其阳性性纤维。β-Ep样免疫阳性神经元及其神经纤维定位在中脑前部和中部以及神经管,且分布范围明显小于NPY。文昌鱼哈氏窝也有NPY和β-Ep样免疫阳性物质分布。这些结果表明,NPY和β-Ep可能作为脑内的一种神经递质,像鱼类那样,参与调节文昌鱼哈氏窝促性腺激素分泌细胞的分泌活动,这为文昌鱼脑-哈氏窝复合体的密切关系提供新的形态学证据。 相似文献
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用免疫组织化学方法首次发现,神经肽Y(NPY)和β-内啡肽(β-Ep)样免疫阳性物质分布在文昌鱼神经系统和哈氏窝。NPY样免疫阳性神经元出现在端脑前部和中部、中脑前部和中部以及后脑,NPY样免疫阳性神经纤维在文昌鱼脑的各部分与神经元交错呈网状密集分布。神经管的背面与中部均可观察到NPY样免疫阳性神经元及其阳性纤维。β-Ep样免疫阳性神经元及其神经纤维定位在中脑前部和中部以及神经管,且分布范围明显小于NPY。文昌鱼哈氏窝也有NPY和β-Ep样免疫阳性物质分布。这些结果表明,NPY和β-Ep可能作为脑内的一种神经递质,像鱼类那样,参与调节文昌鱼哈氏窝促性腺激素分泌细胞的分泌活动,这为文昌鱼脑-哈氏窝复合体的密切关系提供新的形态学证据。 相似文献
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雌、雄激素受体在文昌鱼神经系统和哈氏窝的免疫识别 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
用雌、雄激素受体的多克隆抗体对不同发育时期的文昌鱼神经系统和哈氏窝进行免疫识别。结果显示,雌、雄激素受体免疫阳性识别发生在文昌鱼端脑和中脑的中部与后部,以及神经管的背面和中央,后脑则为免疫阴性反应。两种激素受体免疫阳性物多数分布在神经细胞核内及其神经纤维,少数在胞质、雌、雄激素受体免疫阳性识别还出现在文昌鱼哈氏窝基部的上皮细胞核内或胞质中。雌、雄激素受体在文昌鱼神经系统和哈氏窝的免疫识别部位与脊椎运行相类似。研究表明,性类固醇激素像在脊椎动物中那样,可对文昌鱼脑和哈氏窝进行反馈调节。 相似文献
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本实验分别应用还原型尼克酰胺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH-d)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)方法,对扬子鳄颈髓NOS和AChE阳性神经元的分布进行了研究。结果表明:颈髓前角、中央灰质均含有NOS和AChE阳性神经元,颈髓后角有较为丰富的NOS和AChE阳性纤维和终末以及显色淡的NOS阳性神经元。 相似文献
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性类固醇激素及其受体在文昌鱼性腺和神经系统中的分布 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
首次用雌二醇,睾酮及孕酮受体的多克隆抗体在文昌鱼性腺,脑泡和神经管中进行免疫细胞化学定位研究,结果表明,不同发育时期的卵原细胞和卵母细胞中都存在雌激素,雄激素和孕激素受体,在小生长期,3种受体通常定位在卵原细胞和早期初级卵母细胞的胞质或核膜,在大生长期和成熟期,则定位在胞质和核质,在雄性,3种类固醇激素受体分布在不同发育时期的精原细胞,精母细胞和精子细胞(雌激素受体例外)中,受体阳性物定位在胞质和核,另外,用免疫细胞化学方法和性类固醇激素抗体对文昌鱼不同发育时期的性腺和神经系统进行研究,结果揭示,免疫阳性物存在于不同发育时期的卵巢和精巢中,在卵巢发育是上期,卵原细胞和卵母细胞的胸质和核仁膜对紫二醇,睾酮和孕酮抗体显示强或中等强度免疫阳性反应,在大生长期和成熟期,卵母细胞胞质和核仁膜对睾酮和孕酮抗体的免疫阳性反应明显减弱,而对雌二醇则显著增强,在雄性,随着精原细胞和精母细胞对孕酮抗体发生强的免疫阳性反应,在成熟期则对雌二醇抗体发生免疫阴性反应,精子始终为免疫阴性,本文研究首次发现,文昌鱼脑泡和神经管中存在哺乳动物神经旮体激素样免疫阳性神经细胞及其纤维,免疫阳性物分布在神经细胞胸质,核显阴性反应,这些结果为证明文昌鱼性类固醇激素参与调节性腺发育成熟和生殖内分泌调控轴的功能成熟提供重要的形态学新证据。 相似文献
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用兔抗人催乳素多克隆抗体和鼠抗人催乳索受体单克隆抗体对文昌鱼神经系统、哈氏窝和其它组织进行免疫组织化学研究。结果显示:催乳素免疫活性细胞及催乳素受体定位在文昌鱼脑泡、神经管、哈氏窝、轮器、内柱、消化管和性腺(卵巢和精巢),表明催乳素在文昌鱼有广泛分布,并且从进化观点来看,证明催乳素是一种高度保守的古老激素。双重免疫染色进一步揭示催乳素及其受体免疫反应阳性物质共存于同一卵母细胞胞膜和胞质以及精巢中精原细胞、初级与次级精母细胞和Sertoli细胞。研究结果首次证明了文昌鱼脑泡和哈氏窝以及其它组织能够合成和分泌催乳素,表明像脊椎动物一样,催乳素可能参与调节文昌鱼体内代谢和对环境的适应以及性腺发育,提示文昌鱼可能出现原始的脑泡-哈氏窝(催乳素)-靶细胞调控轴的雏形。本研究为文昌鱼哈氏窝内分泌学以及催乳素的起源与演化提供新的基础资料。 相似文献
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以鹿角菜胶(CAR)注射到大鼠一侧后爪的足底皮下作为伤害性刺激模型,分别于CAR刺激后6、12h和1、3d处死动物,对照组动物仅将盐水注入一侧后爪足底皮下,用原位杂交法和免疫组织化学法观察前原脑啡肽(PPE)mRNA阳性神经元、亮氨酸脑啡肽(L-ENK)和μ阿片受体(MOR)样阳性结构在大鼠脊髓背角(SDH)的分布和变化。对照组大鼠SDH内可见到大量PPEmRNA阳性神经元,这些阳性神经元主要分布于Ⅰ、Ⅱ层和Ⅴ、Ⅵ层,CAR刺激后6h,刺激侧SDH中PPEmRNA阳性神经元的数量明显增多,12h和1d达到最高水平,3d时略有下降,但仍高于正常水平。L-ENK样阳性纤维和终末主要分布于正常大鼠SDH的Ⅰ、Ⅱ层,CAR刺激后1d,L-ENK样阳性结构在刺激侧SDH中的密度略有升高,3d后下降直至低于正常水平。MOR阳性胞体和纤维主要分布于SDH的Ⅱ层,CAR刺激后1d,刺激侧Ⅱ层中MOR阳性结构明显增加,并持续到刺激后3d。上述结果提示阿片类物质在伤害性信息调控中具有重要作用。 相似文献
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为了探讨心内神经节中去甲肾上腺素(NA)、乙酰胆碱(ACh)和NPY的相互作用,本实验应用6-OH-DA选择性切除大鼠心脏交感神经纤维,然后应用荧光和酶组织化学法、免疫组织化学结合图像分析法观察了大鼠心内神经节NA、AChE活性和NPY的变化。结果显示:实验组大鼠心内神经节中儿茶酚胺荧光反应阳性和NPY免疫反应(NPY-IR)阳性的神经纤维明显减少,AChE阳性神经纤维明显增多,AChE反应性神经元积分光密度增加,而儿茶酚胺荧光反应和NPY-IR阳性神经元变化不明显。结果提示:1.交感神经化学切除后大鼠心内神经节中NA、AChE活性和NPY出现不同的变化,体现了心脏交感神经和副交感神经的相互抑制作用;2.心内神经节可能含有两种性质的NPY,即交感性和非交感性NPY。 相似文献
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紫杉醇及其衍生物的研究概况与发展趋势 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文分别从生物资源,药理学,化学合成和组织培养方面对红豆杉植物中紫杉醇及其衍生物的研究工作进行了综述,从中可以了解紫杉醇及其衍生物的研究概况与发展趋势。 相似文献
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David W. Bierhorst 《American journal of botany》1971,58(7):634-648
The gametophyte, old embryo, and sporophyte of Schizaea pseudodichotoma sp. nov., sporophyte and female parental gametophyte of S. diversispora hybr. nov. (S. pseudodicholoma X probably S. dichotoma), sporophyte of S. rhacoindusiata sp. nov., and gametophyte, old embryo, and sporophyte of Actinostachys macrofunda sp. nov. are described. The taxonomy of Schizaea is discussed and the system of Diels is strongly supported. The two sectional names used by Diels, Euschizaea Hook, and Lophidium Rich, are replaced by Pectinatae Prantl and Schizaea respectively. The prime morphological significance of Schizaea pseudodicholoma lies in its leafless embryo and its simple leaf differing from other species in its section, and that of Actinostachys macrofunda lies in its reduction to nearly complete heterotrophic existence and its frequent multiple annulus. Fungal hyphae have been traced from Schizaea and Actinostachys through the substratum and into root nodules of Casuarina and into roots of two other angiosperms. 相似文献
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糖蜜草(Melinis minutiflora Beauv.)幼穗分化发育.及花和果实形态的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文对糖密草(MelinisminutifloraBeauv.)的幼穗分化发育及花和果实的形态作了研究,将幼穗分化发育过程划分为以下九个时期:第一苞原基形成期;第一次枝梗原基形成期;第二、三次枝梗原基形成期;小穗及颖花原基形成期;雌、雄蕊原基形成期;花粉母细胞形成期;花粉母细胞减数分裂期;花粉充实期;花粉成熟期。全过程历时约需42d.从抽穗到颖果成熟约需50d。糖蜜草的花序为圆锥花序。每花序有可育花2000—3000朵.小穗是由小穗轴、内外颖片、不育花外稃和小花构成。小花包括有内外稃各一片、一鳞被、雄蕊三枚和一枚雌蕊,颖果千粒重为91mg。 相似文献
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DISTRIBUTION OF AMINO ACIDS AND OF EXO- AND ENDOPEPTIDASES ALONG VERTEBRATE AND INVERTEBRATE NERVES 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Abstract— The proximo-distal gradients for representative peptidases, peptidylpeptide hydrolases, and amino acids were measured in segments of peripheral nerve from invertebrates and vertebrates and in the lobster brain and ventral cord.
Crustacean nerve was characterized by a large pool of free amino acids totaling 100–200 μmoles/g wet wt. In lobster nerve, the principal free amino acid was aspartic acid which comprised 55 per cent of the free pool, whereas in the rat sciatic nerve it comprised only 5 per cent. The principal free amino acid in rat sciatic nerve was taurine (32 per cent of the pool) and in lobster brain glycine comprised 30 per cent of the pool. No consistent patterns emerged for the gradients along the nerves for amino acids and hydrolytic enzymes. In the leg nerve of the lobster, concentrations of aspartic acid and arginine were higher in the proximal region, and concentrations of proline and alanine were higher in the distal region. Concentrations of most amino acids were higher in the proximal regions of crab nerve, of lobster brain and ventral cord, and of rat sciatic nerve.
Rat sciatic nerve exhibited a pronounced proximo-distal increase in activity of aminopeptidase (Leu-Gly-Gly). In lobster leg nerve, activity of neutral proteinase was higher in the proximal segment, whereas activity of acid proteinase was higher in the distal segment. The best examples of proximo-distal gradients were found in lobster brain and ventral cord; activities of endopeptidases, arylamidases (Leu- and Arg-βNA), and aminopeptidase were higher in the supra-esophageal ganglia or cephalothorax segments than in the distal regions. 相似文献
Crustacean nerve was characterized by a large pool of free amino acids totaling 100–200 μmoles/g wet wt. In lobster nerve, the principal free amino acid was aspartic acid which comprised 55 per cent of the free pool, whereas in the rat sciatic nerve it comprised only 5 per cent. The principal free amino acid in rat sciatic nerve was taurine (32 per cent of the pool) and in lobster brain glycine comprised 30 per cent of the pool. No consistent patterns emerged for the gradients along the nerves for amino acids and hydrolytic enzymes. In the leg nerve of the lobster, concentrations of aspartic acid and arginine were higher in the proximal region, and concentrations of proline and alanine were higher in the distal region. Concentrations of most amino acids were higher in the proximal regions of crab nerve, of lobster brain and ventral cord, and of rat sciatic nerve.
Rat sciatic nerve exhibited a pronounced proximo-distal increase in activity of aminopeptidase (Leu-Gly-Gly). In lobster leg nerve, activity of neutral proteinase was higher in the proximal segment, whereas activity of acid proteinase was higher in the distal segment. The best examples of proximo-distal gradients were found in lobster brain and ventral cord; activities of endopeptidases, arylamidases (Leu- and Arg-βNA), and aminopeptidase were higher in the supra-esophageal ganglia or cephalothorax segments than in the distal regions. 相似文献
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Norman H. Boke 《American journal of botany》1963,50(8):843-858
Boke, Norman H. (U. Oklahoma, Norman.) Anatomy and development of the flower and fruit of Pereskia pititache. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50 (8): 843–858. Illus. 1963.—Flowers of P. pititache are about 6 cm in diameter and perigynous. The receptacle bears numerous broad bracts; the inner perianth segments are orange and deeply cleft; the numerous stamens develop centrifugally. The fundamentally superior gynoecium is broad and flat and consists of 10–18 connate carpels, the fertile portions of which are involute and adnate to the conical floral axis. The 8–16 ovules in each of the pocket-like locules are borne in 2 rows along the zone of adnation; placentation is axile. The short style and the style branches are lined with stigmatic tissue, which extends downward among the ovules. There is no definite stigma. The tip of the floral axis retains its meristematic characteristics beyond anthesis. In early fruit development, the rim of the floral cup grows in height, while the residual floral axis becomes a conspicuous peg-like columella. Concomitantly, the formation of numerous mucilage cells and cavities causes the ovary partitions and parts of the ovary roof to disintegrate. As a result, the seeds are contained in a single, moat-like cavity, which appears inferior. Late fruit development is characterized by the differentiation of numerous fiber sclereids in association with the extensive and complex vascular system. 相似文献