中医药红细胞免疫强化作用的研究进展

近 10年来对红细胞免疫功能研究 ,证实红细胞免疫功能有清除免疫复合物 ,促进吞噬作用 ,识别抗原 ,提呈抗原 ,免疫调节。郭峰建立了简易的红细胞C3 b受体花环试验与红细胞免疫复合物花环试验 ,分别测定红细胞膜C3 b受体活性和红细胞膜上吸附免疫复合物的情况。红细胞的生成、发育及功能状态与中医脾、肾密切相关。中医“正邪斗争”就是红细胞免疫 ;中医辩证 ,就是红细胞识别抗原 ,提呈抗原 ;中药施治 ,就是红细胞清除循环免疫复合物 ,抗感染、抗病毒。中医药在肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病 (类风湿性关节炎、肾病综合症、I型糖尿病、牛皮癣 )艾滋病和肺气肿急性感染期等病治疗中 ,采用花环试验测定 ,结果显示RBC C3 bRR明显提高 ,RBC ICRR显著降低。能增强细胞免疫 ,促进淋巴细胞转化及E 玫瑰花环形成的中药很多 ,为提高红细胞免疫功能展现了广阔前景。至于血粘度和红细胞免疫的关系还有待进一步探讨。     

药物滥用者红细胞免疫功能的变化

通过检测红细胞C3b受体花环（RBC－C3bRR)、红细胞免疫复合物光环（RBC－ICR）、粘附增强因子活性（RFER）及抑制因子活性（RFIR）,观察了50例海洛因依赖者红细胞免疫功能的变化。结果表明,海洛因依赖者RBC－C3bRR、RFER明显下降（P＜0．01）,而RBC-ICR、RFIR则明显升高（P＜0．01）。本文对检测结果进行了初步探讨。     

高原鼠兔红细胞免疫功能的研究

本文应用免疫花环试验法测定了封闭群中高原鼠兔红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体和红细胞免疫复合物的花环率,并比较了不同年龄高原鼠兔红细胞的免疫功能。研究结果表明,高原鼠兔红细胞在自身免疫系统中具有重要的免疫功能;随年龄增长,其红细胞免疫功能逐渐减弱。与人、兔和大白鼠等动物相比,高原鼠兔红细胞免疫粘附活性高,因此适宜作红细胞免疫实验的动物模型。     

鸡红细胞免疫吸附性能与白细胞数量关系

应用红细胞C3b受体花环(G3b Receptor Rosette,G3bRR)和复合物花环(Immu Complex Rosette,ICR)试验证实鸡红细胞表面存在补体C3b受体(C3bR),表明红细胞免疫系统RCIS(Red Cell Immune System)的概念适用于这种动物;并且通过对鸡的白细胞的计数,证明了红细胞免疫吸附性能与白细胞数量之间存在一定的正相关性。     

中国药红细胞免疫强化作用的研究进展

近１０年来对红细胞免疫功能研究,证实红细胞免疫功能有清除免疫复合物,促进吞噬作用,识别抗原,提呈抗原,免疫调节。郭峰建立了简易的红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环试验与红细胞免疫复合物花环试验,分别测定红细胞膜Ｃ３ｂ受体活性和红细胞膜上吸附免疫复合物的情况。红细胞的生成、发育及功能状态与中医脾、肾密切相关。中医“正邪斗争”就是红细胞免疫;中医辩证,就是红细胞识别抗原,提呈抗原;中药施治,就是红细胞清除循环免疫复     

分枝杆菌L型感染与肺癌患者红细胞免疫功能改变的相关性

目的:研究分枝杆菌L型血行感染与肺癌患者红细胞免疫功能改变的相关性.方法:溶血离心培养法和滴片法检测血液中的分枝杆菌L型,常规方法测定红细胞沉降率(ESR)、红细胞C3b受体花环率(C3bRR)、免疫复合物花环率(ICRR)、血清红细胞C3b受体花环促进率(RFER)和抑制率(RFIR).结果:TBL( )与TBL(-)肺癌患者相比,C3bRR和ICRR两项指标均明显降低.TBL( )肺癌与TBL(-)肺癌患者相比,ESR增快更为显著.TBL(-)较TBL( )之RFER值的降低更为明显.RFIR差异未见有显著性.结论:分枝杆菌L型血行感染影响肺癌患者血沉和红细胞免疫功能改变.     

东北虎,云豹,金猫红细胞上C3b受体的测定

本文通过对健康的东北虎、云豹和金猫红细胞上C_(3b)受体和免疫复合物的检测,证实这三种动物的红细胞,除了具有免疫粘附,形成免疫复合物的花环(其花环率分别为7.00、6.50和5.67)外,还可通过其膜上的C_(3b)受体结合免疫复合物,形成C_(3b)受体的花环,其花环率分别为11.50、11.88和11.83。表明东北虎、云豹和金猫的红细胞具有较强的免疫功能。     

S.D和Wistar大鼠红细胞免疫功能测定

生命科学中药理、毒理和免疫学实验常用的大鼠有Ｓ．Ｄ和Ｗｉｓｔａｒ两个品种。其白细胞系统免疫功能状态已有报导,但关于红细胞免疫功能研究甚少。我们以红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体酵母花环率和红细胞免疫复合物花环率为指标,检测了该两个品种大鼠的红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体免疫粘附功...     

恒河猴红细胞免疫功能的研究

本文应用花环法测定了健康恒河猴红细胞上C_(3b)受体和免疫复合物的数量。恒河猴红细胞上C_(3b)受体花环率的数量为12.83±1.95％,免疫复合物花环率为6.37±1.25％。研究结果表明恒河猴的红细胞,除了具有携氧、运输气体等功能外,还具有重要的免疫功能。     

硫丹对小鼠红细胞免疫功能的影响

为了探讨有机氯农药硫丹对小鼠(Mus musculus)红细胞免疫功能的影响,设计了体内、外两组实验。体内实验:将40只小鼠随机分成4组,灌胃硫丹的量依次为:0、0.4、1.6、6.4mg/(kg·d)。灌胃25d后,取血测定红细胞的免疫功能。体外实验:将9只小鼠的红细胞分别与不同浓度的硫丹在体外培养,实验设空白对照组、溶剂丙酮组和4个不同浓度硫丹组,其6组实验所用硫丹的量依次为:0、0、5、10、20、40μg/ml。体外培养2h后,测定红细胞免疫粘附能力。结果表明,在活体实验中,随着硫丹浓度的增加,小鼠红细胞C3b受体花环率(ratio of C3b rosetting,C3bRR)明显下降,依硫丹灌胃浓度由低到高,其C3bRR依次为7.78%、6.80%、4.96%、4.33%;而循环免疫复合物花环率(ratio of immune complexes rosetting,ICRR)随着硫丹浓度升高而升高,分别为6.69%、6.31%、7.86%、9.42%。红细胞促NK细胞活性的功能在各组间没有显著差异。硫丹6.4mg/(kg·d)组小鼠红细胞对T淋巴细胞免疫粘附促进能力较其他3组明显降低。血浆中红细胞天然免疫促进因子活性在1.6mg/(kg·d)组和6.4mg/(kg·d)组较0mg/(kg·d)组明显降低。与溶剂丙酮组相比,血浆中红细胞天然免疫抑制因子活性在0.4mg/(kg·d)组明显下降,而在6.4mg/(kg·d)组却明显升高。离体红细胞经硫丹处理后其C3bRR显著降低,4个硫丹处理组依其浓度由低到高,C3bRR依次为:6.14%、5.56%、5.06%、4.44%;而ICRR却显著升高,分别为6.69%、6.31%、7.86%、9.42%。这表明,硫丹能抑制小鼠红细胞免疫粘附能力和红细胞对T淋巴细胞的正向调节功能,降低血浆中红细胞天然免疫促进因子活性,而对抑制因子活性影响比较复杂,低剂量时起抑制作用,而高剂量时能促进其活性。     

Structure and function of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase

In mammals, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) is the only known enzyme to catalyze the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to homocysteine and adenosine. AdoHcy is the product of all adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent biological transmethylations. These reactions have a wide range of products, and are common in all facets of biometabolism. As a product inhibitor, elevated levels of AdoHcy suppress AdoMet-dependent transmethylations. Thus, AdoHcyase is a regulator of biological transmethylation in general. The three-dimensional structure of AdoHcyase complexed with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH) and the inhibitor (1′R, 2′S, 3′R)-9-(2′,3′-dihyroxycyclopenten-1-yl)adenine (DHCeA) was solved by a combination of the crystallographic direct methods program, SnB, to determine the selenium atom substructure and by treating the multiwavelength anomalous diffraction data as a special case of multiple isomorphous replacement. The enzyme architecture resembles that observed for NAD-dependent dehydrogenases, with the catalytic domain and the cofactor binding domain each containing a modified Rossmann fold. The two domains form a deep active site cleft containing the cofactor and bound inhibitor molecule. A comparison of the inhibitor complex of the human enzyme and the structure of the rat enzyme, solved without inhibitor, suggests that a 17° rigid body movement of the catalytic domain occurs upon inhibitor/substrate binding.     

Land,livestock, and livelihoods: Changing dynamics of gender,caste, and ethnicity in a Nepalese Village

Over the past 10 years, Ghusel VDC, Lalitpur District has moved from primarily subsistence agriculture into the wider cash economy aided by the Small Farmers' Development Program (SFDP), which provides credit to farmers mainly for the purchase of buffalo for milk production, and by the National Dairy Corporation, which supports local dairy cooperatives. Analysis reveals that buffalo-keeping and milk sales are increasing the well-being of many households, while at the same time creating new inequalities in gender roles and responsibilities, greater inequities between Brahmin and Tamang residents in Ghusel, and placing pressures on the ecosystem for increased supplies of fodder and fuelwood. Evidence suggests that there is critical, need for attention to the social, and particularly gender-based, implications of maintaining livestock for milk sales and to the ecological underpinnings of this livelihood system.     

Tuning of electronic properties of one-dimensional cyano-bridged Cu-Ni, Cu-Pd, and Cu-Pt bimetallic assemblies by stereochemistry of ligands

Preparations, XPS and electronic spectroscopy, and magnetism of seven new one-dimensional cyano-bridged coordination polymers, chiral [Cu(RR-chxn)₂][Pd(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (1), [Cu(trans-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (2, 4, and 6 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt), and [Cu(cis-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (3, 5, and 7 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt) (RR-chxn = cyclohexane-(1R,2R)-diamine, trans-chxn = racemic trans-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine, and cis-chxn = racemic cis-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine) have been reported in view of tuning of their electronic properties by stereochemistry of chxn ligands and metal-substitution. Comparison of Cu 2p_1/2 and 2p_3/2 peaks of XPS and broad d-d bands around 18 000 cm⁻¹ of electronic spectra are described systematically for 1-7. Variable-temperature magnetic measurement shows that complexes 1-7 indicate weak antiferromagnetic interactions via cyano-bridges. Because of semi-coordination coupled with pseudo Jahn-Teller elongation and electrostatic interaction for 1, the axial Cu-N coordination bond distances of 2.330(7) and 3.092(8) Å are considerably longer than those of equatorial ones in the range from 2.016(6) to 2.030(6) Å. The former bond distances of 1 are intermediate values among the related Ni (2.324(6) and 3.120(8) Å) and Pt (2.34(1) and 3.09(1) Å) complexes.     

Influence of Fluoride on Rat Kidney Antioxidant System: Effects of Methionine and Vitamin E

The aim of the study has been to determine and compare the influence upon the kidney antioxidative system, exercised by administration of vitamin E, and vitamin E in combination with methionine, under conditions of oxidative stress induced by sodium fluoride. The experiment was carried out on Wistar FL rats (adult males) that, for 35 days, were administered water, NaF, NaF with vitamin E, or vitamin E with methionine (doses: 10 mg NaF/kg of body mass/24 h, 3 mg vitamin E per 10 μl per rat for 24 h, 2 mg methionine per rat for 24 h). The influence of administered sodium fluoride and antioxidants upon the antioxidative system in kidney was examined by analyzing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of the most important antioxidative enzymes (SOD, total and both its isoenzymes, GPX, GST, GR, and CAT). The studies carried out confirmed the disadvantageous effect of the administered dose of NaF upon the antixodiative system in rats (increase in the concentration MDA, decrease activity of all antioxidative enzymes). The administration of vitamin E increased the activity of studied enzymes with the exception of glutathione reductase GR; it also reduced the procesess of lipid peroxidation. It has been found that combined doses of vitamin E and methionine were most effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation processes. The results confirmed the antioxidative properties of methionine.     

Reorientation of Microfibrils and Microtubules at the Outer Epidermal Wall of Maize Coleoptiles During Auxin-Mediated Growth

Auxin-mediated elongation growth of isolated subapical coleoptile segments of maize (Zea mays L.) is controlled by the extensibility of the outer cell wall of the outer epidermis (Kutschera et al., 1987). Here we investigate the hypothesis that auxin controls the extensibility of this wall by changing the orientation of newly deposited microfibrils through a corresponding change in the orientation of cortical microtubules. On the basis of electron micrographs it is shown that cessation of growth after removal of the endogenous source of auxin is correlated with a relative increase of longitudinally orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. Conversely, reinduction of growth by exogenous auxin is correlated with a relative increase of transversely orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. These changes can be detected 30–60 min after the removal and addition of auxin, respectively. The functional significance of directional changes of newly desposited wall microfibrils for the control of elongation growth is discussed.     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对翡翠贻贝抗氧化酶及脂质过氧化水平的影响

实验室条件下,研究了不同浓度邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)长期胁迫(15 d)对翡翠贻贝内脏团和外套膜抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶CAT)及脂质过氧化(LPO)水平(以MDA含量表示)的影响,以及受胁迫翡翠贻贝在清洁海水中恢复阶段上述生化指标的变化特征.结果表明:胁迫阶段,0.5和2.5 mg.L-1DBP下翡翠贻贝内脏团SOD活性表现为先抑制后逐渐恢复,12.5和62.5 mg.L-1下则持续受到显著抑制;不同浓度组CAT活性均明显被抑制.LPO水平明显升高.外套膜中,2.5 mg.L-1下SOD活性受到持续诱导,其他浓度组则先被抑制,后随曝露时间延长逐渐被诱导;各浓度组CAT的变化波动较大,没有明显规律;而LPO水平明显升高.净化恢复阶段,12.5和62.5 mg.L-1DBP胁迫下的内脏团SOD和CAT活性恢复较慢,其LPO水平随时间延长逐渐恢复至对照组水平;外套膜中SOD活性呈持续升高趋势,CAT活性和LPO水平则随时间延长恢复到对照组水平.     

眶额叶微量注射谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸对胃运动的影响及其机制探讨

目的:研究眶额叶(OFC)的谷氨酸(Glu)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量变化对胃运动的影响及其调节神经机制。方法:实验采用了大鼠眶额叶微量注射给药,结合核团损毁的方法,以记录胃内压,统计胃收缩幅度作为胃运动变化的指标。结果:①OFC注射Glu可显著降低胃收缩幅度,损毁杏仁核后可反转该效应,胃收缩幅度显著增强;损毁蓝斑核后,Glu的作用无显著性变化。②OFC注射GABA可显著增强胃的收缩幅度,损毁蓝斑核后消除该效应;损毁杏仁核后,胃收缩幅度进一步增强。结论:外源性增加OFC区Glu含量导致的抑胃效应可能是通过增强了杏仁核的经常性抑胃作用而引起的;而增加OFC区GABA的含量引起的胃运动增强与蓝斑核密切相关。     

In vitro studies of the rabbit immune system. IV. Differential mitogen responses of isolated T and B cells.

The mitogenic responses of separated rabbit lymphocyte populations functionally analogous to mouse T and B cells have been tested in vitro. Purified T cells were prepared by passage over nylon wool (NW) and purified B cells prepared by treatment with antithymocyte serum and complement (ATS + C). ATS + C kills 70% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL's) and 50% of the spleen cells while passage over NW yields 40% of the applied PBL's and 5–23% of the applied spleen cells. NW-purified T cells from the spleen or PBL's respond fully to concanavalin A (Con A) but have a reduced response to phytohemaglutinin (PHA) and little or no response to goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (anti-Ig). PBL's that survive ATS + C (B cells) are stimulated by anti-Ig but not by Con A or PHA. B cells purified from spleen do not respond to Con A or PHA but will respond to anti-Ig under appropriate conditions. A full spleen B-cell response to anti-Ig required removal of Ig produced by the cultures that blocked anti-Ig stimulation. It is concluded that, for rabbit lymphocytes, Con A and PHA are primarily T-cell mitogens and that anti-Ig is primarily a B-cell mitogen. However, the mitogen response of unfractionated PBL or spleen cell populations indicates an overlap in reactivity. This could be due to cells sharing T and B properties, alteration of cell populations by the fractionation procedures used, or recruitment of one population in the presence of a mitogenic response of the other population.     

X-ray induction of dominant lethals in late spermatids and mature spermatozoa of Drosophila melanogaster: the role of oxygenation

The role of oxygenation in determining the sensitivity to the induction of dominant lethals was examined in late spermatids and mature spermatozoa of Drosophila melanogaster. 0–2-h-old or 7-day-old Oregon-K males were irradiated with different X-ray exposures in nitrogen, air or in oxygen and the frequencies of dominant lethals induced in these stages were studied. The results obtained confirm and extend Sobels' earlier observations and the interpretation derived therefrom namely, that under normal conditions in air, mature spermatozoa are characterised by a higher degree of oxygenation than late spermatids and this difference is sufficient to explain the differential response of these stages. Similar Oxygen-Enhancement-Ratios(OERs) (of about 2) were obtained for both the cell stages. The present data also revealed that late spermatids are significantly less sensitive than mature spermatozoa to the X-ray-induction of dominant lethals in a nitrogen atmosphere. A plausible mechanism is suggested to explain this observation.     

Comparison of the inhibitory potential towards carbonic anhydrase,acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase of chalcone and chalcone epoxide

Chalcones and chalcone epoxides are important synthetic intermediates in organic and medicinal chemistry. Chalcones possess a broad spectrum of biological activities; however, 1,3‐diphenyl‐2‐propenone or chalcone has not been given the attention it deserve as its substituted derivatives. In this study, the inhibition effects of chalcone and its epoxidated derivative chalcone epoxide against human carbonic anhydrase isozymes I and II (hCA I and hCA II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) were evaluated. The results obtained showed that both compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activity, with IC₅₀ values less than 10 µM. IC ₅₀ values in the submicromolar (hCA I and hCA II) to low micromolar range (AChE and BuChE) were observed for both compounds. The mechanism of inhibition and the inhibitory constants ( K _i values) for each compound were also determined. Furthermore, chalcone epoxide was docked within the active sites of hCA I, hCA II, AChE, and BuChE to explore its binding mode with the enzymes.