家蝇气味结合蛋白基因cDNA片段的克隆与序列分析

根据同源性设计特异性引物,采用RT-PCR方法扩增出了家蝇Musca domestica 2种气味结合蛋白基因cDNA片段,大小分别为381 bp和353 bp,分别命名为MdomOBP1(GenBank登录号：AY730350)和MdomOBP2(GenBank登录号：AY730351)。测序分析结果表明,它们具有气味结合蛋白的标志性结构域。对这2个片段推导的氨基酸序列进行同源性分析,结果表明两者与已报道的双翅目昆虫的气味结合蛋白的同源性分别达57%～88% 和52%～91%。     

西瓜八氢番茄红素合成酶基因片段的克隆和序列分析

以西瓜品种ZXG00152为材料,提取瓜瓤总RNA,进行反转录,依据植物八氢番茄红素合成酶(PSY)的氨基酸保守序列设计引物,以cDNA第一链为模板,扩增得到长约750 bp的cDNA片段。将该片段克隆到pMD19-T载体,测序结果表明该基因片段长748 bp,编码249个氨基酸,Blast搜索结果表明,由该片段推导出的氨基酸序列与其它植物的八氢番茄红素合成酶有较高的同源性,其中与甜瓜的一致性达到97.8%。该片段已在GenBank中登录(登录号:DQ494214)。     

杨树木质素合成酶c3h基因的克隆及其序列分析

根据CYP98A3(GenBank登录号为AY064170)cDNA序列保守区设计引物,从正在分化的2年生‘欧美杨107’次生木质部提取的总RNA经RT-PCR扩增出一基因片段,然后与pMD20-T载体连接。重组质粒经限制性内切酶酶切、特异引物PCR扩增和测序鉴定。结果表明,扩增片段长度为994bp,其中包含一个长为495bp的开放阅读框,编码的氨基酸序列(登录号为CAP47423)与NCBI中AY064170的CYP98A3编码氨基酸序列的相似性为91%,初步断定其为CYP98A3家族中的一员,其cNDA序列GenBank登录号为AM920690。参照国内外已发表的部分植物的c3h基因序列,构建了c3h的遗传进化树,分析了不同植物c3h的遗传进化关系。     

粉纹夜蛾类Cry1Ac受体氨肽酶NcDNA片段的克隆与分析

设计简并引物,采用RT-PCR方法对粉纹夜蛾Trichoplusia ni(Hubner)细胞系BTI-TN-5B1-4的氨肽酶N(aminopeptidase N,APN)基因cDNA片段进行了克隆和序列分析,通过两对引物扩增出了两种氨肽酶N基因的cDNA片段,大小分别为188 bp和564 bp,分别命名为AS188(GenBank登录号:CD809324)和AS564(GenBank登录号:CD809326).对这两个片段推导的氨基酸序列进行同源性分析,结果表明两者与已报道的鳞翅目昆虫中肠的Cry1Ac毒素受体氨肽酶N有较高的同源性.     

粉纹夜蛾类Cry1Ac受体氨肽酶N cDNA片段的克隆与分析

设计简并引物,采用RT-PCR方法对粉纹夜蛾Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)细胞系BTI-TN5B-4的氨肽酶N (aminopeptidase N, APN)基因cDNA片段进行了克隆和序列分析, 通过两对引物扩增出了两种氨肽酶N基因的cDNA片段, 大小分别为188 bp 和564 bp,分别命名为AS188（GenBank登录号: CD809324）和AS564（GenBank登录号: CD809326）。对这两个片段推导的氨基酸序列进行同源性分析, 结果表明两者与已报道的鳞翅目昆虫中肠的Cry1Ac 毒素受体氨肽酶N有较高的同源性。     

能源植物续随子延伸因子EF1A基因cDNA序列的克隆及分析

利用同源克隆和cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)克隆得到能源植物续随子延伸因子EFIA基因的cDNA序列(命名为ElEF1A,GenBank登录号为KT892703)。序列分析表明,ElEF1A编码序列(CDS)长1344bp,编码447个氨基酸,氨基酸序列具有典型的EF1-alpha、EF1-alpha-Ⅱ和EF1-alpha-Ⅲ结构域。ElEF1A与其他植物EF1A基因的核苷酸序列同源性达到88%以上,推导的氨基酸序列的同源性达95%以上。     

飞蝗热休克蛋白70cDNA片段的克隆和序列分析

采用R-PCR方法对海南、河北和辽宁3个飞蝗(Locusta migratoria L．)种群的热休克蛋白70(HSP70)基因cDNA片段进行克隆。在事先优化的条件下,通过简并性上游引物和下游引物扩增出了河北种群飞蝗HSP70基因的604bp cDNA片段(GenBank登录号为AY299637),推导的氨基酸序列包含201个氨基酸残基。分析表明,由飞蝗该片段推导的氨基酸序列与其他昆虫的同源性较高;3个种群该片段的核苷酸序列相似性更高达98．75％。由此推测,飞蝗种群间抗寒性的差异可能不是HSP70的序列变异引起的,而与HSP70的诱导表达有关。     

苦荞中查尔酮合成酶全长基因的克隆及其序列分析

选用乌克兰伊琳娜苦荞为试验材料,以从叶片中提取的RNA为模板,应用RACE技术结合CODEHOP引物设计方法成功克隆出苦荞中查尔酮合成酶cDNA序列后,将其序列电子合并其全长后设计基因全长特异性引物.以DNA为模板进行PCR扩增出基因序列.通过生物信息学分析表明,该基因金长为1 906 bp,具有一个463 bp的内含子序列,编码区长度为1188 bp,编码395个氨基酸.Blastn序列比对发现本试验所获得的CHS基因序列与相近物种Rheum palmatum(登录号:DQ205352.1)的CHS基因同源性达86％.将得到的序列命名为RaCHS并提交GenBank,登录号为HQ434624.应用Clustalxl.81和MEGA4软件构建系统进化树,并进行了同源性分析.     

杜氏盐藻RuBisCO小亚基基因的克隆和分析

根据莱菌衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)、团藻(Volvox carteri)、伞藻(Acetabularia cliftonii)等生物的1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶(RuBisCO)的小亚基rbcS基因氨基酸的高度保守序列,设计一对简并引物,进行RT-PCR.209 bp的PCR产物经测序分析及进行氨基酸序列同源性比对,表明克隆的序列为盐藻rbcS基因的cDNA片段.根据该序列信息,采用RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends) 方法扩增其5'上游未知区和3'下游未知区.5'RACE得到的cDNA长度为约300 bp,3'RACE得到的长度约380 bp.三段序列拼接后cDNA全长为878bp,其中开放读码框包括190个氨基酸.此cDNA序列,推导成氨基酸序列与已知物种的rbcS基因相比对,同源性分别为V.carteri 78%,C.reinhardtii 75%,A.cliftonii 67%,据此可推断所克隆的序列为盐藻RuBisCO的小亚基cDNA序列,GenBank收录号为AY739272.     

光皮桦中4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶基因Bl4CL的克隆和表达分析

以从光皮桦茎叶组织提取的mRNA为模板,根据其他已克隆到的阔叶类树种中4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4CL)基因的同源序列设计兼并引物,进行RT-PCR扩增,获得部分基因片段,然后结合5’,3’RACE方法从光皮桦中扩增出1个4CL基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为Bl4CL。该基因cDNA全长为1983bp(GenBank登录号FJ410448),具有完整的开放阅读框架(69～1697bp),编码蛋白为542个氨基酸,包含一个AMP结合功能域和一个含有12个氨基酸的功能基序。与其他植物中的4CL进行同源性比对的结果显示,Bl4CL蛋白与东北白桦的同源性最高,达到了98%。该基因在光皮桦的根和茎中表达量较高,而在花和叶中的表达量低。     

Embryo and Endosperm Function and Failure inSolanumSpecies and Hybrids

Although the importance of the endosperm as a food store inmany angiosperm seeds is well known, its significance duringearly embryogenesis has been neglected. In many interspecifichybrids, and in some other situations, embryos do not developfully and abort. It has often been stated that this is causedby the endosperm failing to conduct sufficient nutrients tothe embryo, but seldom has it been suggested that the endospermactively controls most of the early stages of morphogenesisof the embryo. Information gleaned from a broad survey of theliterature, combined with additional evidence presented here,obtained fromSolanum incanumand interspecific hybrids, indicatethat the endosperm is dynamic and very active in regulatingearly embryo development. This requires highly integrated geneticcontrol of rapidly changing metabolism in the endosperm. Ininterspecific hybrids, lack of coordination may cause unbalancedproduction of growth regulating substances by the endospermand hence abortion of the embryo, or even unregulated productionof nucleases and proteases resulting firstly in autolysis ofthe endosperm and then digestion of the embryo. The endospermmay thus serve to detect inappropriate hybridization of speciesor ploidy levels and so prevent waste of resources by producingseeds that would result in sterile hybrids or unthrifty subsequentgenerations. This discriminatory function of the endosperm hasdiminished during evolution and domestication of the crop plantSolanummelongenaL.Copyright 1998 Annals of Botany Company Solanum, embryo morphogenesis, endosperm, hybrid, seed development.     

环腺苷酸应答元件结合蛋白与学习记忆

环腺苷酸(cAMP)应答元件结合蛋白(cAMP response element binding protein,CREB)是一种核转录因子,可与cAMP反应元件结合,调节基因转录,具有调节精子生成,昼夜节律,学习记忆等功能.近年来关于其在学习记忆中的作用成为医学研究热点.CREB是神经元内多条信息传递途径的汇聚点,参与长时记忆形成和突触可塑性.长时记忆(long-term memory)形成需依赖CREB介导的基因转录,干扰或抑制CREB活性可破坏长时记忆.长时程增强(long-term potentiation,LTP)是研究学习记忆的理想模型,在LTP诱导和维持过程中均可观察到CREB活性持续升高.但增龄过程中,海马CREB活性下降,影响学习记忆功能,与许多神经退行性疾病发生有关.     

HIFs and tumors--causes and consequences

For most organisms oxygen is essential fo life. When oxygen levels drop below those required to maintain the minimum physiological oxygen requirement of an organism or tissue it is termed hypoxia. To counter act possible deleterious effects of such a state, an immediate molecular response is initiated causing adaptation responses aimed at cell survival. This response is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha- and a beta-subunit. HIF-1 alpha protein is stabilized under hypoxic conditions and therefore confers selectivity to this response. Hypoxia is characteristic of tumors, mainly because of impaired blood supply resulting from abnormal growth. Over the past few years enormous progress has been made in the attempt to understand how the activation of the physiological response to hypoxia influences neoplastic growth. In this review some aspects of HIF-1 pathway activation in tumors and the consequences for pathophysiology and treatment of neoplasia are discussed.     

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics and Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics. Margaret Lock and Patricia A. Kaufert. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xii +364 pp.
Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific. Kalpana Ram and Margaret Jolly. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xiv. 305 pp.