白粉菌属一新种——南非金钟花白粉菌

寄生于南非金钟花（PhygeliuscapensisE.May）上的白粉菌属新种:南非金钟花白粉菌ErysiphephygeliiWangetZhangsp.nov.。模式标本分别保存于云南农业大学植病所真菌标本室（MHYAU）和中科院微生物所真菌标本室（HMAS）。     

白粉菌属一新种——南非金钟花白粉菌

寄生于南非金钟花上的白粉菌属新种：南非金钟花白粉菌Ｅｒｙｓｉｐｈｅ ｐｈｙｇｅｌｌｉ Ｗａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｚｈａｎｇ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本分别保存于云南农业大学植病所真菌标本室（ＭＨＹＡＵ）和中科院微生物所真菌标本室（ＨＭＡＳ）。     

白粉菌属一新种

报道了寄生在人参（ＰａｎａｘｇｉｎｓｅｎｇＭｅｙｅｒ）上的白粉菌属一新种：人参白粉菌（ＥｒｙｓｉｐｈｅｐａｎａｃｉｓＲ．Ｌ．Ｂａｉ．ｅｔＷ．Ｃ．Ｌｉｕｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）,此为白粉菌有性型在五加科（Ａｒａｌｉ ａｃｅａｅ）植物上寄生的首次记载。模式标本存放在解放军农牧大学真菌标本室     

白粉菌属一新种

报道了寄生在人参上的白粉菌属一新种;人参白粉菌,此为白粉菌有性型在五加和植物上寄生的首次记载。模式标本存入在解放军农牧大学真菌标本室。     

金银忍冬白粉菌及其重寄生菌的报道

通过对来自中国青岛金银忍冬的调查,发现一中国新记录种——金银忍冬白粉菌(Erysiphe caprifoli-acearum var. caprifoliacearum)并在其上首次发现重寄生菌——白粉寄生孢(Ampelomyces quisqualis)。根据采集的材料对其进行了详细的形态描述和显微拍照。研究标本保存于青岛农业大学真菌标本室(HMQAU)。     

中国白粉菌的四个新记录分类群

报道了中国白粉菌科Erysiphaceae的四个新记录分类群,即:寄生于大刺儿菜上的梅厄白粉菌日本变种Erysiphemayoriivar.japonica,寄生于铺地委陵菜上的瑟门白粉菌Erysiphethuemenii,寄生于美女樱上的马鞭草高氏白粉菌Golovinomycesverbenae以及寄生于牻牛儿苗和老鹳草属上的老鹳草新白粉菌Neoerysiphegeranii。研究标本保存在赤峰学院菌物标本室(CFSZ)。     

《内蒙古白粉菌志》增补与修订

随着野外调查和分子系统学研究的深入,白粉菌物种多样性明显增加。根据最新研究成果对《内蒙古白粉菌志》进行了补充和修订,提供了新修订的内蒙古白粉菌名录。确认了内蒙古白粉菌科10属157种和变种,寄主植物达63科238属540余种。列出了145种内蒙古白粉菌寄主新记录及其产地和标本号等信息,以及从复合种分出的种的寄主名称。报道了白粉菌中国新记录种5个,内蒙古新记录种3个,并提供了详细的形态描述和线条图。研究标本保存于赤峰学院菌物标本室（CFSZ）。     

白粉菌的两个新种

本文描述采自四川省的白粉菌的两个新分类单位。它们是寄生于省沽油科野鸦椿上的新种野鸦钩丝壳(Uncinula euscaphidis Xie sp.nov.)和大风子科山梧桐上的新种山桐子钩丝壳(Uncinula idesiae Xie sp.nov.)。省沽油科和大风子科是钩丝壳属白粉菌寄主科的世界新记录。模式标本存放于南充师范学院生物系植物标本室。     

内蒙古白粉菌4个新记录种

报道了内蒙古白粉菌4个新记录种,分别是寄生在白桦Betula platyphylla上的桦木白粉菌Erysiphe betulina、大果榆Ulmus macrocarpa上的榆白粉菌原变种Erysiphe ulmi var.ulmi、刺果茶藨Ribes burejense上的醋栗单囊白粉菌Podosphaera mors-uvae和栾树Koelreuteria paniculata上的栾树叉钩丝壳Sawadaea koelreuteriae。其中,白桦Betula platyphylla和刺果茶藨子Ribes burejense为上述白粉菌的国内新记录寄主,文中提供了详细的形态描述和线条图。引证标本保存在赤峰学院菌物标本室(CFSZ)。     

武夷山白粉菌新种

本文描述了武夷山白粉菌的3个新分类单位。它们是寄生于大戟科连氏野桐上的新种野桐白粉菌(Erysiphe malloti sp.nov.),忍冬科白马桑上的新种锦带花白粉菌(Erysipheweigelae sp.nov.),以及绣球科圆锥绣球上的新种绣球钩丝壳(Uncinula hydrangeae sp.nov.)。绣球科是钩丝壳属真菌寄主科的世界新纪录。新种均有汉文和拉丁文描述以及建立新种的讨论。     

New Materials of Eriocaulon L. from China

This paper consists of a part of pertinent data obtained through a critical study of Eriocaulaceae from China. Included in it are three new series: Leiantha, Robustiora and Mangshanensia; seven new species: Eriocaulon acutibracteatum, E. angustulum, E. bilobatum, E. leianthum, E. sclerophyllum, E. glabri-petalum and E. mangshanense; five new varieties: E. rockianum var. latifolium, E. merrillii var. longibracteatum, E. sikokianum var. Linanense, E. alpestre var. sichanense and E. nantoense var. micropetalum; two new combinations: E. yaoshanense var. brevicalyx; E. nantoense var. parviceps; three new records in China: E. brownianum, E.brownianum var.nilagirense, E. zollingerianum; five: E. henryanum, E.pullum, E. yaoshanense, E. taishanense and E.faberi. In addition, fifteen taxon names are newly reduced to synonyms: E. yunnanense=E. brownianum; E. longifolium, E. sexangulare var. longifolium, E. sinii, E. kwangtungense and E. willdinovianum = E. sexangulare; E. setaceum var. capillus-naiadis= E. setaceum; E. filifolium = E. yaoshanense; E. suishaense, E. merrillii var. suishaense=E.merrillii; E. kengii=E.sikokianum; E. whangii=E.buergerianum; E. nipponicum, E. decemflorum var. nipponicum= E. decemflorum and E. nantoense var.trisectum = E. nantoense var.parviceps.     

Nineteen new species of Elaphoglossum (Elaphoglossaceae, Pteridophyta) from Bolivia

We describe and illustrate 19 new species ofElaphoglossum from Bolivia:E. ayopayaense, E. carrascoense, E. choquetangae, E. cotapatense, E. crispipalea, E. cruzense, E. elkeae, E. ellenbergianum, E. gonzalesiae, E. inquisitivum, E. madidiense, E. murinum, E. neei, E. palmarum, E. pannosum, E. paucinervium, E. puberulentum, E. pulchrum, andE. sunduei.     

中国人群(京津地区)载脂蛋白E基因多态性和表型分布的研究

本文利用作者建立的密度梯度超速离心分离VLDL的新方法和分析等电聚焦电泳,测定了95例中国人Apo-E基因多态性和其表型分布以及血脂水平。所得表型分布趋势与国外报告一致:E_3/E_3频率最高,E_3/E_2和E_3/E_4次之,E_4/E_4,E_4/E_2和E_2/E_2最低。同对发现中国人群的E_3/E_3表型百分分布明显高于西方人群,但未发现有E_2/E_2表型。我国人群Apo-E表型分布的这种特征可能与中国人群冠心病的患病率较西方人群为低有关。血清脂质测定和分析表明,具有不同表型人群的血脂水平无显著的统计学差异。     

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in Saudis

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotypes were determined in 165 Saudis. The prevalence of genotype, E3/E3, E3/E4 and E4/E4 was found to be 71, 27 and 2% respectively. The E3/E3 was the most prevalent genotype among the Saudis followed by E3/E4. However, other genotypes E2/E2, E2/E3 and E2/E4 were absent showing the absence of E2 allele in the test population. The high frequencies of the E3 allele (0.845) and E3/E3 genotype (0.71) and absence of E2 allele in Saudis under study are similar to those reported earlier for Native Americans, Mexican-Americans, Mayans, Cayapa, Mazatecan Indians and Mexican Mestizos populations.     

New species of Elaphoglossum (Elaphoglossaceae) from northern South America

The fern genusElaphoglossum is well-represented in the Venezuelan pteridoflora with 98 species. Careful observation of the indument of rhizome and blade is necessary to distinguish the taxa. Thirty-three species and one variety are here describe as new:E. anceps, E. appressum, E. atrorubens, E. atrosquamatum, E. chrysopogon, E. crispatum var.crispatum, E. crispatum var.beitelii, E. delicatulum, E. dolichopus, E. drewianum, E. eriopus, E. floccosum, E. grallator, E. hieracioides, E. incubus, E. luteynii, E. maguirei, E. nigrocostatum, E. obovatum, E. ornithoglossum, E. ortegae, E. pilosius, E. praetermissum, E. stenoglossum, E. stergiossi, E. steyermarkii, E. styriacum, E. succubus, E. tachirense, E. tantalinum, E. urophyllum, E. vanderwerffii, E. vareschianum, andE. variolatum.     

Organization of the cores of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex formed by E2 and E2 plus the E3-binding protein and their capacities to bind the E1 and E3 components

The subunits of the dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase (E2) component of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex can form a 60-mer via association of the C-terminal I domain of E2 at the vertices of a dodecahedron. Exterior to this inner core structure, E2 has a pyruvate dehydrogenase component (E1)-binding domain followed by two lipoyl domains, all connected by mobile linker regions. The assembled core structure of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex also includes the dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3)-binding protein (E3BP) that binds the I domain of E2 by its C-terminal I' domain. E3BP similarly has linker regions connecting an E3-binding domain and a lipoyl domain. The composition of E2.E3BP was thought to be 60 E2 plus approximately 12 E3BP. We have prepared homogenous human components. E2 and E2.E3BP have s(20,w) values of 36 S and 31.8 S, respectively. Equilibrium sedimentation and small angle x-ray scattering studies indicate that E2.E3BP has lower total mass than E2, and small angle x-ray scattering showed that E3 binds to E2.E3BP outside the central dodecahedron. In the presence of saturating levels of E1, E2 bound approximately 60 E1 and maximally sedimented 64.4 +/- 1.5 S faster than E2, whereas E1-saturated E2.E3BP maximally sedimented 49.5 +/- 1.4 S faster than E2.E3BP. Based on the impact on sedimentation rates by bound E1, we estimate fewer E1 (approximately 12) were bound by E2.E3BP than by E2. The findings of a smaller E2.E3BP mass and a lower capacity to bind E1 support the smaller E3BP substituting for E2 subunits rather than adding to the 60-mer. We describe a substitution model in which 12 I' domains of E3BP replace 12 I domains of E2 by forming 6 dimer edges that are symmetrically located in the dodecahedron structure. Twelve E3 dimers were bound per E248.E3BP12 mass, which is consistent with this model.     

Purification and application of bacterially expressed chimeric protein E1E2 of hepatitis C virus

E1 and E2 glycoproteins are structural components of hepatitis C virus (HCV) virion. They are involved in cellular receptors interaction, neutralising antibodies elicitation, and viral morphogenesis. They are considered as major candidates for anti-HCV vaccine. In this report, we first expressed tandem E1E2 as well as C-terminally truncated E1 fragment and C-terminally truncated E2 fragment, respectively, in Escherichia coli cells and the proteins were purified to homogenesis. All the purified proteins can react specifically with patient sera. Both purified chimeric protein E1E2 and protein E2 can interact with a putative cellular receptor CD81, while purified protein E1 cannot interact with CD81. The sera of rabbit immunized with the E1E2 inhibited the binding of E2 protein to the major extracellular loop of human CD81 and reacted with both proteins E1 and E2, respectively. Anti-E1 and E2 antibodies can be generated simultaneously in the rabbit immunized with the E1E2, and the titers of antibodies were 63 or 56% higher than the titers induced by E1 or E2 alone, respectively. The results suggest that E1 and E2 can enhance their immunogenicity each other in chimeric protein E1E2 and the E. coli-derived chimeric protein E1E2 and corresponding antisera can be used as an useful tools in anti-HCV vaccine research.     

Structural bases for the specific interactions between the E2 and E3 components of the Thermus thermophilus 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes

Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase (BCDH) and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) are multienzyme complexes that play crucial roles in several common metabolic pathways. These enzymes belong to a family of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes that contain multiple copies of three different components (E1, E2 and E3). For the Thermus thermophilus enzymes, depending on its substrate specificity (pyruvate, branched-chain 2-oxo acid or 2-oxoglutarate), each complex has distinctive E1 (E1p, E1b or E1o) and E2 (E2p, E2b or E2o) components and one of the two possible E3 components (E3b and E3o). (The suffixes, p, b and o identify their respective enzymes, PDH, BCDH and OGDH.) Our biochemical characterization demonstrates that only three specific E3*E2 complexes can form (E3b*E2p, E3b*E2b and E3o*E2o). X-ray analyses of complexes formed between the E3 components and the peripheral subunit-binding domains (PSBDs), derived from the corresponding E2-binding partners, reveal that E3b interacts with E2p and E2b in essentially the same manner as observed for Geobacillus stearothermophilus E3*E2p, whereas E3o interacts with E2o in a novel fashion. The buried intermolecular surfaces of the E3b*PSBDp/b and E3o*PSBDo complexes differ in size, shape and charge distribution and thus, these differences presumably confer the binding specificities for the complexes.     

阿勒泰黄芪提取物对蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶1B的抑制作用

本文探讨了阿勒泰黄芪不同提取物对蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶1B(PTP1B)的抑制作用.采用分光光度法测定了提取物中的黄酮和皂苷含量;通过体外酶促动力学方法检测了不同提取物对PTP1B的影响,并确定了抑制类型;并采用氧化酶法检测了阿勒泰黄芪提取物对细胞利用葡萄糖能力的作用.结果表明,阿勒泰黄芪8种提取物(E1 ～8)中黄酮含量分别为5.09、10.46、3.58、3.23、53.91、21.77、5.76和7.49 mg/mL,其中E1、E2、E6、E7、E8皂苷含量分别为16.53、27.45、21.90、10.21和8.96 mg/mL;各提取物对PTP1B活性均表现出抑制作用,其中E1、E2、E7、E8的IC50分别为34.8、4.7、7.35和7.15 μg/mL,E1、E7和E8是竞争性抑制,E2是混合型竞争性抑制.E1、E2、E5、E7和E8较明显的提高了CHO-K1细胞对葡萄糖的利用.提示皂苷可能是阿勒泰黄芪抑制PTP1B活性的主要物质,通过PTP1B途径有效了提高细胞利用葡萄糖的能力.本研究为阿勒泰黄芪开发为防治糖尿病及改善胰岛素抵抗的药物或保健品提供实验依据.     

Identification of enterococci at the species level by sequencing of the genes for D-alanine:D-alanine ligases

A PCR assay based on the use of degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotides allowed characterization of a fragment internal to the ddl genes encoding D-alanine:D-alanine ligases in Enterococcus columbae, E. durans, E. malodoratus, E. mundtii, E. raffinosus, E. seriolicida, E. solitarius, and E. sulfureus. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence of the amplification products and of those already obtained from E. aviuni, E. casseliflavus, E. cecorum, E. dispar, E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. flavescens, E. gallinarurm, E. hirae, E. pseudoavium, and E. saccharolvticus yielded an evolutionary tree with a topology similar to that based on 16S rRNA sequences. Partial sequencing of the ddl gene can therefore be used for genotypic identification of Enterococcus spp.