花生种子的磁处理对其萌发及幼苗生长的影响

本试验着重研究了用交、直流磁场对花生种子进行处理后,在种子萌发及幼苗生长过程中产生的影响。结果表明,一定强度的交流或直流磁场对种子的萌发及幼苗生长有一定的促进作用。处理过的种子存放一年后,磁场对种子萌发的作用依然存在。     

不同处理对黄精种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

目的：探究不同处理对黄精种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响，完善黄精种子有性繁育技术体系。方法：采用不同pH值的缓冲溶液、不同外源激素溶液和不同种子包衣剂，分别处理黄精种子，综合测定分析各处理对黄精种子萌发和幼苗生长影响。结果：酸性环境pH(4～6)中黄精种子的发芽势、发芽率、初生小球茎直径、须根数均高于碱性环境pH(8～10)。不同外源激素对黄精种子萌发和幼苗生长均有显著的促进作用。其中，6-BA处理组黄精种子的发芽势最高为20.00%,ABA处理组黄精种子的发芽率最高为44.00%，幼苗初生小球茎直径和须根数由高至低依次均为：ABA> 6-BA> GA₃> 2,4-D。不同包衣剂对黄精种子萌发和幼苗生长均有一定的抑制作用，其中SLS处理组对黄精种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用最弱，且与CK组无显著差异(P <0.05)。综合评分表明，对黄精种子萌发和幼苗生长促进作用较强的处理组分别为：pH4处理组、ABA处理组和SLS处理组。结论：酸性土壤环境有利于黄精种子萌发和幼苗生长，100 mg/L ABA溶液可以显著促进黄精种子萌发和幼苗生长，SLS包衣剂可...     

湿式氧化处理的污泥对小麦种子的萌发及幼苗生长效应的研究

通过盆栽实验研究污泥湿式氧化处理后对小麦种子的萌发情况及幼苗生长的生理生化指标和对重金属吸收的影响。结果表明施用湿式氧化处理后的污泥,能够显著促进小麦种子的萌发和幼苗的生长,且小麦中重金属Cu、Zn的含量均未超过国家食品卫生标准范围内。     

不同磁处理对芍药种子萌发的影响

目的:研究磁场对芍药种子萌发的影响.方法:采用均匀电磁场分不同的处理强度和处理时间分别磁处理野生芍药种子和栽培芍药种子,种子磁处理后在培养皿中催芽,2个月后统计种子胚根萌发率和胚芽萌发率.结果:3000Gs的磁场处理1.5h能提高野生芍药种子胚芽萌发率和栽培芍药种子胚根萌发率,对于栽培芍药种子4000 Gs的磁场处理2h能够促进胚根和胚芽萌发.结论:一定强度的磁场能打破芍药种子休眠,促进种子的萌发.     

磁处理对种子萌发生物效应研究进展

大量研究证实, 外加磁场和磁化水具有生物学效应, 这种生物学效应往往因处理方式、处理时间和处理对象的不同而异。磁处理可以促进种子萌发、幼苗生长和根系伸长等。该文针对磁化水和外在磁场及其在种子萌发方面产生的生物效应的研究现状进行综述, 以磁处理对种子吸水过程、呼吸强度、种子内部生理活性物质及相关代谢酶的影响等方面为切入点, 结合自由基理论和电位差与信号转导理论, 重点分析磁处理对植物种子萌发的作用机理, 以期促进磁处理在农业领域的应用和发展。     

长白山暗针叶林苔藓植物对三种针叶树种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

研究了长白山暗针叶林两种主要地面苔藓植物——塔藓和拟垂枝藓对红松、红皮云杉和落叶松种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,在一定浓度下,塔藓浸提液抑制红松发芽,拟垂枝藓浸提液促进红松发芽;苔藓浸提液对红皮云杉和落叶松的发芽率没有显著影响,但不同程度地加快了种子日萌发高峰的出现.用苔藓植物体直接培养红皮云杉和落叶松种子,发现活植物体量大时对发芽率没有显著影响,但延迟了红皮云杉种子萌发高峰的出现,加速了落叶松种子萌发高峰的出现;杀青后的苔藓植物体则明显地抑制种子发芽.通过幼苗培养实验,发现苔藓植物浸提液抑制红皮云杉和红松幼苗生长,但促进了落叶松幼苗的生长;不同处理的苔藓植物体对幼苗生长的影响差异较大,活植物体量大时,两种苔藓均促进了红皮云杉和落叶松幼苗生长,而杀青后植物体则明显地抑制幼苗生长.     

薯蓣皂素对油菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

薯蓣皂素对油菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的作用随处理浓度的不同而有差别。0．5mg／L对种子萌发和幼苗生长有明显的促进作用,处理后的油菜幼苗下胚轴伸长,干鲜重增加,并且子叶中可溶性蛋白、可溶性总糖、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶、Ca2 -ATP酶的活性都高于对照,这表明适度的薯蓣皂素有利于油菜生长和代谢。     

加快棕种子萌发和幼苗生长的研究

棕种子萌发和幼苗生长十分缓慢 ,为了探索加快种子萌发和幼苗生长的方法 ,对棕种子进行不同处理、不同时间催芽和催芽后不同处理等试验 ,结果表明 :(1)生长调节剂 3号 ABT生根粉、吲哚丁酸和 2 ,4 - D可提高种子萌发率 ,促进幼苗生长。 (2 )播种前催芽可促使种子提前萌发 ,延长幼苗生长期 ,使当年生苗更粗壮 ;贮藏 3个月后催芽可提高 10 %～ 15%的发芽率。 (3)催芽后用 50 mg/ L和 10 0 mg/ L的 3号 ABT生根粉、或者 10 0 mg/ L的萘乙酸浸泡都可以提高幼苗出土率 ,但对幼苗生长没有明显影响。     

水淹和不同贮藏方法对中华蚊母树种子萌发及其生理特征和幼苗生长活力的影响

以中华蚊母树(Distylium chinense)种子为材料,分别设置4个贮藏时间(0、30、60和90d),以及2m水淹(FSW)、低温沙藏(CSS)、低温干藏(CDS)、室温沙藏(RSS)、室温干藏(RDS)和低温层积(CSF)6个贮藏方式对种子进行贮藏实验,并测定分析各处理种子的萌发特性及其幼苗生长状况,明确不同储藏方式和时间对中华蚊母树种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:(1)CSF处理30d后,中华蚊母树的种子有65.37%发生霉烂,最后萌发种子数为贮藏种子的30.93%;FSW处理90d的种子的萌发率为35.67%。(2)室内贮藏90d后,CSS、CDS、RSS和RDS处理的种子萌发率较新鲜种子萌发率(26.37%)显著增大,并以4℃下CDS处理90d的种子萌发率最大(70.65%),萌发速率系数为1 956.97。(3)CDS处理90d的种子淀粉和蛋白质含量较新鲜种子分别降低了38.75%和20.16%,而可溶性糖含量增加了31.47%;FSW处理后的种子淀粉、蛋白质及可溶性糖含量均较新鲜种子显著降低,降幅分别为48.75%、62.62%和6.29%。(4)不同贮藏方式贮藏90d后,各处理间中华蚊母树幼苗的生长活力表现出显著差异,并以CDS处理的幼苗活力最高,而FSW处理的种子萌发后幼苗的活力显著低于其他贮藏方式。研究表明,低温条件下中华蚊母树种子萌发率及幼苗活力显著高于室温贮藏,可能是在低温贮藏条件下种子的贮藏物质由淀粉水解为可溶性糖,更利于种子吸收并为种子萌发提供了能量,从而加快了破除种子生理休眠的进程,而且中华蚊母树种子对水淹有一定的耐受性,故中华蚊母树可以作为三峡水库消落带高海拔区域植被恢复与重建优先考虑的物种。     

葡萄糖对干旱胁迫下小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的调节作用

干旱胁迫会抑制小麦种子的萌发及生长,20%聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫的同时施以不同浓度的外源葡萄糖处理小麦种子,探讨外源葡萄糖对干旱胁迫下小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。14 h光照/10 h黑暗的光周期培养条件下,较低浓度的葡萄糖(0.02 mmol/L和0.05 mmol/L)促进了干旱胁迫下小麦种子的萌发及幼苗生长,但较高浓度的葡萄糖(0.1 mmol/L,0.2 mmol/L及0.5 mmol/L)加强了干旱胁迫对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制效应;而在黑暗条件下培养,葡萄糖的上述调节作用消失。以上结果说明葡萄糖对干旱胁迫下小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的调节作用具有浓度效应,并且依赖于光。     

Effect of sodium cyanide on germination of two leguminous seeds

Summary The effect of aqueous sodium cyanide has been studied on germination ofC. ternatea andR. minima seeds. The suitable concentration of this chemical accelerates imbibition, germination, and promotes the early growth of the seedlings. The best result is obtained by soaking the seeds for 24 hours in a solution of 100 ppm of sodium cyanide. As concentrations are increased the inhibitory effect becames more and more pronounced leading to the eventual suppression of normal germination and growth of the seeds. The mean germination time of the seeds, treated with effective and critical concentrations of the chemical, is decreased. Light and temperature conditions do not influence the chemical effect on the seeds.     

Characteristics of low frequency magnetic field effect on swelling of wheat seeds at various stages]

Low-frequency magnetic field treatment (50 Hz, 30 mT, 15 min) of wheat seeds with a 50% germination efficiency during imbibition at the stage of root formation leads to a statistically significant increase in the number of seeds having sprouts, a still greater increase in the number of seeds having roots, and to an increase in the length of sprouts compared with the control and the seeds treated several hours later. In the last case, an increase in the germinating capacity with a considerably lesser effect on the number of seeds with roots was also observed. Prolonged treatment with the field during the second day of imbibition decreased reliably the length of sprouts with a weaker influence on the number of seeds with sprouts and roots. These data suggest the principal possibility of the effect of electromagnetic fields on the realization of the genetic program during the germination of wheat seeds.     

Effects of plant aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf. on sorghum seed germination and it efficacy in controlling Phoma sorghina (Sacc.) Boerema Dorenbosh and Van Kesteren transmission from naturally infected seed to sorghum plant organs and grains in field

The effect of aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citratus on sorghum seed germination and its efficacy against Phoma sorghina transmission to sorghum vegetative organs and seed were studied in field conditions in 2008–2010. During these years, we also examined the effect of panicle protection on the reduction of P. sorghina infection. The aqueous extract of C. citratus lowers sorghum seed germination compared to untreated seeds, seeds treated with water and those treated with fungicide calthio C. P. sorghina is transmitted to the whole vegetative organs and seed of all the treatments. However, the aqueous extract of C. citratus significantly reduces the transmission of P. sorghina compared to untreated seeds, to seeds treated with water and those treated with fungicide. The protection of sorghum panicles before flowering limits the infection by P. sorghina compared to the panicles not protected.     

Pre-treatment of seeds with static magnetic field ameliorates soil water stress in seedlings of maize (Zea mays L.)

The effect of magnetic field (MF) treatments of maize (Zea mays L.) var. Ganga Safed 2 seeds on the growth, leaf water status, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme system under soil water stress was investigated under greenhouse conditions. The seeds were exposed to static MFs of 100 and 200 mT for 2 and 1 h, respectively. The treated seeds were sown in sand beds for seven days and transplanted in pots that were maintained at -0.03, -0.2 and -0.4 MPa soil water potentials under greenhouse conditions. MF exposure of seeds significantly enhanced all growth parameters, compared to the control seedlings. The significant increase in root parameters in seedlings from magnetically-exposed seeds resulted in maintenance of better leaf water status in terms of increase in leaf water potential, turgor potential and relative water content. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content increased in plants from treated seeds, compared to control under irrigated and mild stress condition. Leaves from plants of magnetically-treated seeds showed decreased levels of hydrogen peroxide and antioxidant defense system enzymes (peroxidases, catalase and superoxide dismutase) under moisture stress conditions, when compared with untreated controls. Mild stress of -0.2 MPa induced a stimulating effect on functional root parameters, especially in 200 mT treated seedlings which can be exploited profitably for rain fed conditions. Our results suggested that MF treatment (100 mT for 2 h and 200 for 1 h) of maize seeds enhanced the seedling growth, leaf water status, photosynthesis rate and lowered the antioxidant defense system of seedlings under soil water stress. Thus, pre sowing static magnetic field treatment of seeds can be effectively used for improving growth under water stress.     

高压静电场对甜菜种子生物学效应作用机理的分析

选用甜菜种子为代表,通过实验室生理生化测定及现代物理仪器测定(以顺磁共振波谱技术测定自由基含量;以液闪仪单光子监测装置测定超弱发光强度)等方法来分析静电场对农作物种子生物效应的作用机理。实验结果表明:一定剂量的静电场能提高甜菜种子的发芽率、呼吸强度、自由基含量及超弱发光强度。通过分析实验结果,提出电场对农作物生物效应的作用机理:静电场是通过作用于种子体内的水分子来提高种子内的自由基含量而提高种子的超弱发光强度及生物膜的透性进而影响种子的生命活动的。     

The role of the seed coat in adaptation of dimorphic seeds of the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa to salinity

The role of the seed coat in adaptation of dimorphic seeds of the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa to salinity was investigated during germination and early seedling growth. Black and brown seeds were treated with chloroform for 1 min before the extract was used to analyze waxes and the seeds to investigate the protective role of the seed coat under saline conditions. Waxes in black seed coats were more abundant than those in brown seed coats. Salinity (500 mM NaCl) increased the concentration of Na⁺ and decreased the concentration of K⁺ in both black and brown seeds regardless of chloroform treatment. Chloroform treatment alone (in the absence of NaCl) had no effect on the concentration of Na⁺ or K⁺ in black or brown seeds and in the presence of 500 mM NaCl had no effect on the concentration of Na⁺ or K⁺ in brown seeds. However, chloroform treatment increased Na⁺ and decreased K⁺ in black seeds with 500 mM NaCl. A change of MDA (malondialdehyde) concentration in black and brown seeds treated with or without chloroform was similar to the change of Na⁺ concentration. High salinity (1500 mM NaCl) pretreatment for 40 days had a less adverse effect on germination of black seeds compared with brown seeds after they were transferred to fresh water regardless of chloroform treatment. Similar results were found for seedling emergence. In conclusion, a black seed coat may be more protective than a brown seed coat, probably by shielding the embryo from ion toxicity, because of its higher content of waxes. Thus black seeds can better maintain seed viability than brown seeds for extended periods under hypersaline conditions.     

NaCl胁迫下外源NO供体硝普钠（SNP）对盐地碱蓬种子萌发的影响

用添加与不添加0．1mm01．L^-1NO供体硝普钠（sNP）的800mmol．L^-1NaCl溶液处理盐地碱蓬种子后,800mmol·L^-1NaCl处理下盐地碱蓬种子的萌发率、含水量和吸水速率显著增加,胚中脯氨酸的含量降低,但对Na^＋、K^＋和可溶性糖含量无显著影响。表明0．1mmol．L^-1SNP缓解800mmol．L^-1NaCl对盐地碱蓬种子萌发抑制的主要原因是盐地碱蓬种子含水量的提高,从而缓解了盐的渗透胁迫。     

Myo-inositol induced growth in ethyl methanesulphonate treated tobacco

Summary Tobacco seeds treated with ethyl methanesulphonate produces mutations as well as physiological growth debility. The addition of myo-inositol to seeds undergoing mutagenic treatment stimulated growth and increased survival of subsequent plants with negligible effect on the mutation frequency.     

磁化水浸种对苦瓜种子萌发及对其幼苗生理指标的影响

目的 :研究磁化水对苦瓜种子萌发的影响。方法 :用不同强度的磁化水浸种处理苦瓜种子 ,测定其以下几个生理指标 :种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗中的酯酶以及抗坏血酸的含量。实验结果显示 :磁化水能够提高苦瓜种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数 ,同时也能提高苦瓜幼苗的酯酶活性 ,但对抗坏血酸含量影响不大。结论 :一定强度的磁化水能提高苦瓜种子的萌发能力 ,并使幼苗生长整齐一致。