贵州省宽阔水国家级自然保护区草本植物区系及物种多样性研究

该研究以宽阔水国家级自然保护区野生草本植物为研究对象,依据不同生境类型共选取10个样地进行调查,分析草本植物物种组成、区系特点及物种多样性的变化规律,为保护区草本植物物种多样性研究提供基础资料。结果表明：(1)样地内共有草本植物58科183属277种(含种下分类单位),以菊科(Asteraceae)、唇形科(Lamiaceae)、禾本科(Poaceae)和荨麻科(Urticaceae)为优势科;以凤仙花属(Impatiens)、堇菜属(Viola)、蓼属(Persicaria)和冷水花属(Pilea)为优势属。(2)在分布区类型中,科的热带分布成分最多,这与保护区所处的中亚热带植被环境的特点相吻合,属的温带地理分布比重最大(61.69%),但温带分布属内含种数较少,均以单种属为主,相反热带分布属的种数较多,并且属级在区系性质的分析中和科级相比更为敏感和可靠;由科和属的性质递变来看,热带性与温带性成分相互渗透,有较明显的过渡特征,属级的地理分布反映出保护区草本植物区系属于亚热带向暖温带过渡分布的性质。(3)各样地中草本植物群落组成有较大的差异,不同样地草本植物群落的α多样性指数与丰富度指数的变化格局不完全一致,但总体变化趋势是一致的,均在样地7的草本植物群落中达到峰值;相异性系数和Cody指数变化格局较为一致,总体呈现上升的趋势;样地8中草本植物多样性指数偏低,受人为干扰因素影响较大。     

安徽湿地维管植物多样性及植被分类系统

通过野外实地调查并结合相关文献资料,对安徽湿地维管植物多样性进行了研究,系统地分析了安徽主要的湿地植被类型及分类系统。结果表明:(1)安徽省湿地维管植物共有95科303属682种(含种下分类单位),其中蕨类植物10科11属16种,种子植物85科292属666种;种子植物中裸子植物2科5属7种,被子植物83科287属659种(其中双子叶植物62科208属451种,单子叶植物21科79属208种);湿地维管植物主要是由草本植物组成,科、属的优势现象明显,以莎草科(Cyperaceae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、菊科(Compositae)和蓼科(Polygonaceae)为优势科;以蓼属(Polygonum)、苔草属(Carex)、眼子菜属(Potamogeton)、飘拂草属(Fimbristylis)、莎草属(Cyperus)等为优势属,属的组成相对较为分散,寡种属和单种属占总属数的93.4%;(2)从分布区类型看,在科级水平上有7个类型,在属级水平上有13个类型,表明该区系地理成分复杂,分布区类型多样;总体上温带成分略多于热带成分,说明了安徽湿地维管植物的分布与本地所处的气候带相适应,反映出从热带向温带过渡的区系特点;(3)依据中国湿地植被的分类原则和分类系统,结合安徽湿地植被的生境特征和群落学特征,可将安徽湿地植被划分为3个植被型组、7个植被型、7个植被亚型和141个群系。     

江苏盐城滩涂湿地植物区系及植物资源研究

通过野外实地调查,运用了样方结合样线法、特殊地区重点调查法及GPS定位等方法,对该地区的植物区系和植物资源进行分析研究以达到对植物多样性保护和植物资源合理利用的目的。结果表明江苏盐城滩涂湿地共有维管植物114科391属688种,其中被子植物104科377属668种,占据绝对优势,其中禾本科、菊科、莎草科、豆科等为该区的优势科。该区植物的生活型主要有乔木、草本、灌木、藤本4种类型,其中草本植物以81.10％,占绝对的优势。植物区系地理成分主要以世界分布、泛热带分布和北温带分布为主,在科、属的分布区类型上有明显的泛热带向温带过渡的特征。滩涂湿地植物资源丰富,主要讨论药用、食用、芳香、油脂、纤维等植物资源。     

格氏栲自然保护区常绿阔叶林植物组成特征分析

本文在11000m²样地调查材料的基础上,分析了福建三明格氏栲自然保护区常绿阔叶林群落的植物种类组成、分布区类型和物种多样性特点。结果显示,群落共计有维管植物223种,隶属于80个科159属,其中单种属占总属数的80.5%;地理成分复杂,具有中国15个种子植物属分布区类型中的12个,且以热带亚热带成分为主,其中泛热带分布属的比例最高,其次为热带亚洲分布属,温带成分占有一定比例;群落不同层次多样性指数由大到小的变化规律为:灌木层 >乔木层 >草本层;植物分布区类型与物种多样性指数的分析表明,该群落是介于南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林和中亚热带常绿阔叶林之间的过渡类型。     

胶州湾海岸湿地维管束植物的区系特征与保护

胶州湾海岸湿地植被分4个主要植被型、15个主要植物群落,作为湿地植被建群种、优势种和主要伴生种的维管束植物共有35科61属75种,分盐生植物、水生植物、湿生植物和沙生植物4大生态类群。其中禾本科、黎科、蓼科等7个较大科的种子植物构成了胶州湾海岸湿地维管束植物区系的主体。从分布区类型构成看,胶州湾海岸湿地植物区系成分中世界分布属最多,达24属,占总属数的39.3%,这反映了湿地植被的隐域性特征。温带分布区成分和热带分布区成分作为区系成分的主体占总属数的52.4%。针对胶州湾海岸湿地发生的退化现象,提出了保护胶州湾海岸湿地维管束植物的初步措施。     

东北地区湿地野生种子植物区系

据统计,东北地区湿地野生种子植物已知有693种、42变种、12变型,隶属于72科、257属,以草本植物为主。含物种比较丰富的科有莎草科、菊科、禾本科、蓼科、毛茛科及玄参科,含种数比较多的属包括薹草属(Carex)、蓼属(Polygonum)、柳属(Salix)、毛茛属(Ranunculus)、藨草属(Scirpus)、眼子菜属(Potamogeton)等。该区湿地种子植物种的地理成分包含24个分布区类型和25个亚型,以温带性质成分为主体,并包含了少量的热带性质成分。与其他地区相比,东北湿地种子植物含有寒带性质成分128种,占18.47%。地理联系广泛,尤其与西伯利亚和北极植物区系联系最密切。     

广西武鸣县种子植物区系研究

为了解广西武鸣县野生种子植物区系特征, 对其野生种子植物资源进行调查。结果表明,广西武鸣县有野生种子植物2 542种,隶属于184科898属,以被子植物占优势,裸子植物贫乏。从科属组成上看,以大科、单种属和寡种属为主体。科、属和种分布区类型丰富,含典型的热带亚热带成分,兼具温带成分,呈热带至亚热带过渡性质。与邻近地区比较,武鸣县植物多样性比较丰富,植物区系成分与广西横县最相近。因此,武鸣县种子植物多样性丰富、热带性质明显、地理成分多样、起源古老,同时聚集了一些特有植物和珍稀濒危植物,体现出北部湾植物区系的特征。     

鄂西南地区种子植物多样性与区系特征

根据《恩施植物志》内容,结合近年来野外实地调查记录,统计鄂西南地区种子植物信息,并对其物种多样性、科属组成及区系地理特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)鄂西南地区种子植物共3 053种,占湖北省74.79%,全国的11.20%,隶属于164科1 008属,其中裸子植物9科28属45种,被子植物155科980属3 008种,且草本植物达1 576种;研究区内植物生活型多样化,多年生和落叶物种占优势,珍稀濒危物种多,生物多样性高。(2)鄂西南地区物种较多的科为蔷薇科(210种)、菊科(198种)、百合科(131种)、禾本科(126种)和豆科(111种),表征科中桦木科的重要值最大(22.00);大科、大属的优势性明显,少种科和少种属较多,体现出科属水平上的多样性。(3)研究区内种子植物科的区系划分为11个分布区类型,14个亚型,其中热带成分77科(65.25%),温带成分38科(32.20%),中国特有2科(1.69%),以热带成分为主;属级水平上共15个分布区类型、23个亚型,热带成分388属(41.06%),温带成分485属(51.32%),中国特有57属(6.03%);种级水平上划分为15个分布区类型,温带成分1 572种(59.70%)、热带成分934种(35.47%),中国特有分布型110种(4.18%),属、种水平上温带成分更占优势。研究认为,鄂西南地区种子植物区系具有温带和热带双重性质和过渡性特征,区系起源有一定的古老性,地理成分复杂。     

湖北利川市种子植物区系研究

根据调查和统计,利川市共有野生种子植物145科750属2028种,其中裸子植物6科19属24种,被子植物139科731属2004种,木本植物1002种,草本植物1026种;本区系具有古老、孑遗、原始性,单种属和寡种属数量多;分布类型多样,地理成分复杂,仅属有15个分布类型和21个变型,科的热带成分占61.62%、温带成分占36.36%,属的热带成分占39.05%,温带成分占55.62%。利川种子植物区系具有以温带为主的亚热带性质。     

杭州西湖风景区种子植物区系分析

统计分析了杭州西湖风景区野生种子植物区系,该区共有野生种子植物143科,572属,1111种（含种下分类群）。科的分布区类型以泛热带占优势,达48.9%,热带成分的科远多于温带成分的科（64∶28）;从属的分布区类型看,温带成分的属多于热带成分的属（268∶220）;种的分布区类型中,温带成分的种数远比热带成分的种数多（502∶234）;说明该区亚热带北部区系特征显著。另一方面,本区以单种属和寡种属为主,种的分布区类型中,东亚分布（33.7%）与中国特有分布（32.2%）相当,东亚分布中绝大部分属于中国-日本共有。以中国区系分区标准,将中国特有分布种划分成9个分布亚型,其中以华东-华中-华南分布最多（46.0%）。结果表明该区种子植物丰富、地理成分多样,具有明显的华东东部植物区系特征。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.