沙疗温度对骨重建实验的影响及传热数值模拟研究

目的研究沙疗温度对骨重建实验的影响及传热数值模拟研究。方法采用CT扫描的手段分别进行4次扫描(建立实验对象OA模型前后各1次、进行沙疗第1周和第2周后各1次)。将扫描数据导入MIMICS软件,分析了各股质层骨量的变化,将肌肉、股骨和骨髓,装配后划分网格,把建立的三维模型的STL格式导入到COMSOL软件进行传热模拟及分析温度场产生的应力对骨重建的影响。结果分析4次CT扫描数据的变化和热应力模拟,在沙疗温度产生的热应力环境下,软质骨体积减少,而密、硬质骨体积增加。传热数值模拟很好的体现了大腿及股骨部位的温度分布。结论沙疗温度对股骨产生的热应力对骨重建起促进作用。     

骨的生长

近年来由于采用许多新技术,对骨的生长发育的研究已逐步深入,本文主要对骨的生长发育:如原发、继发骨化点的出现,骨长度的增加,骨横径变粗和骨髓腔扩大等作些介绍. 骨是动力学的器官,它和人体内其它器官一样是受体内外环境的变化而变化的.虽然,骨的形态在胚胎时期已具备了,但其形态、内部结构在后天各种因素影响下是可以改变的.有人用X线摄片分析不同年龄的人和动物的股骨,看出由于站立或走路,作用力加大,骨小梁的发育增强. 骨组织内一般具有三种类型细胞,即骨细胞、破骨细胞和成骨细胞.这三种细胞都起源于间充质,在一定条件下,三者彼此能转化,从     

“骨胳”教学中的两个问题

“骨胳”教学中,我们发现学生常常把骨和骨胳,骨是器官或是组织的概念弄混,应该及时加以澄清。人的骨胳是由206块骨通过骨连结构成的,是人体体形的支架。骨是由骨膜、骨质、骨髓以及神经血管等部分构成的。骨与骨之间借纤维结缔组织、软骨或骨组织相连形成骨连结。因此骨和骨胳是两个不同的概念,而学生在叙述问题时常将二者等同混用。例如,我们常听学生说:“人的骨胳有206块……”,这是不妥的,教师应及时给以指正。骨是器官,不是组织。在骨的构造中,骨膜是覆盖在骨内,外表面由致密结缔组织所构成的纤维膜,里面含有丰富的血管和神经;骨质是骨的主要成分,有骨密质和骨松质两种。骨密质是由有规律而紧密排列的骨板构成;骨松质是由许多交织成网的杆状或片状骨小     

藏红花提取液对去卵巢大鼠骨密度及骨代谢生化指标的影响

目的：研究中药藏红花提取液对去卵巢大鼠股骨骨密度及血清骨代谢生化指标的影响。方法：选用48只4月龄SD雌性大鼠,随机分为6组：假手术组、模型组、戊酸雌二醇组、藏红花低、中、高剂量组。术后4周各组分别给予相应制剂灌胃,术后12周处死,分别测定股骨骨密度、子宫指数、雌二醇、血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶。结果：与模型组相比,藏红花各剂量组股骨骨密度明显升高（p〈0.01）,雌二醇测定值升高（p〈0.01）,碱性磷酸酶显著降低（p〈0.01）,血钙及血磷无统计学差异（p〉0.05）;与戊酸雌二醇组比较,藏红花各剂量组子宫指数显著降低（p〈0.01）。结论：藏红花提取液有助于抑制去卵巢大鼠骨量的丢失,改善骨代谢,对骨质疏松症具有防治作用。     

藏红花提取液对去卵巢大鼠骨密度及骨代谢生化指标的影响

目的:研究中药藏红花提取液对去卵巢大鼠股骨骨密度及血清骨代谢生化指标的影响。方法:选用48只4月龄SD雌性大鼠,随机分为6组:假手术组、模型组、戊酸雌二醇组、藏红花低、中、高剂量组。术后4周各组分别给予相应制剂灌胃,术后12周处死,分别测定股骨骨密度、子宫指数、雌二醇、血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶。结果:与模型组相比,藏红花各剂量组股骨骨密度明显升高(p<0.01),雌二醇测定值升高(p<0.01),碱性磷酸酶显著降低(p<0.01),血钙及血磷无统计学差异(p>0.05);与戊酸雌二醇组比较,藏红花各剂量组子宫指数显著降低(p<0.01)。结论:藏红花提取液有助于抑制去卵巢大鼠骨量的丢失,改善骨代谢,对骨质疏松症具有防治作用。     

成年犬股骨微波灭活骨缺损模型的建立

目的　建立成年犬股骨微波灭活骨缺损的实验动物模型 ,为骨缺损修复的研究提供实验依据。方法应用自行研制的骨肿瘤微波治疗仪 ,以 1 5kHz频率、70W功率加热至 5 0～ 5 5℃ ,维持 2 0min ,造成犬股骨中段不同大小的骨缺损。结果　在保持犬股骨连续性的前提下 ,长度 1 5cm的骨缺损 9个月时有 1 2被新生骨填充 ,长度2 5cm和 3 5cm的骨缺损 9个月时无愈合倾向 ,但后者骨折的发生率高。结论　成年犬股骨微波高温造成的骨缺损 ,长 2 5cm、宽 1 0cm 9个月不能自愈 ,适宜于各种骨修复材料的填充 ,是理想的实验模型     

羊骨酶解发酵液钙鳌合物对骨质疏松大鼠骨密度和骨代谢生化指标的影响

目的探讨羊骨酶解发酵液钙螯合物（SBEF-Ca）对雌激素缺乏造成的骨质疏松的防治作用。方法 40只3.5月龄的Sprague-Dawley大鼠,按体重随机分为正常组（假手术＋蒸馏水）、模型对照组（去卵巢＋蒸馏水）和高、中、低3个剂量组（去卵巢＋SBEF-Ca）。术后12 d,持续灌胃11周后,测定股骨密度、长度以及血清中反映骨代谢的主要生化指标。结果模型对照组大鼠股骨密度和长度显著减小,各剂量组均可扭转这种减小趋势并使股骨密度和长度维持在正常组水平,其中高剂量组的股骨密度显著大于中、低剂量组;各剂量组的股骨长度差异不显著;所有大鼠的血Ca、血P水平差异无显著性;模型对照组的血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、骨钙素（BGP）水平明显升高,而各剂量组的ALP、BGP水平与正常组差异不显著,且高剂量组ALP水平显著低于中、低剂量组,中、高剂量组的BGP水平（P〉0.05）显著低于低剂量组。结论低、中、高剂量的SBEF-Ca对绝经后骨质疏松症有预防作用。     

跟骨强度指数与影响因素相关性分析

目的:探讨跟骨强度指数与其影响因素的相关性。方法:共入选1024例体检人员。(1)通过Achilles定量超声(QUS)系统测量左跟骨强度指数;(2)使用RGC-120型体重秤测量身高、体重并计算体重指数;(3)通过问卷调查收集体检人员年龄、膳食、运动、吸烟、饮酒等影响因素的相关资料;(4)将各影响因素与跟骨强度指数进行相关分析和多元逐步回归分析。结果:(1)直线相关分析结果显示,跟骨强度指数与身高、体重、体重指数、饮用牛奶年数、运动年数呈正相关(;2)多因素逐步回归分析显示,跟骨强度指数仅与体重指数、运动年数具有显著的回归效果。结论:体重指数与运动年数是跟骨强度指数的独立影响因素,对骨质疏松的诊断与预防具有重要的意义。     

问题解答

问:骨组织、骨和骨胳有什么区别? 答:骨组织、骨和骨胳是三个不同的概念,许多同学在学习的时候,对三者之间的区别和联系搞不清楚,常常出错误。骨组织一般是指骨质(骨密质和骨松质)。它是具有支持和保护作用的结缔组织。由骨细胞和细胞间质(纤维和基质)构成的,其特点是间质中有大量骨盐,因此它是一种极坚硬的结缔组织,其中基质呈固体状态,由无机质和有机质两种成分构成:无机质的主要成分为磷酸钙约占84％,碳酸钙约10％,以及少量柠檬酸钙、磷酸二氢钠等;有机质的主要成分为糖蛋白质复合物、骨胶纤维或胶原纤维及少量脂类,肽类等。其中胶原纤维约占有机细胞间质中的90％。     

跟骨强度指数与影响因素相关性分析

目的：探讨跟骨强度指数与其影响因素的相关性。方法：共入选1024例体检人员。（1）通过Achilles定量超声（QUS）系统测量左跟骨强度指数;（2）使用RGC-120型体重秤测量身高、体重并计算体重指数;（3）通过问卷调查收集体检人员年龄、膳食、运动、吸烟、饮酒等影响因素的相关资料;（4）将各影响因素与跟骨强度指数进行相关分析和多元逐步回归分析。结果：（1）直线相关分析结果显示,跟骨强度指数与身高、体重、体重指数、饮用牛奶年数、运动年数呈正相关（;2）多因素逐步回归分析显示,跟骨强度指数仅与体重指数、运动年数具有显著的回归效果。结论：体重指数与运动年数是跟骨强度指数的独立影响因素,对骨质疏松的诊断与预防具有重要的意义。     

THE CELLULAR COMPLEMENT OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM STUDIED AUTORADIOGRAPHICALLY WITH TRITIATED THYMIDINE (H3TDR) DURING GROWTH AND AGING

An autoradiographic study has been made of mouse femora from birth to one year of age. Tritiated thymidine was used to study the proliferative rate of various skeletal tissues. The labeling index of the periosteum was found to be highest at birth (0.085). At 8 weeks of age the index fell sharply to 0.007 and remained low throughout the entire period of study. Chondro-osteogenic cells of the periosteum, especially those at the perichondrial zone, were most frequently labeled initially. The labeling index of the epiphyseal disk remained high (0.054 to 0.048) until about the 6th week of age. Following this age the index fell sharply to 0.018 at 8 weeks and 0.002 at 26 weeks of age. Autoradiographs showed that the cells of the articulating surface of the epiphysis and disk are derived at least in part from migrating chondro-osteogenic cells of the periosteum residing at the perichondrial region, and that these cells serve as the progenitor pool necessary for both circumferential growth and expansion of the epiphyseal disk.     

THE PROBABLE AFFINITIES OF THE TRACE FOSSIL DIORYGMA ATRYPOPHILIA

Modifications in the ultrastructure of the exoskeleton of the atrypid brachiopod Desquamatia subzonata Biernat indicate that, for the greater part of its life, it accommodated the trace fossil Diorygma atrypophilia Biernat. When these modifications are compared with the ultrastructure of the exoskeleton of Hemothiris psittacea (Gmelin), which has been attacked by a boring clionid sponge, it is evident that the 'burrow' occupied by Diorygma was not excavated by physical or chemical digestive processes, but fashioned by simultaneous growth of brachiopod shell and occupant. Because of its morphology and inferred habits Diorygma is best placed within the Phoronida.     

THE EFFECTS OF EXTRAPERIOSTEAL INJECTIONS OF BLOOD COMPONENTS ON PERIOSTEAL CELL PROLIFERATION

Following extraperiosteal injections of saline, serum, or whole blood, the synthesis of DNA in the cells of the osteogenic layer of the femora of mice was stimulated to approximately two-thirds of the level obtained by fracture of the femora. Irrespective of the material injected, the proliferative response of the cells in the periosteum was similar. These studies have shown that neither bone fracture nor direct disruption of the periosteum is necessary to induce periosteal cell proliferation since a single extraperiosteal injection of physiological saline induces DNA synthesis.     

Sex assessment of the femur: a test of a new method.

Simple and multiple discriminant functions using mid-shaft femoral circumference for the determination of sex were used to test a sexing method recently proposed by Black. The method was able to correctly assign sex for 82% of the sample, which consisted of 115 North American White femora of verified age and sex. Circumference proved as accurate as any other criteria that have been used in sexing the femur. This suggests a usefulness beyond the limited archaelogical scope originally proposed by Black.     

长春地区出土的髌骨测量

本文对长春地区出土的140套成人干燥骨骼标本中的177个髌骨、股骨、胫骨进行了测量。     

Spongia属沐浴海绵化学成分及生理活性研究概况

已进行化学成分研究的Spongia属沐浴海绵有15个种,主要化学成分有大环内酯,萜类,甾醇,神经酰胺和一些长链脂肪酸,脂等,其中一些化学成分具有结构新颖性和较好的生理活性,综述了国内外有关该属沐浴海绵化学成分及生理活性的研究概况。     

ON THE INSTABILITY OF POLYGENIC SEX DETERMINATION: THE EFFECT OF SEX-SPECIFIC SELECTION

A combination of analytical and simulation models is used to explore the initial evolution of genic sex determination from polygenic sex determination. Prior studies have indicated that polygenic sex determination is rare or absent in extant species but that it has likely played an important intermediate role in the evolution of other genetic sex-determination systems. This study explores why polygenic sex determination does not persist. Two possibilities are considered. First it is assumed that a major sex-determining gene also pleiotropically increases fitness. Second it is assumed that the sex-determining gene is neutral but linked to another locus segregating for a rare selectively favored allele. The major conclusion from the models is that sex-specific natural selection will cause polygenic sex determination to be a transient state in most populations. Polygenic sex determination may be an important intermediate step in the evolution of genetically controlled sexual differentiation, but it is unlikely to persist unless there is some selective advantage compared to genic sex determination. This may in part explain the relatively small number of extant species that have polygenic sex determination.     

淡水贝类贝壳多层构造形成研究

对几种淡水贝（包括蚌、螺）进行形态及组织学观察，并通过实验方法重现贝壳三种物质，即：角质、棱柱质、珍珠质的生成过程，结果表明：外套膜外表皮细胞是由相同类型细胞组成，这些相同细胞在不同的作用条件下形成贝壳多层构造。     

DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS OF LEAF PLASTICITY IN THE HETEROPHYLLOUS AQUATIC PLANT HIPPURIS VULGARIS

Leaf development was studied in the heterophyllous aquatic plant Hippuris vulgaris in order to characterize the developmental events that lead to the formation of aerial- vs. submerged-type leaves. Recent evidence that abscisic acid regulates leaf development in this species provided a basis for using abscisic acid as a developmental tool to accurately control leaf development. We found that leaf primordia were fully competent to develop into either aerial- or submerged-type leaves until the 10th plastochron, when they were ca. 300 μm long. Also, leaves between about the 10th and 21st plastochron formed sectored transition leaves (i.e., the basipetal portion was composed of aerial-type tissue and the apical portion was composed of submerged-type tissue, or vice versa), indicating that tissue determination as one or the other leaf type occurred on a local, as opposed to whole-leaf, level. Finally, no significant difference was observed between the apical dimensions of aerial or submerged-type shoots. These results indicate that the final determination of Hippuris vulgaris leaves occurs a) relatively late in leaf development, and b) independently of the shoot apex, and provide a basis for using this plant in further studies concerning leaf determination and pattern formation (e.g., stomates, lateral venation) in plants.     

催产素、精氨酸加压素、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素、神经肽Y、神经降压肽、P物质及亮氨酸脑啡肽免疫阳性纤维在大鼠结合臂旁核的分布

应用免疫细胞化学 ABC 技术观察了催产素、精氨酸加压素、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素、神经肽 Y、神经降压肽、P 物质及亮氨酸脑啡肽免疫反应阳性纤维在大鼠结合臂旁核中的分布。催产素阳性纤维稀少,分布于腹外侧亚核、外外侧亚核、背外侧亚核及外外侧亚核与背外侧亚核之间的移行区。加压素阳性纤维亦甚为稀少,分布于腹外侧亚核、背外侧亚核、外外侧亚核与极外侧亚核.促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素阳性纤维分布于尾侧部臂旁核腰区、外外侧亚核腹内侧部、极外侧亚核、背外侧亚核、中央外侧亚核、内外侧亚核及臂旁内侧核。神经肽 Y 阳性纤维大多为串珠状的终末祥结构,分布于尾侧部腹外侧亚核、背外侧亚核、外外侧亚核背外侧部及外内侧亚核,在上外侧亚核、结合臂背内侧端背侧及臂旁内侧核腹侧部也有少量分布.神经降压肽阳性纤维分布于尾侧部臂旁核腰区、背外侧亚核、背外侧亚核与外外侧亚核之间的移行区、外外侧亚核、外内侧亚核及中吻部臂旁内侧核腹侧部。P 物质及亮氨酸脑啡肽阳性纤维分布于所有的臂旁外侧核诸亚核及外内侧亚核。