北京郊区苹果小卷蛾成虫发生规律研究

苹果小卷蛾AdoxophyesoranaFischervonR slerstamm为北京郊区大桃生产中的主要害虫 ,试验采用黑光灯诱杀、糖醋盆诱集 2种方法在不同生态环境果园对其成虫发生期进行了观测。结果显示苹果小卷蛾在北京地区 1年发生 3代 ;越冬代成虫羽化高峰为 5月底至 6月初 ,第 1代幼虫防治适期为 6月1 0～ 1 5日 ;第 1代成虫羽化高峰为 7月中旬 ,第 2代幼虫防治适期为 7月下旬。     

茶毛虫性引诱剂诱杀效果分析

20 0 2年在贵州省都匀茶场研究了茶毛虫性信息素引诱剂大面积诱杀茶毛虫的防治效果 ,并观察了不同浓度以及不同高度设置对诱蛾效果的影响。结果表明 :越冬代试验 2 0d ,诱杀成虫 42 60头 ,第1代试验 44d ,诱杀成虫 1 3 42 3头 ;防治后田间落卵量以及后代幼虫数分别比对照区减少 5 3 3 3 %和60 5 3 % ;诱蛾效果以浓度为 1 5mg 枚的诱芯效果最好 ,诱盆设置高度以 90cm左右为佳。     

江苏无锡梨小食心虫发生动态及性诱剂防治

利用性诱剂调查江苏无锡地区三个水蜜桃Prunus persica种植区梨小食心虫Gtapholitha molesta成虫的年发生动态,并比较不同时间挂放诱芯的诱集效果。结果表明,在无锡地区,梨小食心虫年发生5代,部分发育较快的五代幼虫在越冬前发育为成虫,但因无法找到合适的产卵场所而成为无效虫口。越冬代成虫和一代成虫发生较为整齐,可以使用性诱剂集中诱杀,但从二代成虫开始,发生呈现多个高峰,田间世代重叠明显。对梨小食心虫的性诱剂防治试验表明,在无锡地区,需高密度放置诱芯并2周更换1次诱芯方能达到防治效果。     

棉铃虫性诱剂在测报和防治上的应用研究

1993～1996年对棉铃虫性诱剂在测报和防治上的应用效果进行调查研究,结果表明,在3种不棉铃虫性诱剂中以中国科学院动物研究所生产的性诱剂诱蛾效果最好,其效果与进口性诱剂相当。在第1代,性诱剂诱蛾效果好于杨树把。在第2代,其效果与杨树把接近。在第3、4代,其效果差于杨树把。性诱剂与杨树把诱蛾的蛾量消长基本同步并且两者与田间卵量消长基本一致。因此,在第1、2代应以性诱剂取代杨树把,在第3、4代应以杨树把进行测报和防治。     

性诱剂监测吉林省水稻二化螟成虫动态及发生世代研究

1998～1999年在吉林省用性诱剂水盆监测二化螟雄蛾季节动态和发生世代,结果发现,1998年长春市越冬代成虫始见期在5月电旬,柳河县在5月底左右,长春市成虫终见期。1998和1999年分别为9月下旬和上旬。可见长春市二化螟成虫伞季活动朔可能长达4个月,而1个世代的历期约为2个月。1999年长春市出现两个相距55天的明显蛾峰,表明存在相当高的二代转化率,从而有助于改变该地二化螟常年只发生1代的传统观点。     

不同栽培管理梨园梨小食心虫发生程度研究

梨小食心虫Grapholitha molesta(Busck)是梨园中的一种重要害虫。本论文采用性诱剂诱集法研究了不同栽培管理条件下梨园梨小食心虫发生的情况。结果表明,在5种不同种植模式的果园中,梨小食心虫在单植桃园中发生最重,试验期间梨小食心虫的日平均诱蛾量为10.9头/盆,与其他4种栽植模式果园的诱捕量均呈显著差异,且混有桃树的果园中梨小食心虫的发生数量多,而单植梨园、梨苹果混栽园、单植苹果园的梨小食心虫发生相对较轻。果实套袋的管理方法也可以显著降低梨小食心虫的发生数量,非套袋梨园的日平均诱捕量为13.8头/盆,是套袋梨园的1.52倍。试验还表明,不同品种和不同树龄的梨树对梨小食心虫的抗虫性均存在显著差异。酥梨比巴梨的抗虫性差,试验期间酥梨园的日平均诱捕量为12.6头/盆,是巴梨园的2.21倍,而40年老酥梨园日平均诱蛾量为12.5头/盆,是20年酥梨园诱蛾量的2.5倍。     

悬挂高度和位置对性诱剂诱集柑桔潜叶蛾雄虫效果的影响

本文研究了红心蜜柚园和新余蜜橘园中诱捕器悬挂高度、设置距离对性诱剂诱集柑桔潜叶蛾Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton雄虫效果的影响.结果表明,诱捕器悬挂的垂直高度明显影响性诱剂对柑桔潜叶蛾雄虫诱集量,同时这个影响随着高度相对树干的水平位置变化而变化.诱捕器最佳悬挂位置是三分之二树高的树冠底部边...     

湖北高海拔地区性信息素对小菜蛾的诱捕和防治效果

2002年应用性诱剂对海拔1 200 m山区甘蓝田小菜蛾的发生及防治进行了研究。在第一茬蔬菜生长期有2个诱蛾高峰,诱蛾量(头/盆)分别为11.7±2.4和9.2±1.0;第二茬蔬菜生长期有3个诱蛾高峰,诱蛾量(头/盆)分别为70.9±8.0、16.1±2.5和11.1±1.9。应用性诱剂诱捕山区甘蓝田小菜蛾时,第一茬田间蛾密度与单盆诱捕量相关性不显著,而第二茬菜生长期田间蛾密度与单盆诱蛾量相关性显著(y=0.0116x+0.1614, r=0.9213, P=0.0011)。性诱剂在光期与暗期都可诱到小菜蛾雄虫, 没有明显的诱蛾高峰。应用性诱剂可以使菜田的农药使用减少3～5次,降低田间子代幼虫密度。     

旋纹潜蛾的生物学及综合防治

旋纹潜蛾Leucoptera malifoliella (Costa)是苹果和梨上一种偶发性害虫。本文依据文献和我们的研究, 综述了旋纹潜蛾的分布与危害、 寄主植物、 形态、 习性、 天敌和防治技术。旋纹潜蛾在北京1年4代, 越冬代成虫在苹果花蕾露红期时开始羽化, 可持续1个多月, 盛期发生在苹果的花期。幼虫分为3个龄期, 其各龄的平均头壳宽度分别为0.23, 0.33和0.44 mm。2011年旋纹潜蛾在北京昌平王家园果园大发生。2011年春天在该果园用性诱剂引诱到大量的旋纹夜蛾成虫, 第1代的卵量很低, 且当年的种群数量一直很低, 可能的原因是越冬期的干旱影响了蛹的活力, 从而影响成虫的产卵量。在防治上, 以保护寄生蜂为主, 可人工清除越冬蛹, 大发生时在卵盛期用灭幼脲喷雾防治。本文还提供了该虫为害状、 成虫、 卵、 幼虫、 茧和部分天敌的彩色图片。     

不同性诱剂诱芯对小菜蛾引诱效果研究

小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)是我国为害最严重的蔬菜害虫之一,为提高检测和诱捕效率,2009年在广东广州、云南通海和浙江上虞3个试验点测试了5种性诱剂诱芯对小菜蛾的引诱效果,实验结果表明,广东省昆虫研究所研发的性诱剂诱芯在广东试点对小菜蛾诱捕效果最好,持效期在1个月以上,日平均诱蛾量21.3头/盆,是荷兰Koppert公司诱芯的5.3倍,适合应用于广东菜区小菜蛾田间种群的预测预报和综合控制;北京中捷四方商贸有限公司提供的性诱剂诱芯比较适合云南试点的应用,日平均诱蛾量13.6头/盆;中国科学院动物研究所研发的小菜蛾性诱剂诱芯对浙江试点小菜蛾日平均诱捕量13.6头/盆,效果最佳,适合浙江地区小菜蛾田间种群动态的预测预报及综合防控。     

库尔勒香梨上苹果蠹蛾发生规律及其性信息素迷向防控效果

【目的】苹果蠹蛾是我国进境检疫性有害生物。库尔勒香梨是苹果蠹蛾在新疆果树种植区的主要寄主。研究苹果蠹蛾性信息素迷向防控技术在新疆库尔勒香梨产区的应用效果,可为该害虫的绿色防控提供参考。【方法】通过持续监测与调查,掌握苹果蠹蛾在库尔勒香梨上的发生规律和危害特点,并通过定期调查诱蛾量和蛀果率,比较微胶囊迷向剂、迷向丝、常规化学农药对苹果蠹蛾的防治效果。【结果】库尔勒香梨产区苹果蠹蛾一年发生2~3代,以老熟幼虫越冬,且死亡率较低。4月中旬越冬代羽化出土,5月开始为害;第1代成虫高峰期为7月上中旬,第2代成虫高峰期为8月下旬至9月中旬。微胶囊迷向剂、迷向丝、常规化学农药处理区每周的平均诱蛾量分别为2.85、2.98、4.95头·台~(-1),平均蛀果率分别为2.25%、0.8%、0.99%,与空白对照区的差异均达极显著水平。【结论】使用性信息迷向剂能够降低苹果蠹蛾第1代、第2代幼虫及成虫的数量。     

桃园中食心虫单一性诱芯及其复合配置的诱蛾效率比较

【目的】明确两种食心虫性诱芯复合配置的诱蛾效果,提高其监测或防治效率及其绿色环保化水平,为果树生产中食心虫的高效监测和绿色防控提供科学依据。【方法】田间系统调查研究了梨小食心虫(以下简称"梨小")、桃小食心虫(以下简称"桃小")单一性诱芯及其复合配置3种处理的诱蛾效率,并利用"Y"型嗅觉仪比较研究了其间梨小雄蛾趋向性的差异。【结果】(1)梨小和桃小性单一诱芯及其复合配置对梨小均具有引诱作用,其诱蛾总量依次为8 238.33、1 451.67、8 321.67头/诱捕器,其中第1、2、3代时复合配置诱蛾量最大,越冬代和第4代时梨小单一性诱芯诱蛾量最大,而各世代桃小单一性诱芯诱蛾量均最低。梨小单一性诱芯及其复合配置均监测到5个梨小发生高峰,且峰期基本一致,但复合配置的峰日诱蛾量均较高;桃小单一性诱芯仅监测到3个梨小发生高峰,且峰日诱蛾量亦较低。(2)桃小单一性诱芯及其复合配置对桃小均具有引诱作用,其诱蛾总量依次为4.00、2.33头/诱捕器,而梨小单一性诱芯对桃小无引诱作用。(3)"Y"型嗅觉仪研究发现,梨小食心虫对梨小和桃小各单一性诱芯及其复合配置均具有趋向作用,其趋向率依次为50.67%、8.67%、53.33%。【结论】梨小和桃小单一性诱芯复合配置对梨小诱捕量有微增效作用,而对桃小诱捕量有一定干扰作用,但影响均不显著。据此,该复合配置可用于桃园中梨小和桃小的监测与防控。     

枣镰翅小卷蛾性信息素通讯系统

采用单个雌蛾性信息素腺体分析技术对枣镰翅小卷蛾Ancylis sativa Liu雌蛾性信息素的组分和组分间的精确比例进行了测定,结果表明,枣镰翅小卷蛾雌蛾的性信息素系统由二个顺反异构体组分组成,即反-9-十二碳烯醋酸酯(E9-12∶Ac)和顺-9-十二碳烯醋酸酯(Z9-12∶Ac)组成,E9-12∶Ac与Z9-12∶Ac的比例为6.5∶3.5;雌蛾产生和释放性信息素具有时辰节律性,在光周期14L∶10D、温度为21℃时,性信息素产生的高峰期为进入黑暗期6.5 h;不同日龄雌蛾产生的性信息素有差异,1日龄最低,2日龄最高,3～5日龄居中,不同日龄雌蛾产生的性信息素组分间的比例无显著差异;对3个世代雌蛾产生的性信息素的量及组分间的比例的研究表明,越冬代含量最高,为(10.1±7.0)ng/头,第2代为(9.5±4.6)ng/头,第1代仅为(1.4±1.0)ng/头,3个世代性信息素组分间的比例无显著差异,在63.1%～64.3%(E)范围内。     

性诱盆与频振灯在棉铃虫成虫动态监测中的作用比较

20 0 1年在南疆棉区做了性信息素水盆诱捕器 (性诱盆 )和频振式杀虫灯 (频振灯 ,3 0W)对棉铃虫成虫诱捕效率的对比试验。结果表明 ,6个监测点平均 ,每日每只性诱盆和频振灯的诱蛾量分别为3 5 .4和 3 2 .3头 ,差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。在 1代成虫盛发的前期和中后期 ,性诱盆相对于频振灯的诱蛾量有先低后高的现象。考虑到经济性和可识别性等因素 ,作者认为在南疆监测棉铃虫成虫动态性诱盆优于频振灯     

Interference with the mate-finding communication system of the Chinese tortrix Cydia trasias (Lep., Olethreutidae) using synthetic sex pheromones

Abstract: Interference with the mate-finding communication system of Cydia trasias (Meyrick) using sex pheromone dispensers (60% E8,E10-dodecadienyl acetate and 40% E8,E10-dodecadien-1-ol, 0.5 mg/dispenser) was investigated in three plots of the Chinese scholar-tree, Sophora japonica L., in Beijing, China, in 2000. Treatments were evaluated by pheromone-baited traps, caged virgin females, pupating and hibernating populations on tree trunks, and assessment of larval damage in petioles and seed pods. Six to eight natural rubber septum dispensers were placed in each tree at the pheromone-treated plots at three separate periods: at the beginning of overwintering generation flight, the first- and the second-generation flights. Application of pheromone dispensers reduced the incidence of mating of virgin females in treated plots relative to those in the control plots. Pheromone-baited trap catches were lowered on average by 96%, suggesting a high level of disruption. Average larval density on tree trunks was significantly lower in the pheromone-treated plots than in the untreated control plots. The mean percentage of Chinese scholar-tree petioles infested with first- and second-generation larvae, and seed pods infested with third-generation larvae was significantly greater in untreated control plots than in pheromone-treatment plots. These results suggest that disruption of pheromone-based communication in C. trasias is prospective, with synthetic sex pheromone on trees in urban environments.     

Pheromonal cross-attraction in true bugs (Heteroptera): attraction of Piezodorus hybneri (Pentatomidae) to its pheromone versus the pheromone of Riptortus pedestris (Alydidae)

We investigated the attractiveness of a synthetic form of the pheromone of the soybean stink bug, Piezodorus hybneri (Gmelin), under field conditions, and compared it with that of (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-2-hexenoate, a pheromone component of a competitor, Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius). Many adult stink bugs were attracted to traps baited with 100 mg of the synthetic pheromone (1: 1: one mixture of β-sesquiphellandrene, (R)-15-hexadecanolide, and methyl (Z)-8-hexadecenoate), but few were attracted to 1 or 10 mg. More than twice as many females as males were attracted to this male-produced pheromone. None of the individual pheromone components (30 mg) attracted conspecifics. In summer (June-July), when field P. hybneri were not in diapause, (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-2-hexenoate was more attractive to P. hybneri than the synthetic pheromone. The sex ratio of the adults attracted to the synthetic pheromone was highly female-biased, yet almost equal numbers of both sexes were attracted to (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-2-hexenoate. Most females attracted to both attractants were mated and had mature ovaries. However, adults attracted to (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-2-hexenoate were likely to have less food in their stomach than those attracted to the synthetic pheromone. In late autumn (October-November), when the bugs were in reproductive diapause, both attractants attracted many sexually immature female and male adults that had well-developed fat body. The synthetic pheromone also attracted a large number of conspecific nymphs. These results suggest that P. hybneri pheromone and R. pedestris pheromone component, respectively, have different functions for P. hybneri. The male-produced pheromone system of P. hybneri seems to be sex-related but to have other roles.     

棉铃虫对几种信息化合物的触角电位 (EAG)反应

通过棉铃虫成虫对 1 0种寄主植物挥发性物质、两种性信息素组分及两者的混合作用的触角电位反应 ( EAG) ,发现棉铃虫雌雄蛾对 1 0种挥发性物质的 EAG反应差异显著 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,说明了 1 0种挥发物质对棉铃虫成虫的感应功能有所不同。 1 0种寄主植物挥发物质与性信息素主要组分混合后能引起雄蛾 EAG反应明显高于单独性信息素的反应 ,其中有 4种挥发性物质明显地增强棉铃虫对性信息素的反应 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,即庚醛、1 -己醇、反 - 2 -己烯醇、顺 - 3-己醇 - 1 ,说明了以寄主植物挥发物质与昆虫性信息素混合作用来增强昆虫性信息素的应用效果。不同光温条件下饲养的雄蛾对寄主植物挥发性物质与性信息素相互作用的 EAG反应差异显著 ( P<0 .0 5 )。     

Enantiomers of fuscumol acetate comprise the aggregation‐sex pheromone of the South American cerambycid beetle Psapharochrus maculatissimus,and likely pheromones of the cerambycids Eupromerella plaumanni and Hylettus seniculus

There is increasing evidence that pheromone chemistry within the large coleopteran family Cerambycidae is often highly conserved, with numerous related species sharing the same pheromone components. As a result, traps containing these components can attract multiple cerambycid species simultaneously. In the present study, we exploited this concept in the identification of the male‐produced aggregation‐sex pheromone of the South American species Psapharochrus maculatissimus (Bates) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, subfamily Lamiinae, tribe Acanthoderini). Initially, live adults of both sexes were caught using a trap baited with a lure containing a blend of known cerambycid pheromone components. Headspace volatiles were collected from live beetles and analyzed by coupled gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Males of P. maculatissimus sex‐specifically produced a 1:38 blend of (R)‐fuscumol acetate ([2R,5E]‐6,10‐dimethylundeca‐5,9‐dien‐2‐yl acetate) and (S)‐fuscumol acetate, which were both components of the pheromone lures to which they had been attracted. In more focused field trials, traps baited with the (S)‐enantiomer, or a blend approximating the natural 1:38 ratio of (R)‐ to (S)‐enantiomers, attracted adults of both sexes in approximately equal numbers. During bioassays, adults of the lamiine species Eupromerella plaumanni (Fuchs) (tribe Acanthoderini) and Hylettus seniculus (Germar) (Acanthocinini) also were attracted, but to different lures, with E. plaumanni being attracted to the racemic mixture of the two enantiomers of fuscumol acetate, whereas H. seniculus was attracted specifically to (R)‐fuscumol acetate. Our results suggest that differences between these sympatric species in the stereochemistry of fuscumol acetate impart species‐specificity to pheromone communication channels, similar to what has been found recently with lamiine species from other continents.