医护人员心理资本、应对方式与工作倦怠关系

目的 探讨医护人员心理资本、应对方式与工作倦怠的关系。方法 采用心理资本量表、简易应对方式量表和Maslach工作倦怠量表通用版对河北省某省级三甲医院101名医护人员进行调查。结果 （1）医生自我效能得分高于护士,成就感低落得分低于护士(P<0.05)。（2）心理资本与工作倦怠（乐观与成就感低落相关除外）呈显著负相关(P<0.01 or P<0.05),消极应对与成就感低落呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。（3）希望对情绪衰竭和玩世不恭有明显负向预测(P<0.01,P<0.001),自我效能(P<0.001)和消极应对(P<0.05)对成就感低落分别有负向和或正向预测作用。结论 提升心理资本水平,调整消极应对方式能有效预防和矫治医护人员工作倦怠;医院管理层应关注护士群体的心理状态。     

综合性医院癌痛患者管理模式探讨

目的 探讨综合性医院癌痛患者的管理模式。方法 成立“癌痛治疗小组”,小组成员由麻醉或疼痛医生、护士、精神科医生、药师、肿瘤科医生及相应专科医生构成,其职责是负责全院癌痛患者的管理与治疗。同时观察15例采用此模式管理的癌痛患者（观察组）,并与传统管理方式相比（对照组）。结果 观察组镇痛效果评分及病人满意度评分均显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。结论 在综合医院建立“癌痛治疗小组”可提高癌痛病人镇痛效果及满意度,有效利用医疗资源、提高医疗质量。     

脑卒中患者连续性护理的应用及效果评价

目的 探讨对脑卒中患者应用连续性护理的效果。方法 构建连续性护理模式,从入院开始进行连续性护理干预,通过患者住院天数、住院费用、再入院率、护理服务满意度、BI指数等指标评价应用效果。结果 连续性护理干预减少了患者住院天数、住院费用、再入院率（P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05）,提高了患者对护理服务的满意度及BI指数（P<0.05）。结论 连续性护理是脑卒中患者护理的有效途径,值得推广应用。     

优秀青年医学人才综合能力评价指标体系实证研究

目的 建立全面、综合反映医院优秀青年医学人才综合能力评价的指标体系,建立规范、公正的医院人才综合能力评价的指标体系的管理模式。方法 采用文献检索以及对于2009—2010年入选的各级优秀青年医学人才进行问卷调查,并运用SPSS17.0软件进行数据分析。结果 主观评价以医院考核、科室考核、优秀青年医学人才互评和资深优秀青年医学人才打分的形式进行,权重分别为28%、38%、20%和14%;客观评价指标的权重均值为医疗52%、教学22%、科研26%;将科室性质分为手术科室和非手术科室,优秀青年医学人才科室的差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。将样本分为市、院、校优青,不同的年龄、职称、学历/学位、科室、岗位有显著性差异（P<0.01或P<0.05）。结论 不断深入细化优秀青年医学人才综合能力评价指标体系的各项指标,使整个评价指标体系更加科学、客观和公正;加强各层次优秀青年医学人才的交流与合作,完善考核制度建设,建立优青考核信息管理系统。     

江山乌猪肠道黏膜菌群组成及其功能的性别差异

肠道黏膜微生物在调控宿主生理功能方面发挥重要作用,其结构组成受到多种因素影响。性别被认为是塑造肠道微生物的因素之一。然而,性别对肠道黏膜菌群的差异影响还不清楚。【目的】以江山乌猪为研究对象,探究性别差异对其肠道黏膜微生物组成及功能的影响。【方法】选取性成熟的雌性和雄性江山乌猪各8头,利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术分析回肠和结肠黏膜菌群。【结果】在回肠黏膜中,雄性江山乌猪菌群的Chao1指数和Shannon指数显著高于雌性(P<0.05),在结肠黏膜中,不同性别江山乌猪菌群Chao1指数和Shannon指数无显著差异(P>0.05)。菌群差异分析显示,回肠黏膜中,沙雷氏菌属(Serratia)和埃希氏志贺菌属(Escherichia_Shigella)在雌性组中的相对丰度显著高于雄性组(P<0.05),雄性组中Oscillospiraceae UCG-005、拟普雷沃氏菌属(Alloprevotella)、布劳特氏菌属(Blautia)和Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group相对丰度显著高于雌性组(P<0.05);结肠黏膜中,雌性组中unclassified_Muribaculaceae、Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group和Prevotellaceae UCG-003相对丰度显著高于雄性组(P<0.05),Oscillospiraceae UCG-005、Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group和unclassified_Lachnospiraceae在雄性组中相对丰度更高(P<0.05)。功能预测发现,雄性乌猪回肠黏膜菌群显著富集了氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢和能量代谢等功能途径(P<0.05);结肠黏膜菌群主要富集了膜转运相关的ABC转运蛋白和信号转导相关的双组分系统等功能途径(P<0.05)。【结论】不同性别江山乌猪肠黏膜菌群结构及功能具有明显差异。这些结果揭示了不同性别江山乌猪肠道黏膜菌群的差异特征,为了解和挖掘我国地方畜禽品种肠道微生物资源提供部分参考。     

临床路径在梗阻性分娩治疗中的应用分析

????????目的 制定梗阻性分娩临床路径标准,并对实施效果进行评价。方法 采取随机分组方法,对梗阻性分娩患者分为实验组（实施临床路径）和对照组（常规治疗）。结果 实验组与对照组患者在年龄、病情、文化程度、城乡分布无显著差异（P＞0.05）,术前住院时间、术后住院时间及总住院时间有显著性差异（P<0.05）,药费、处置费及总住院费用上有显著性差异（P<0.05）,两组之间的满意度无差异。结论 梗阻性分娩中实施临床路径管理,对缩短住院时间、降低和控制住院费用、提高患者满意度方面有着重要的作用,但在路径的实施过程中也存在一些有待改进的问题。     

手术室流程优化后连台手术间隔时间的研究

目的 通过比较研究Ⅱ级手术间不同空气洁净时间,得出连台手术理想的间隔时间。方法 选择Ⅱ级手术间第一台手术结束后进行清洁净化,在清洁前和净化后15 min、30 min、45 min的3个时间段采用平板暴露法进行沉降菌监测。结果 清洁前沉降菌数超过标准,而清洁15 min后沉降菌数已降到标准要求。分别对培养皿清洁前、清洁后
15 min、30 min、45 min间进行方差分析,结果显示有统计学意义（P<0.01）;经多重比较（LSD）,清洁后15 min、30 min、45 min与清洁前比较,差异均有统计学意义（、P<0.01）,而清洁15 min后各时间点比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 手术结束后手术间净化15 min即可进行连台手术。     

病例组合指数在诊疗行为差异性评价中的应用探讨

目的 运用病例组合指数（CMI）分析不同医生对某一疾病患者的不同年度变化治疗方式及费用差异,指导评估医生的治疗行为和结局。方法 选取某三级甲等综合医院胸外科肺恶性肿瘤疾病患者（ICD-C34）住院病例的住院首页信息,提取患者疾病诊断的CMI值。分析不同医生治疗该类患者的费用,住院时间等治疗相关情况的差异,并按年度分析其变化情况。结果 各位医生诊治患者的CMI差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。不同医生的对该疾病的治疗费用差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,以住院费用为因变量,CMI、年龄、术式以及医生等为自变量的logistic分析结果表明,CMI对住院费用具有影响。医生治疗费用的差异可能与其选择的术式及手术水平相关。结论 不同医生对同一疾病的治疗情况存在差异,采用CMI对医生诊疗­­­行为的评估和医疗费用的控制都具有指导意义。     

西藏麦地卡湿地大型土壤动物群落特征与环境因子关系

为了探究西藏麦地卡湿地国家级自然保护区大型土壤动物群落特征与环境因子的关系,于2020年7月和2021年8月根据其地理环境特征在其三个核心区共设置了3个样地（100 m×100 m）,每个样地设置2个样点作为重复;采用手检法收集大型土壤动物,并保存于75%乙醇的收集管中,圆筒式环刀（高30 cm,直径5 cm）取0~10 cm土样,测定相关环境因子。共捕获大型土壤动物336头,经鉴定隶属于3门5纲11目15科,优势类群为石蜈蚣科（Lithobiidae）、芫菁科（Meloidae）、拟步甲科（Tenebrionidae）;单因素方差分析显示,三个样地中,大型土壤动物个体数（F=0.194,P=0.833）、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H）（F=0.304,P=0.758）、Pielou均匀度指数（E）（F=0.346,P=0.732）和Simpson优势度指数（C）（F=0.245,P=0.797）均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。三个样地的Jaccard相似性系数（J）在0.56~0.65,为中等相似;功能类群以植食性为主,腐食性最少。Pearson相关性分析表明,Pielou均匀度指数（E）分别与海拔（Alt）和速效钾（RAK）呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,Pielou均匀度指数（E）分别与土壤含水量（SWC）和全氮（TN）呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,个体数（N）与土壤盐度（SAL）呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。     

公立医院3种身份护理人员满意度与忠诚度分析

?????? 目的 对3种不同身份护理人员满意度与忠诚度进行研究。 方法 通过现场调查获得数据,并进行独立样本t检验、相关性分析等统计分析。结果 对整体数据进行分析,忠诚度与年龄、身份、技术职称三个因素有显著相关性（P<0.05）。结论 公立医院对不同身份员工需要采取不同应对策略。     

Cyclosporine A induced changes to plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant defences

Abstract

Organ transplant recipients develop pronounced cardiovascular disease, and decreased antioxidant capacity in plasma and erythrocytes is associated with the pathogenesis of this disease. These experiments tested the hypothesis that the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A (CsA) alters erythrocyte redox balance and reduces plasma antioxidant capacity. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a control or CsA treated group. Treatment animals received 25 mg/kg/day of CsA via intraperitoneal injection for 18 days. Control rats were injected with the same volume of the vehicle. Three hours after the final CsA injection, rats were exsanguinated and plasma analysed for total antioxidant status (TAS), α-tocopherol, malondialdehyde (MDA), and creatinine. Erythrocytes were analysed for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities, α-tocopherol, and MDA. CsA administration resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in plasma TAS and significant increases (P < 0.05) in plasma creatinine and MDA. Erythrocyte CAT was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in CsA treated rats compared to controls. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in erythrocyte SOD, GPX, G6PD, α-tocopherol or MDA between groups. In summary, CsA alters erythrocyte antioxidant defence and decreases plasma total antioxidant capacity.     

Lead-induced increase in antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products in developing rat brain

Pregnant rats were treated with 0.4% lead acetate through drinking water from 6th day of gestation and this treatment was continued till 21 post natal days (PND). Four regions of the brain namely hippocampus, cerebellum, frontal cortex and brain stem were dissected at 10, 20, 30 and 40 PND for estimation of lipid peroxidation products (LPP), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The results indicate that there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase of LPP in exposed rats than their corresponding control at 10, 20 and 30 PND both in hippocampus and cerebellum. At PND 40, the LPP of control and exposed were found to be almost same in both the tissues indicating recovery from lead toxicity. CAT activity was significantly (P < 0.05) high in hippocampus of exposed rats up to PND 30 but up to PND 20 in cerebellum and frontal cortex. However, in brain stem, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in CAT activity was observed only at PND 10. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in SOD activity was observed up to PND 30 both in hippocampus and cerebellum on lead exposure. Frontal cortex exhibited a similar significant (P < 0.05) increase of SOD activity up to PND 20 and for brain stem up to PND 10. There was no significant change in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and SOD) and LPP in all the four brain tissues of control and exposed rats at PND 40 indicating recovery from lead-induced oxidative stress. This research work was presented as a poster in Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minority Students (ABRCMS) at Dallas, Texas, USA, during November 10–13, 2004 and the abstract was printed on page 231 of the Conference Proceedings     

Effect of silicon on chilling-induced changes of solutes,antioxidants, and membrane stability in seashore paspalum turfgrass

We present a detailed study to investigate if silicon supplementation enhances chilling resistance of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) turf. An enhanced growth status suggests an improved chilling resistance by Si addition, which is coupled with the observation of more Si cells in leaf epidermal cells, as well as a lower LT₅₀ (the low temperature required to cause 50% electrolyte leakage). Chilling stress induces significant adaptive increases of free proline (P < 0.01), all soluble sugar (P < 0.01) and the activity of peroxidase (POD) (P < 0.05), and leads to the decreases of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (P < 0.05), results in notably higher measurements of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05). Silicon addition promoted significant increase of proline and sucrose (P < 0.01), while maintaining significantly higher activities of SOD, POD, CAT, and notably leveling off of MDA (P < 0.05) under chilling stress. These results indicate that silicon enhances the chilling resistance of turfgrass via maintaining a stable membrane and a beneficial cell status readily coping with the chilling-induced oxidative stress.     

Evaluation of the effects of cadmium on rat liver

Abstact Cadmium is one of the most toxic pollutants in environment. Cadmium accumulation in blood affects the renal cortex and causes renal failure. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of cadmium on rat liver tissue. Eighteen male albino rats aged ten weeks old were used in the study. 15 ppm of cadmium was administered to rats via consumption water daily. At the end of the 30th study day, the animals were killed under ether anesthesia. After the liver tissue samples were taken, histopathological and biochemical examinations were performed. Histopathologic changes have included vacuolar and granular degenerations in hepatocytes, heterochromatic nucleuses and sinusoidal and portal widenings. Central vein diameters were normal in cadmium exposed group. Whereas, there was statistically significant difference between two groups by means of sinusoidal (p< 0.001) and portal triad diameters (p< 0.01). Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an indicator of lipid peroxidation. In this study, MDA was used as a marker of oxidative stress-induced liver impairment in cadmium exposed rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were also measured to evaluate the changes in antioxidative system in liver tissues. Current findings showed that MDA levels were increased and SOD and CAT activities were decreased in cadmium exposed group compared to control group. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (pvalues: MDA,p< 0.01; CAT,p< 0.01 and SOD,p< 0.05). In conclusion, these findings suggest the role of oxidative mechanisms in cadmium-induced liver tissue damage     

Amelioration of altered antioxidant status and membrane linked functions by vanadium andTrigonella in alloxan diabetic rat brains

Trigonella foenum graecum seed powder (TSP) and sodium orthovanadate (SOV) have been reported to have antidiabetic effects. However, SOV exerts hypoglycemic effects at relatively high doses with several toxic effects. We used low doses of vanadate in combination with TSP and evaluated their antidiabetic effects on antioxidant enzymes and membrane-linked functions in diabetic rat brains. In rats, diabetes was induced by alloxan monohydrate (15 mg/100 g body wt.) and they were treated with 2 IU insulin, 0.6 mg/ml SOV, 5% TSP and a combination of 0.2 mg/ml SOV with 5% TSP for 21 days. Blood glucose levels, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase, membrane lipid peroxidation and fluidity were determined in different fractions of whole brain after 21 days of treatment. Diabetic rats showed high blood glucose (P < 0.001), decreased activities of SOD, catalase and Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase (P < 0.01,P < 0.001 andP < 0.01), increased levels of GPx and MDA (P < 0.01 andP < 0.001) and decreased membrane fluidity (P < 0.01). Treatment with different antidiabetic compounds restored the above-altered parameters. Combined dose ofTrigonella and vanadate was found to be the most effective treatment in normalizing these alterations. Lower doses of vanadate could be used in combination with TSP to effectively counter diabetic alterations without any toxic effects.     

Increased nitration and diminished activity of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in placentas from diabetic rats

Abstract

Nitration-induced protein damage in the placenta leads to impaired blood flow and deficient feto–placental exchange in diabetic pregnancies. This work studied the effect of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite on Cu/Zn SOD activity in rat placentas and evaluated whether Cu/Zn SOD is nitrated in the placenta from diabetic rats at mid-gestation. Protein nitration was evaluated by EIA, Cu/Zn SOD activity by inhibition of the epinephrine auto-oxidation, Cu/Zn SOD expression by western blot and specific nitration by immunoprecipitation. This study found higher levels of protein nitration (p < 0.001), diminished Cu/Zn SOD activity and enhanced protein expression (p < 0.01) in placentas from diabetic rats. Placental Cu/Zn SOD activity was inhibited by peroxynitrite (p < 0.01). Besides, nitration of Cu/Zn SOD was elevated in placentas from diabetic rats (p < 0.01). These results show that rat Cu/Zn SOD can be nitrated, a modification that could lead to the depressed activity of this enzyme found in placentas from diabetic rats.     

Evaluation of oxidative DNA damage and antioxidant defense in patients with nasal polyps

Abstract

Objectives

The presence of inflammatory cells indicates the development of epithelial cell injury in nasal polyposis (NP) and the potential for production of high levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The aim of our study was to clarify the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in the deterioration accompanying NP.

Methods

Twenty patients (11 men) aged 47.2 ± 17.0 years with nasal polyps were included in the study. Twenty healthy subjects (7 men) aged 48.2 ± 15.3 years formed the control group. The erythrocyte activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and plasma nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were measured. An alkaline comet assay was used to determine the extent of blood lymphocyte DNA damage of oxidized purines as glicosylo-formamidoglicosylase (Fpg) sites, and oxidized pyrimidines as endonuclease III (Nth) sites.

Results

A significant increase of NO (P < 0.05) and non-significant decreases of SOD (P > 0.05), CAT (P > 0.05), and GPx (P > 0.05) were seen in NP patients compared to healthy controls. The level of blood lymphocyte oxidative DNA damage in NP patients was significantly higher compared to the control group (P = 0.01).

Discussion

The blood lymphocyte DNA damage level increased in patients with NP. Elevated DNA damage may be related to overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and/or decreased antioxidant protection.     

Fluoxetine, 17-β estradiol or folic acid combined with intra-lateral septal infusions of neuropeptide Y produced antidepressant-like actions in ovariectomized rats forced to swim

Folic acid is antidepressant, either alone or combined with several antidepressant drugs. However, the antidepressant-like actions of folic acid combined with intra-lateral septal (LSN) infusions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the forced swimming test (FST) have not been tested before. Thus, systemic injections of fluoxetine (20.0 mg/kg, P < 0.05; s.c.) or 17-β estradiol (10.0 μg/rat, P < 0.05; s.c.) or oral administrations of folic acid (50.0 mg/kg, P < 0.05; 75.0 mg/kg, P < 0.05) or NPY intra-LSN (3.0 μg, P < 0.05; 3.5 μg, P < 0.05) reduced immobility of ovariectomized Wistar rats. Subthreshold doses of: folic acid (25.0 mg/kg) or 17-β estradiol (5.0 μg/rat, P < 0.05) or fluoxetine (15.0 mg/kg, P < 0.05; s.c.) combined with subthreshold doses of NPY (2.5 μg/rat, P < 0.05; intra-LSN) and these combinations produced antidepressant-like actions; which were canceled by BIBP 3226 (a NPY-Y1 receptor antagonist). It is concluded that folic acid produced antidepressant-like effects probably through the participation of the NPY Y1 receptors found in the lateral septal nuclei.     

Chlorpyrifos Induced Region Specific Vulnerability in Rat CNS and Modulation by Age and Cold Stress: An Interactive Study

Chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphorus insecticide is known to cause ill health in non-target animals by inducing oxidative stress. In this study influence of cold stress (15°C and 20°C) and age as modulating factors on CPF induced oxidative stress was addressed to assess age-related differences and vulnerability in central nervous system of rats. The results indicated an interaction with age and cold exposure resulting in marked decreased activity levels of SOD (P < 0.05), CAT (P < 0.05), GPx (P < 0.05), GST (P < 0.05) followed by increased MDA (P < 0.05) and decreased GSH levels (P < 0.05). The ANOVA and Post-hoc analysis showed that antioxidant enzymes decreased significantly (P < 0.05) on CPF exposure. Moreover synergistic action of CPF and cold stress at 15°C caused higher inhibition on comparison with CPF and cold stress alone and together at 20°C indicating the extent of peroxidative damage in discrete regions of CNS. Further this study showed young individuals to be more sensitive than adults.     

Comparative study on the influence of fluoride on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants levels in the different brain regions of well-fed and protein undernourished rats

Effects of fluoride on the levels of Lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidant enzymes in the brain regions of protein undernourished (PU) and well-fed rats (WF) rats exposed to 100 ppm fluoride in drinking water were investigated. The results indicate that the mean body weights and the total brain weights of PU rats as well as those given fluoride (both WF and PU) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than their respective controls. The weights of different brain regions were also significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in PU rats compared to WF rats except in the brain stem. Fluoride ingestion diminished the weights of WF and PU rats affecting the cerebrum only (in the case of PU rats) and the cerebellum of both WF and PU rats without an effect on the brain stem of both WF and PU. Additionally, increased LP was observed in the cerebrum and cerebellum of PU rats but after fluoride ingestion, 30% increase in LP was observed only in the cerebrum. In the brain stem however, protein undernutrition was accompanied with a significant reduction in LP but the region seems insensitive to fluoride. There were significant reductions (P < 0.05) in CAT, SOD and GSH in all the brain regions (except the GSH level in the brain stem only) of PU rats. Fluoride induced reduction in the activity of CAT in the three brain regions and on SOD activity in cerebrum only for WF rats but no effect of fluoride on all the antioxidants studied in the three brain regions for PU rats. It is concluded that WF and PU rats responded differently to fluoride toxicity. However, it seems that at the dosage used, fluoride toxicity may be a direct effect on the antioxidant enzymes.