Fuxianospira gyrata和Morania fragmenta(宏观藻类)在华北寒武系馒头组的发现

本文描述了山东省临朐县龙岗村寒武系苗岭统乌溜阶馒头组上页岩段的宏观藻类化石,计2属2种:环圈螺旋抚仙藻Fuxianospira gyrata Chen et Zhou, 1997和碎片玛拉利亚藻Morania fragmenta Walcott, 1919。这两种藻类在大小和形态上可与布尔吉斯页岩和澄江生物群中的宏观藻类相比较。本研究通过探讨藻体的长宽比,认为M.fragmenta的碎片状形态可能是藻体本身生长而成的形态,而不是其命名者所认为的碎裂而成的形态。这两个属种首次在馒头组的发现,拓展了其时空分布,为华北地区寒武纪宏观藻类研究提供了较有价值的资料。     

论山东、辽宁寒武系炒米店组底部(古丈阶顶部)小凤凰虫(Fenghuangella Yang in Zhou et al.,1977)北大核心

本文对在山东济南市钢城区九龙山和辽宁东部大连市白家山寒武系炒米店组底部报道的小凤凰虫,进行了详细的描述及修订。根据与小凤凰虫共生的三叶虫对于华北地台区苗岭统与芙蓉统的界线进行了深入探讨,将产有小凤凰虫的Liostracina simesi-Placosema convexa组合带作为华北地台区苗岭统古丈阶最上部的一个化石带,而将Prochuangia mansuyi的首现作为华北地台区芙蓉统排碧阶的底界,对于华南斜坡相区和华北地台区苗岭统和芙蓉统之间界线划分和对比具有重要意义。     

全尾宽背虫Bathynotus holopygus (Hall, 1859)在 贵州剑河八郎寒武系凯里组的首次发现及意义

宽背虫属Bathynotus (Hall, 1859)广泛分布于劳伦古大陆、中国华南地区、澳大利亚和西伯利亚, 为寒武纪第二世末期最重要的标志性三叶虫之一,已成为寒武系划分的重要指示化石。其模式种B. holopygus以其狭长的颊刺、胸轴宽, 第11节肋刺巨大, 第12、13节肋刺不发育为主要特征;具有很强的地域性, 仅分布于华南和北美, 在华南主要见于寒武系扬子区与江南区之间过渡区的黔东地区。B. holopygus产出地层延限较窄, 仅见于寒武系第二统第四阶顶部。本文所描述的部分标本采自贵州剑河八郎苗板坡剖面苗岭统及乌溜阶界线之下2 m左右, 是在该地的首次报道, 也是全球仅有的第4个产地。笔者通过数理统计值分析进一步描述B. holopygus的特征和发育趋势, 为进一步属种研究提供新材料; 根据新发现的唇瓣标本进一步推测其唇瓣与腹边缘为愈合状态。     

黔东寒武系黔东统都匀阶杷榔组中的宏观藻类

本文首次报道了贵州寒武系黔东统都匀阶早期杷榔组宏观藻类化石,包括4属4种藻类,其中2未定种,1新属,1新种,即江古宽带藻(新属、新种)Latizonuphyton jiangguensis gen.et sp.nov.,球状玛拉利亚藻Moraniaglobosa Walcott,1919,中华细丝藻(未定种)Sinocylindra sp.和?约克那斯藻(未定种)?Yuknessia sp.。其中,Latizonuphyton jiangguensis gen.et sp.nov.最为丰富。该组合中大多分子见于澄江、凯里和布尔吉斯等生物群,具有全球广泛分布的特征。     

湘西北寒武系黔东统杷榔组三叶虫的新材料北大核心CSCD

湘西北寒武系杷榔组出露较好,三叶虫化石十分丰富。文中报道描述了在花垣县排吾乡两个剖面的杷榔组泥页岩中采得的三叶虫两属两种Dinesus bura(Qiu,1980)和Eosoptychoparia guizhouensis Yuan in Zhang et al.,1980。本次研究将双岛虫属Dinesus在中国的地层延限下延至杷榔组(寒武系第二统第四阶)的中下部。这些新材料在湖南杷榔组的发现,扩大了这两属的地理分布范围,并提供了更多本区与其他地区的地层进行对比的材料。以上新发现更进一步丰富了寒武纪江南斜坡带杷榔组三叶虫动物群的内容。     

湘西北寒武系黔东统杷榔组三叶虫的新材料

湘西北寒武系杷榔组出露较好,三叶虫化石十分丰富。文中报道描述了在花垣县排吾乡两个剖面的杷榔组泥页岩中采得的三叶虫两属两种Dinesus bura(Qiu,1980)和Eosoptychoparia guizhouensis Yuan in Zhang et al.,1980。本次研究将双岛虫属Dinesus在中国的地层延限下延至杷榔组(寒武系第二统第四阶)的中下部。这些新材料在湖南杷榔组的发现,扩大了这两属的地理分布范围,并提供了更多本区与其他地区的地层进行对比的材料。以上新发现更进一步丰富了寒武纪江南斜坡带杷榔组三叶虫动物群的内容。     

寒武纪似节头虫Arthricocephalites及其地层意义北大核心CSCD

Arthricocephalites Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974产于湖南西部至贵州东部寒武系第2统杷榔组中,最早作为Arthricocephalus(Arthricocephalites)Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974亚属,据文献记载,该亚属具有极高的种级多样性,但其种级分类一直存在着争议,导致杷榔组生物地层划分亦不稳定。随着全球寒武系内部再划分与对比研究工作的深入进行,位于寒武系第2统第4阶的杷榔组三叶虫组合及其地层意义显得尤为重要。本文针对近年来野外工作中在杷榔组多个剖面采集到的该亚属大量的化石标本,包括个体发育的系列标本进行整理、详细鉴定后,赞同亚属升级为似节头虫属Arthricocephalites,并确认该属并没有先前认为的具极高的种级多样性,超过了10个种,现厘定为1属2种,即模式种Arthricocephalites xinzhaiheensis Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974和Arthricocephalites intermedius Zhou in Lu et al.,1974。这两个种常见于湖南西部和贵州东部的杷榔组。Ar.intermedius(=Ar.jishouensis)也出现在北美格陵兰的Henson Glatsche组下部,具有较广的地理分布,是寒武系第4阶地层对比的重要化石。     

中国贵州东部乌溜-曾家崖剖面早—中寒武世凯里组疑源类(英文)

我国贵州东部乌溜-曾家崖凯里组剖面作为世界早-中寒武世界线层型侯选剖面,产出良好保存的大型无脊椎动物化石(尤其是三叶虫)。因此,更加详细研究该剖面海洋疑源类的生物地层非常重要,将提供围绕界线的生物和环境变化的细微记录。乌溜-曾家崖剖面凯里组的疑源类划分两个组合,它们是凯里组0-52m的Leiomarginata si mplex-Fi mbriaglomerella membranacea组合和52-140m的Cristallinium cambriense-Heliosphaeridiumnodosum-Globosphaeridiumcerinum组合。140-214m仅有很少疑源类标本,可能因为凯里组上部以白云岩为主,不适宜有机壁微体化石的保存。距凯里组底部往上约52m处疑源类组合出现重大变化,无疑为解释沉积环境提供重要资料。两疑源类组合间界线,位于52.3-52.7m,此稍低于被三叶虫Oryctocephalusindicus首现所指示的全球寒武系第5阶潜在层型剖面界线。     

寒武纪似节头虫Arthricocephalites及其地层意义北大核心CSCD

Arthricocephalites Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974产于湖南西部至贵州东部寒武系第2统杷榔组中,最早作为Arthricocephalus(Arthricocephalites)Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974亚属,据文献记载,该亚属具有极高的种级多样性,但其种级分类一直存在着争议,导致杷榔组生物地层划分亦不稳定。随着全球寒武系内部再划分与对比研究工作的深入进行,位于寒武系第2统第4阶的杷榔组三叶虫组合及其地层意义显得尤为重要。本文针对近年来野外工作中在杷榔组多个剖面采集到的该亚属大量的化石标本,包括个体发育的系列标本进行整理、详细鉴定后,赞同亚属升级为似节头虫属Arthricocephalites,并确认该属并没有先前认为的具极高的种级多样性,超过了10个种,现厘定为1属2种,即模式种Arthricocephalites xinzhaiheensis Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974和Arthricocephalites intermedius Zhou in Lu et al.,1974。这两个种常见于湖南西部和贵州东部的杷榔组。Ar.intermedius(=Ar.jishouensis)也出现在北美格陵兰的Henson Glatsche组下部,具有较广的地理分布,是寒武系第4阶地层对比的重要化石。     

寒武纪似节头虫Arthricocephalites及其地层意义

Arthricocephalites Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974产于湖南西部至贵州东部寒武系第2统杷榔组中,最早作为Arthricocephalus(Arthricocephalites)Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974亚属,据文献记载,该亚属具有极高的种级多样性,但其种级分类一直存在着争议,导致杷榔组生物地层划分亦不稳定。随着全球寒武系内部再划分与对比研究工作的深入进行,位于寒武系第2统第4阶的杷榔组三叶虫组合及其地层意义显得尤为重要。本文针对近年来野外工作中在杷榔组多个剖面采集到的该亚属大量的化石标本,包括个体发育的系列标本进行整理、详细鉴定后,赞同亚属升级为似节头虫属Arthricocephalites,并确认该属并没有先前认为的具极高的种级多样性,超过了10个种,现厘定为1属2种,即模式种Arthricocephalites xinzhaiheensis Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974和Arthricocephalites intermedius Zhou in Lu et al.,1974。这两个种常见于湖南西部和贵州东部的杷榔组。Ar.intermedius(=Ar.jishouensis)也出现在北美格陵兰的Henson Glatsche组下部,具有较广的地理分布,是寒武系第4阶地层对比的重要化石。     

First record of the brachiopod Lingulella waptaensis with pedicle from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale

Pettersson Stolk, S., Holmer, L. E. and Caron, J ‐B. 2010. First record of the brachiopod Lingulella waptaensis with pedicle from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale. —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 91 : 150–162 The organophosphatic shells of linguloid brachiopods are a common component of normal Cambrian–Ordovician shelly assemblages. Preservation of linguloid soft‐part anatomy, however, is extremely rare, and restricted to a few species in Lower Cambrian Konservat Lagerstätten. Such remarkable occurrences provide unique insights into the biology and ecology of early linguloids that are not available from the study of shells alone. Based on its shells, Lingulella waptaensis Walcott, was originally described in 1924 from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale but despite the widespread occurrence of soft‐part preservation associated with fossils from the same levels, no preserved soft parts have been reported. Lingulella waptaensis is restudied herein based on 396 specimens collected by Royal Ontario Museum field parties from the Greater Phyllopod Bed (Walcott Quarry Shale Member, British Columbia). The new specimens, including three with exceptional preservation of the pedicle, were collected in situ in discrete obrution beds. Census counts show that L. waptaensis is rare but recurrent in the Greater Phyllopod Bed, suggesting that this species might have been generalist. The wrinkled pedicle protruded posteriorly between the valves, was composed of a central coelomic space, and was slender and flexible enough to be tightly folded, suggesting a thin chitinous cuticle and underlying muscular layers. The nearly circular shell and the long, slender and highly flexible pedicle suggest that L. waptaensis lived epifaunally, probably attached to the substrate. Vertical cross‐sections of the shells show that L. waptaensis possessed a virgose secondary layer, which has previously only been known from Devonian to Recent members of the Family Lingulidae.     

山东寒武系苗岭统三叶虫消化系统的化石证据

三叶虫是寒武纪演化动物群中最引人注目的成员之一,其内部解剖结构一直以来受到广泛关注。与其他非生物矿化软体结构相比,三叶虫的消化系统更容易留下化石记录,为探索其内部结构提供了难得的机会。本文描述了来自山东省潍坊市寒武系馒头组的Proasaphiscus, Lioparia, Deiradonyx和Iranoleesia,以及临沂市寒武系张夏组的Maotunia共五个三叶虫属的消化系统。这些保存较好的标本展示了三叶虫的四对头部消化腺,以及可能的头部消化腺与"嗉囊"共存的例子,为了解三叶虫消化系统尤其是头部消化系统的结构提供了新的信息。三叶虫非生物矿化软体结构的保存也显示了这些层位有发现布尔吉斯页岩型特异埋藏化石的潜力。     

Benthic primary producers in exceptionally preserved Cambrian biotas of North China

Strata situated within the South China Craton host several key Cambrian macroalgal assemblages, including those of the Chengjiang, Kaili, and Tsinghsutung Lagerstätte. In this report, Cambrian macroalgae are described for the first time from the North China Craton, an area that, during the early Paleozoic, was not contiguous with the South China Craton. The material collected from the Mantou Formation and overlying Zhangxia Formation (Miaolingian Series) in Shandong Province is preserved as carbonaceous compressions and includes abundant simple tubular forms. These fall into two groupings on the basis of size and have characteristics broadly comparable to Fuxianospira gyrata and Sinocylindra yunnanensis, both of which are well-known from the Chengjiang biota and may represent simple siphonous green algae. Additional material includes irregular circular to oval films referable to Morania fragmenta and a tuft-like form superficially similar to Marpolia spissa, taxa with possible cyanophyte affinities described initially on the basis of material from the Burgess Shale but also known from the Cambrian of South China. The material is typical of the “Cambrian Flora” and provides further support for the cosmopolitan distribution of this noncalcified macroalgal flora at low latitude settings during the Cambrian.     

A spinose stem group brachiopod with pedicle from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale

A new genus and species of a Middle Cambrian stem group brachiopod, Acanthotretella spinosa n. gen. and n. sp., is described from the Burgess Shale Formation. Most of the 42 specimens studied came from the Greater Phyllopod bed (Walcott Quarry) and were collected from five bed assemblages, each representing a single obrution event. Specimens are probably preserved within their original habitat. In contrast to all brachiopods known from the Burgess Shale, the shells of the new stem group brachiopod are often deformed and do not show signs of brittle breakage, which suggests that the valves were originally either entirely organic in composition or, more likely, had just a minor mineral component. Acanthotretella spinosa differs from all the other described Cambrian brachiopods in that it is covered by long, slender and possibly partly mineralized spines that are posteriorly inclined at an oblique angle away from the anterior margin. The spines penetrate the shell and are mainly comparable with the thorn‐like organic objects that have been inferred from early siphonotretoid brachiopods. The pedicle was slender and was composed of a central coelomic region and emerged from an apical foramen at the end of an internal pedicle tube. The finding of a pedicle attached to the macrobenthic algae Dictyophycus and other epibenthos implies that A. spinosa did not have an infaunal mode of life. The visceral region and interior characters are poorly preserved.     

安徽淮南早寒武世蠕虫化石的发现

Ｐａｌａｅｏｓｃｏｌｅｘｈｕａｉｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．是我国华北地区寒武纪地层中首次发现的蠕虫化石，也是我国寒武纪地层中所发现的蠕虫化石的最高层位。     

Oldhamia radiata: the trace of an undermat miner from the Cambrian Series 2 Xinji Formation,western Henan,North China

Oldhamia trace fossils represent a complex horizontal burrow system usually associated with microbial mats, occurring in the upper part of the Cambrian Stage 2 of the Terreneuvian Series, with a peak in abundance during Stage 3 and 4 of Series 2, and then rapidly disappearing in the Wuliuan Stage of the Miaolingian Series. We here report Oldhamia radiata from the Cambrian Series 2 Xinji Formation in western Henan of North China, associated with microbial mats, as evidenced by the presence of wrinkle structures. The distinctive patterns indicate the exploitation of microbial mats by the tracemakers of O. radiata, featuring a specific feeding strategy under the mats where possibly anoxic and sulfidic conditions prevailed during the early Cambrian.     

皖北地区寒武系芙蓉统炒米店组中上部的索克虫类三叶虫*

塔里木盆地塔中台地奥陶系海百合茎化石丰富。本文通过研究塔中35井上奥陶统良里塔格组和桑塔木组岩芯中的海百合与其共生生物的关系, 讨论了海百合化石的古生态。在塔中35井上奥陶统取芯中识别出7种海百合茎类型: 圆圆茎、星星茎、星圆茎、椭圆圆茎、星椭圆茎、圆角星星茎和不规则星茎, 根据茎板形态划分为五射茎板组(Pentameri)、椭圆茎板组(Elliptici)、圆茎板组(Cyclici)、特殊茎板组(Varii)四种组合类型; 统计了海百合茎化石各种切面的大小和百分含量; 结合岩性分析了每段地层的沉积环境。研究发现, 在局限泻湖环境下, 蓝细菌–四分珊瑚为主的生物组合中不见海百合化石碎片; 仅见腹足类和介壳类化石的细砂屑滩中, 偶见细小的海百合茎化石; 在开阔海环境中, 海百合广泛与苔藓虫、管孔藻、粗枝藻等共生。在海百合–苔藓虫组合中, 海百合茎板的类型最丰富多样, 五射茎板组、椭圆茎板组、圆茎板组、特殊茎板组等四种茎板组合类型都存在; 在管孔藻–海百合组合中, 海百合茎板主要为圆茎板类型, 粗大、密集, 海百合茎碎片含量最高; 在海百合–粗枝藻组合中, 海百合茎板的数量减少、大小变小, 但茎板的类型比较丰富, 四种茎板组合类型都有。由此认为, 塔中台地上奥陶统沉积期, 海百合生长的首选环境为开阔台地, 并受水动力能量和水体清洁度控制: 水动力能量高, 水体清洁, 海百合繁盛; 水动力能量低, 水体动荡浑浊, 海百合可以生存; 水动力能量低、较为动荡、微生物席发育的环境, 不利于海百合生存。     

贵州寒武系杷榔组Sphenothallus Hall,1847的发现及古生态意义*

在安徽省萧县凤凰山剖面炒米店组中上部(江山阶上部到第十阶)岩层中采得丰富的索克虫科三叶虫标本。共计4属6种(含2新种), 包括Eosaukia bella (Walcott, 1906)、E. anhuiensis sp. nov.、Lophosaukia orientalis (Kobayashi, 1933)、Prosaukia campe (Walcott, 1905)和P. xiaoxianensis sp. nov.、Lichengia onigawara Kobayashi, 1942。在对属征进行修订与讨论的基础上, 通过对比这些属的模式种及其他种, 对4个旧种进行了再研究和种征厘定, 最后对这6个种的谱系关系展开了简要讨论。     

凯里生物群腕足动物与游泳动物 共存现象研究

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