敲减人HPIP基因表达抑制细胞生长增殖

为了探讨人造血相关的PBX相互作用蛋白质基因（HPIP）在肿瘤发生发展中的生物学作用,构建了HPIP小干扰RNA(siRNA)的真核表达载体,验证其敲减效果并观察其对细胞生长增殖的影响.根据人HPIP的cDNA序列,设计了含有小发卡结构的寡核苷酸序列,将其克隆到siRNA表达载体上;将重组质粒转染人胚肾293T细胞,通过实时定量RT-PCR及Western 印迹分析检测HPIP基因的表达水平;结晶紫实验及流式细胞技术检测敲减HPIP基因表达对细胞生长和增殖的影响,软琼脂实验检测对肿瘤细胞非锚定依赖性生长的影响.结果显示,构建的siRNA能够有效抑制HPIP基因的表达;结晶紫实验与细胞周期分析实验显示,siRNA介导的HPIP表达沉默导致细胞生长增殖的显著抑制,软琼脂实验结果表明,稳定转染HPIP siRNA能够抑制肿瘤细胞的锚定非依赖性生长.上述结果初步表明,HPIP siRNA能明显抑制肿瘤细胞的生长与增殖,可能是一个潜在的肿瘤治疗新靶点.     

14-3-3θ基因过表达载体的构建及其过表达乳腺癌细胞株的建立

目的:为进一步研究14-3-3θ基因对乳腺癌生物学行为的影响,构建14-3-3θ基因真核细胞过表达重组载体并建立其过表达的乳腺癌细胞株。方法:合成的14-3-3θ基因重组在p ENTR 3C DUAL载体中,课题组采用DNA重组技术将14-3-3θ基因剪切分离后,插入真核表达质粒载体pc DNA4.0中,重组得到真核过表达载体pc DNA4.0-14-3-3θ,并用其转染293T细胞后用western blot进行验证,将经过验证的真核过表达载体pc DNA4.0-14-3-3θ转染乳腺癌细胞后用zeocin筛选,筛选出的乳腺癌细胞经过western-blot和PCR验证确为稳定过表达14-3-3θ的乳腺癌细胞。结果:成功构建14-3-3θ基因过表达真核载体并建立其过表达乳腺癌细胞株,揭示14-3-3θ基因可能在乳腺癌的早期诊断和预后预测中具有重要作用。     

小鼠GITRL基因真核表达质粒的构建转染及其在Kupffer细胞中的表达

目的构建含小鼠GITRL基因的真核表达质粒pEGFP-N1-GITRL,体外转入小鼠Kupffer细胞。方法利用PCR方法扩增GITRL基因,克隆至pEGFP-N1载体,选择阳性克隆并进行序列测定。以脂质体化学法转染至Kupffer细胞中。结果构建了真核表达质粒pEGFP-N1-GITRL,基因测序与GenBank中发表的序列完全一致,体外瞬时转染Kupffer细胞,RT-PCR及WB检测该Kupffer细胞表达GITRL。结论成功构建了真核表达质粒pEGFP-N1-GITRL,并在小鼠Kupffer细胞成功表达,为进一步研究GITRL在Kupffer细胞中的的生物学功能提供研究基础。     

过表达Baff转基因斑马鱼的构建

目的体外克隆斑马鱼baff基因并分别构建pEGFP-C1-baff、pEGFP-N1-baff、pIRES2-EGFP-baff重组质粒,通过胚胎显微注射获得过表达baff的转基因斑马鱼,以探讨其作为人类SLE模型和用于SLE药物筛选的意义。方法通过RT-PCR法由斑马鱼脾脏克隆出斑马鱼baff基因全长807 bp蛋白编码区域,分别构建baff过表达载体pEGFP-C1-baff,pEGFP-N1-baff及pIRES2-EGFP-baff重组质粒,体外细胞转染并通过免疫印迹法验证蛋白表达后,通过胚胎显微注射过表达载体,GFP荧光跟踪并筛选阳性鱼。结果通过体外细胞转染实验与免疫印迹法验证了pEGFP-C1-baff,pEGFP-N1-baff转染后细胞Baff-GFP融合蛋白的成功表达,通过胚胎显微注射与GFP荧光筛选,成功获得过表达baff的转基因斑马鱼。结论本研究所构建pEGFP-C1-baff、pEGFP-N1-baff、pIRES2-EGFP-baff重组质粒均可通过显微注射获得过表达baff的阳性转基因斑马鱼,为进一步探讨其作为人类SLE疾病模型的意义及Baff拮抗药物的筛选奠定基础。     

小鼠gdnf基因在真核细胞NIH-3T3中的表达

为了得到超量表达胶质细胞源神经营养因子'(glial cell line-derived neuotrophic factor,GDNF)的NIH-3T3细胞株,用于制作精原干(spermatogonial stem cells,SSCs)培养的饲养层,通过RT-PCR方法成功地从幼年小鼠睾丸中克隆了gdnf矿基因,构建了真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-gdnf,并用其转染NIH-3T3细胞.对筛选出的阳性细胞克隆进行的免疫荧光染色、RT-PCR和Western blotting的结果表明,获得了超量表达gdnf基因的NIH-3T3细胞株,这为精原干细胞的培养奠定了基础.     

βig-h3基因的真核表达及其对人7721肝癌细胞基质金属蛋白酶表达水平的影响

目的：构建βig-h3基因真核表达载体pEGFP-C2 /βig-h3并转染人7721肝癌细胞,检测转染后细胞MMPs表达水平的变化。方法：用RT—PCR方法获得βig-h3基因,以pEGFP-C2为载体,构建重组表达质粒pEGFP-C2 /βig-h3。重组质粒用脂质体转染人7721肝癌细胞,明胶酶谱法检测转染后细胞MMPs表达水平的变化。结果：正确构建了pEGFP-C2 /βig-h3重组质粒,并且在人7721肝癌细胞达到高转染效率,转染后细胞MMPs表达水平明显升高。结论：成功构建了pEGFP-C2 /βig-h3真核表达质粒,βig-h3促进人7721肝癌细胞分泌MMPs,提示βig-h3与肝癌的侵袭和转移密切相关。     

人ob基因克隆及其亚细胞定位的研究

目的:旨在克隆人肥胖(obese,ob)基因的全长cDNA序列,与EGFP重组构建融合蛋白表达载体,并分析其亚细胞水平的定位.方法:提取人脂肪细胞总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法扩增出人ob基因cDNA,并克隆至真核表达载体pEGFP-CI,重组质粒转染NIH-3T3细胞,荧光显微镜分析EGFP-ob融合蛋白的亚细胞定位.结果:克隆的ob基因cDNA为501bp,共编码167个氨基酸,与GenBank公布的人ob基因序列一致,荧光显微镜分析表明,重组的EGFP-ob融合蛋白主要分布于NIT-3T3的细胞质中.结论:成功克隆了人OB基因的cDNA序列,构建人OB基因的真核表达载体pEGFP-CI-ob,融合蛋白EGFP-ob定位于NIH-3T3细胞质中.     

小鼠紧密连接蛋白ZO-2 真核表达载体的构建和表达

目的:克隆小鼠紧密连接蛋白ZO-2(zonula occludens protein2)基因构建其真核表达载体,并验证其在293T细胞系中的表达,为进一步研究其功能奠定基础。方法:从小鼠淋巴结来源的cDNA中分三段分别扩增,通过基因克隆方法获得紧密连接蛋白ZO-2基因全长,连接至pMD-18T载体中,酶切测序正确后,插入pEGFP-C2载体中,构建真核表达载体pEGFP-C2-ZO2。酶切正确后,瞬时转染入293T细胞中,48h后荧光显微镜观察其绿色荧光GFP融合蛋白的表达,并用Western blot检测其在转染细胞中的蛋白水平表达。结果:通过酶切鉴定和测序结果证明成功克隆了ZO-2基因,western blot结果表明成功构建了真核表达载体pEGFP-C2-ZO2。结论:小鼠紧密连接蛋白ZO-2基因的获得和真核表达载体pEGFP-C2-ZO2的成功构建为下一步研究其生物学功能奠定了基础。     

人酸性调宁蛋白calponin-3与EGFP的融合表达及其细胞定位

调宁蛋白家族进化保守,广泛分布于肌细胞与非肌细胞。目前发现该蛋白家族有碱性、中性和酸性3个异构体,它们在非肌细胞中的功能尚不明确,而酸性调宁蛋白calponin-3是被研究最少的家族成员。本研究通过RT-PCR的方法从人支气管上皮细胞HBE中克隆编码calponin-3蛋白的CNN3基因,克隆至真核表达载体pEGFP-N1。重组质粒pEGFP-N1-CNN3经酶切鉴定和DNA测序正确后,用于瞬时转染细胞。Western blotting检测293T,A549和SMMC-7721细胞内重组绿色荧光融合calponin-3蛋白的瞬时表达,激光共聚焦显微镜分析calponin-3-绿色荧光融合蛋白与罗丹明-鬼笔环肽标记F-actin的细胞定位。结果表明成功构建了真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-CNN3并在293T、A549和SMMC-7721细胞中高效表达;通过绿色荧光结合免疫荧光染色确定calponin-3与F-actin共定位。成功构建calponin-3蛋白的表达载体,在细胞中瞬时表达并检测其细胞亚定位,为进一步研究calponin-3蛋白的生物学功能奠定基础。     

真核表达载体pEGFP—N1-VP3的构建及在SGC-7901细胞中的表达和定位

构建真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-VP3并稳定转染人胃癌细胞SGC-7901,观察EGFP-VP3融合蛋白在肿瘤细胞中的分布和亚细胞定位,探讨凋亡素诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的机制.用PCR技术扩增出(凋亡素)VP3基因片段,克隆至载体pEGFP-N1,鉴定无误后,将构建的重组质粒pEGFP-N1-VP3经脂质体介导转染SGC-7901细胞,在荧光显微镜和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下观察凋亡素在肿瘤细胞中的分布、亚细胞定位.用AO/EB荧光染色法检测其在体外诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的效应.经限制性内切酶酶切图谱分析和DNA序列测定证实目的基因已插入载体pEGFP-N1,稳定转染细胞中EGFP-VP3在肿瘤细胞中得以高表达,转染后逐渐从细胞质迁移至细胞核,最后定位于细胞核内.AO/EB荧光染色观察到大量细胞凋亡.结论:成功构建真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-VP3,并成功培养出表达绿色荧光蛋白和凋亡素的SGC-7901稳定细胞株.EGFP-VP3融合蛋白在肿瘤细胞中具有核定位效应,并诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡.     

3-Bromo-3-deazaneplanocin and 3-bromo-3-deazaaristeromycin: Synthesis and antiviral activity

As an outgrowth of our program to explore 3-deazaadenine carbocyclic nucleosides, 3-bromo-3-deazaneplanocin (5) and 3-bromo-3-deazaaristeromycin (6) have been synthesized from a readily available cyclopentenol and cyclopentanone and either 4-amino- or 4-chloro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine (6-amino- or 6-chloro-3-deazaadenine) in 5 steps and 7 steps, respectively. Antiviral analysis found 5 to display significant activity towards a number of (-)-ssRNA and a few dsDNA viruses. Compound 6 was less active than 5 against selected examples of those viruses affected by 5.     

Cell density and amino acid transport in 3T3, SV3T3, and SV3T3 revertant cells

The transport of selected neutral and cationic amino acids has been studied in Balb/c 3T3, SV3T3, and SV3T3 revertant cell lines. After properly timed preincubations to control the size of internal amino acid pools, the activity of systems A, ASC, L, and Ly⁺ has been discriminated by measurements of amino acid uptake (initial entry rate) in the presence and absence of sodium and of transportspecific model substrates. L-Proline, 2-aminoisobutyric acid, and glycine were primarily taken up by system A; L-alanine and L-serine by system ASC; L-phenylalanine by system L; and L-lysine by system Ly⁺ in SV3T3 cells. L-Proline and L-serine were also preferential substrates of systems A and ASC, respectively, in 3T3 and SV3T3 revertant cells. Transport activity of the Na⁺-dependent systems A and ASC decreased markedly with the increase of cell density, whereas the activity of the Na⁺-independent systems L and Ly⁺remained substantially unchanged. The density-dependent change in activity of system A occurred through a mechanism affecting transport maximum (V_max) rather than substrate concentration for half-maximal velocity (K_m). Transport activity of systems A and ASC was severalfold higher in transformed SV3T3 cells than in 3T3 parental cells at all the culture densities that could be compared. In SV3T3 revertant cells, transport activity by these systems remained substantially similar to that observed in transformed SV3T3 cells. The results presented here add cell density as a regulatory factor of the activity of systems A and ASC, and show that this control mechanism of amino acid transport is maintained in SV40 virus-transformed 3T3 cells that have lost density-dependent inhibition of growth, as well as in SV3T3 revertant cells that have resumed it.     

Hyaluronate degradation in 3T3 and simian virus-transformed 3T3 cells

The cellular control of hyaluronate levels was examined in cultures of simian virus 40-transformed 3T3 (SV3T3) and 3T3 cells which are known to differ in their metabolism of hyaluronate. When [3H]hyaluronate was added to cultures of the two cell lines, four times more ligand was bound per mg of protein by the SV3T3 cells than by the 3T3 cells. Of the bound [3H] hyaluronate, 40% was degraded by the SV3T3 cells to oligosaccharides characteristic of the breakdown of hyaluronate, but only 2% was degraded by 3T3 cells. Hyaluronidase activity was found in the cell layer and medium of the SV3T3 cultures, but was not detectable in 3T3 cells. The SV3T3 enzyme was active only at acidic pH, but at neutral pH the secreted SV3T3 hyaluronidase was thermally more stable then the cell-associated enzyme. In contrast, both cell lines were found to contain similar amounts of beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity. We conclude that the elevated capacity of SV3T3 cells to degrade hyaluronate may be partially responsible for their lack of the hyaluronate-containing pericellular coat which is prominent around 3T3 cells.     

Cholesterol levels and plasma membrane fluidity in 3T3 and SV101-3T3 cells

Polyene antibiotics such as filipin selectively inhibit wheat germ agglutinin-induced agglutination of transformed and malignant cells compared to normal cells (Hatten ME, Burger MM: Biochemistry 18:739, 1979). Since filipin binds specifically to cholesterol, we measured cholesterol levels in 3T3 cells and SV101-3T3 cells. SV101-3T3 cells contained 50-100% more cholesterol per cell than 3T3 cells. Both cell types were starved for cholesterol by growth in lipid-depleted medium plus 25-hydroxycholesterol. The cholesterol level of SV101-3T3 cells decreased by 30-50%, while the level in 3T3 cells remained constant. Filipin-stained SV101–3T3 cells revealed bright patches of filipin under fluorescence microscopy. These patches were absent in 3T3 cells and in SV101–3T3 and 3T3 cells starved for cholesterol. We selectively labeled plasma membranes of these cells with a spin label analog of phosphatidylcholine. The spin label indicated differences in plasma membrane fluidity that may be related to the different cholesterol levels in 3T3 and SV101–3T3 cells.     

Synthesis and biological activity of 3 beta-fluorovitamin D3: comparison of the biological activity of 3 beta-fluorovitamin D3 and 3-deoxyvitamin D3

The alteration in the biologic activity of the vitamin D3 molecule resulting from the replacement of a hydrogen atom with a fluorine atom is a subject of fundamental interest. To investigate this problem we synthesized 3 beta-fluorovitamin D3 6 and its hydrogen analog, 3-deoxyvitamin D3 7, and tested the biologic activity of each by in vitro and in vivo methods. Contrary to previous reports which showed that 3 beta-fluorovitamin D3 was as active as vitamin D3 in vivo, we found that the fluoro-analog was less active than vitamin D3. With regard to stimulation of intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium mobilization in the D-deficient hypocalcemic rat, 3 beta-fluorovitamin D3 showed significantly greater biologic activity than its hydrogen analog, 3-deoxyvitamin D3. In the organ-cultured, embryonic chick duodenum, 3 beta-fluorovitamin D3 was approx 1/1000th as active as the native hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, while 3-deoxyvitamin D3 was inactive even at microM concentrations, in the induction of the vitamin D-dependent, calcium-binding protein. With regard to in vitro activity in displacing radiolabeled 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 from vitamin D binding protein and radiolabelled 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 from a chick intestinal cytosol receptor, 3 beta-fluorovitamin D3 and 3 beta-deoxyvitamin D3 both showed very poor binding efficiencies when compared with vitamin D3. Our results show that the substitution of a fluorine atom for a hydrogen atom at the C-3 position of the vitamin D3 molecule results in a fluorovitamin 6 with significantly more biological activity than its hydrogen analog, 3-deoxyvitamin D3 7.     

Calcium transport and exchange in mouse 3T3 and SV40-3T3 cells

The kinetics of Ca++ uptake have been evaluated in 3T3 and SV40-3T3 mouse cells. The data reveal at least two exchangeable cellular compartments in the 3T3 and SV40-3T3 cell over a 50-min exposure to 45Ca++. A rapidly exchanging compartment may represent surface-membrane-localized Ca++ whereas a more slowly exchanging compartment is presumably intracellular. The transition of the 3T3 cell from exponential growth (at 3 day's incubation) to quiescence (at 7 days) is characterized by a 7.5-fold increase in the size of the fast component. Quiescence of the 3T3 cell is also characterized by a 3.2-fold increase in the unidirectional Ca++ influx into the slowly exchanging compartment and a 3.6-fold increase in its size. The increase in size of the slow compartment at quiescence may result from a redistribution of intracellular Ca++ to a more readily exchangeable compartment, possibly reflecting a release of previously bound Ca++. In contrast, no significant change in any of these parameters is observed in the proliferatively active SV40-3T3 cells after corresponding period of incubation, even though these cells attained higher growth densities and underwent postconfluence.