香茶菜属3种植物花粉形态的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电子显微镜对香茶菜(Isodon amethystoides)、大萼香茶菜(I. macrocalyx)、显脉香茶菜(I. nervosa)8个居群的花粉进行了形态观察.结果表明,不同居群的香茶菜的花粉在形态上具有一定共同特性 ,但在外壁纹饰、大小、穴的形状上存在差异.香茶菜属不同种在花粉形态、大小、外壁纹饰、穴分布情况存在较明显的差异.这些花粉表面微观形态的差异可为品种鉴定提供依据.     

显脉香茶菜化学成分研究

显脉香茶菜;显脉香茶菜丁素;2α-羟基乌苏酸;二萜其茎、叶可人药,民间用以治疗传染性肝炎等症。前文以,报道从该植物的茎、叶中分离到6种成分:乌苏酸     

溪黄草药材4种基原植物的UPLC特征图谱鉴别研究CSCD

本研究采用UPLC法建立适用于鉴别溪黄草药材4种基原植物溪黄草Rabdosia serra(Maxim.)H.Hara、线纹香茶菜Rabdosia lophanthoides(Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don)H.Hara、纤花香茶菜Rabdosia lophanthoides var.graciliflora(Benth.)H.Hara和长叶香茶菜Rabdosia stracheyi(Benth.ex Hook.f.)Hara的特征图谱,并结合特征图谱的相似度评价、聚类分析(cluster analysis,CA)、主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)以及正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discriminate analysis,OPLS-DA)对4种基原植物的共有成分与差异性成分进行研究。从溪黄草、线纹香茶菜、纤花香茶菜和长叶香茶菜的特征图谱中分别标定了19、24、26、21个特征峰。除溪黄草外,其他3种基原植物各自样品的相似度较高;但是不同基原植物之间的相似度具有一定的差异性。通过CA、PCA可将溪黄草与其他3种基原植物明显区分,通过OPLS-DA可将线纹香茶菜、纤花香茶菜和长叶香茶菜区分。该研究建立的UPLC特征图谱结合化学计量学方法较全面地反映了溪黄草药材4种基原植物的化学成分,方法简便快速、专属性强,可为溪黄草药材的基原鉴别和质量分析与评价提供参考。     

华东地区五种香茶菜药理比较及其资源保护

采用斯氏蛙心灌流法,分别测定了香茶菜属(Isodon)五种植物不同器官的水、酊剂对离体蛙心的作用.结果表明:线纹香茶菜(Isodon lophanthoides)叶的水提取物对蛙心正向肌力的作用效果最明显,大萼香茶菜(Isodon macrocalyx)叶的水剂对蛙心反向肌力作用最明显,与对照品比照:多种香茶菜植物之根的水提取物均表现有降血压作用;五种香茶菜植物之酊剂提取物均表现出一致的反向肌力作用,与对照品比照:各器官组织之酊剂提取物同时表现有降血压作用,提示五种香茶菜植物之酊剂型作为降血压药物有良好的开发前途,也说明了香茶菜野生资源巨大的可利用价值.给出了香茶菜资源开发利用的许多方案及香茶菜野生药源保护的两套可行性方案,指明了该综合性比较药理实验对我国野生药材资源的可持续发展具有重要而深远的意义.     

贵州紫云产黄花香茶菜的化学成分研究

采用甲醇回流提取和硅胶柱层析方法,从紫云产黄花香茶菜中分离得到6个化合物,结合1H-NMR、13C-NMR数据及文献资料鉴定为黄花香茶菜乙素(Ⅰ)、黄花香茶菜丁素(Ⅱ)、大萼变型香茶菜甲素(Ⅲ)、3β-Hydroxy-18α,19α-urs-20-en-28-oic acid(Ⅳ)、齐墩果酸(Ⅴ)和熊果酸(Ⅵ)。其中化合物Ⅳ为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

大萼香茶菜中的二萜化学成分研究

为研究大萼香茶菜(Isodon macrocalyx )的化学成分,该文采用硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20、反相C₁₈半制备高效液相等色谱方法对大萼香茶菜地上部分进行分离纯化,并利用¹H NMR、¹³C NMR和HR-ESI-MS等波谱数据,以及结合 参考文献,鉴定了这些化合物的结构。结果表明:从大萼香茶菜地上部分分离得到13个二萜,它们分别是19-羟基陶塔酚(1)、macrophynin E(2)、inumakoic acid(3)、inumakiol D(4)、4β-carboxy-19-nortotarol(5)、(-)-lambertic acid(6)、2-oxo-5-fagonene(7)、isodoterniofiln B(8)、长管贝壳杉素E(9)、长管香茶菜素A(10)、牛尾草素H(11)、16S-dihydrolongikaurin A(12)和ent-3S,16S,17-trihydroxy-kauran-2-one(13)。所有得到的二萜均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

胶粘香茶菜的化学成分

胶粘香茶菜(I.glutinosa C.Y.Wu et H.W.Li),为唇形科(Labiatae)香茶菜属(Isodon)植物,产于云南西北部及四川西南部,海拔2000-2300m的河谷两岸山坡砾石地或干燥灌丛中。从云南丽江产胶粘香茶菜中,已分离和鉴定了2种不同结构类型的二萜成分,为进一步比较不同地区产该种植物在化学成分上的差异,我们对大理苍山产胶粘香茶菜进行了研究。由2316g茎叶得149g提取物,然后经硅胶柱层析,依次用氯仿、氯仿-乙酸乙脂(8:2→4:6),乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱,除分离和鉴定了β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),胡萝卜甙(β-sitosterol-D-glucoside),乌苏酸(ursolic acid),山植酸(crataegolic acid)和丁二酸(butanedioic acid)外,还得到迄今从香茶菜属植物中分离得到的氧化程度最低的一个对映-贝壳杉烯型四环二萜类化合物:对映-贝壳杉烷-16β,17-二醇(ent—Kauran-16β,17-diol)(1)(2.8g)和具有抑制革兰氏阳性菌生长活性的松香烷(abitane)型二萜pisiferic acid(2)(1.2g)。pisiferic acid(2)系首次从该属植物中得到。     

大萼香茶菜辛素的化学结构

大萼香茶菜（Ｒａｂｄｏｓｉａｍａｃｒｏｃａｌｙｘ（Ｄｕｎｎ）Ｈａｒａ）系唇形科（Ｌａｂｉａｔａｅ）香茶菜属植物,民间用于治疗肿瘤等疾病。我们曾报道了它的具有抗菌和细胞毒活性的７个新二萜成分：大萼香茶菜甲素、乙素、丙素、丁素、戊素、己素和庚素［１—５］。进一步研究又分得３个结晶单体。其中,结晶Ⅰ鉴定为新化合物,命名为大萼香茶菜辛素;结晶Ⅱ和Ⅲ鉴定为已知化合物ｏｒｉｄｏｎｉｎ和ｅｎｍｅｎｏｌ。大萼香茶菜辛素（Ⅰ）　Ｃ２２Ｈ３４Ｏ８,ｍｐ２３０℃,［α］２２Ｄ－４１．８（ｃ０．２２,ＭｅＯＨ）。ＩＲ不…     

唇形科香茶菜属二萜类化合物分布规律

香茶菜属（Isodon）由于富含二萜类化合物（Diterpenoids）而具有较高的药用价值,本研究根据其所含二萜的骨架和氧化状态,对该类化合物在香茶菜属植物中的分布规律进行研究。UPGMA聚类分析结果显示：含二环和三环二萜为主的植物种类聚在一支上,含四环二萜为主的植物种类聚在另一支上。进一步将二萜分为二环、三环、四环三大类绘制到分子系统树上结果显示：三环二萜主要分布在较原始的类群中,如：线纹香茶菜（I.lophanthoides）和小花线纹香茶菜（I.lophanthoides var. micranthus）;而四环二萜主要分布在较进化的类群中,如：旱生香茶菜（I.xerophilus）和腺花香茶菜（I.adenanthus）。本研究通过对二萜类化合物与香茶菜属系统发育之间存在的联系进行探讨,有助于对香茶菜属植物中的二萜类化合物活性成分进行筛选与研发。     

黄花蒿中青蒿素含量的RP-HPLC法测定

建立黄花蒿中青蒿素的高效液相色谱测定方法,采用柱前衍生RP-HPLC法测定黄花蒿中青蒿素的含量,采用ZORBAXXDB-C18(4.6mm×150mm,5μm)色谱柱,甲醇-0.01mol/L醋酸钠-醋酸缓冲液(pH5.8,体积比62∶38)为流动相;检测波长:260nm;流速:0.8mL/min;柱温:30℃。对广西、沈阳、北京、郑州、苏州和杭州等不同产地的野生黄花蒿样品、以及同一产地不同采集时间黄花蒿样品进行检测,结果表明不同地区青蒿素含量差异很大,同一地区不同采集时间黄花蒿样品的青蒿素含量也有差异。该法准确可靠、重现性好,能准确地反映青蒿素含量的检测。     

基于多元统计分析的不同诃子属药材多指标成分研究

建立了诃子属药材的多指标成分含量测定方法,为诃子属药材的质量评价提供依据。测定44批不同诃子属药材中7个鞣质类成分含量,并结合方差分析、聚类分析(HCA)、主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)评价诃子属3种不同药材的鞣质类成分差异。可见诃子属3种药材中7个成分含量存在明显差异,方差分析结果显示,不同品种间的成分含量差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);聚类分析、主成分分析及正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析结果显示,不同品种药材间7个化学成分含量上存在一定差异,主成分分析及正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析分析结果确定不同诃子属药材间的主要差异成分为安石榴苷A、安石榴苷B、诃子酸、柯里拉京、诃藜勒酸、没食子酸。本研究建立的方法简便、准确,为诃子属药材的质量控制提供了可靠的分析方法与参考依据。     

食用牛肝菌不同部位紫外指纹图谱鉴别分析

采用紫外光谱技术结合主成分分析法,建立快速鉴别牛肝菌的不同部位及不同种类、产地的方法。通过单因素实验确定提取牛肝菌特征成分的最佳条件,制备测试液并进行紫外光谱测定。结果表明,牛肝菌样品的重现性、精密度和10h内稳定性的RSD（%）分别在0.09–1.81、0.11–1.92、0.06–2.33之间;牛肝菌不同部位紫外指纹图谱具有明显的指纹特性;主成分分析（PCA）表明菌盖和菌柄前3个主成分累积贡献率分别为94.797%和92.961%,能够反映样品的主要信息;SIMCA软件分析显示牛肝菌菌盖和菌柄化学成分积累不同。根据牛肝菌不同部位紫外光谱信息和主成分分析能区分同一牛肝菌的不同部位,鉴别不同种类、不同产地的食用牛肝菌。     

The redfish species Sebastes viviparus, Sebastes marinus and Sebastes mentella have different composition of their tissue fatty acids

The fatty acid profile in the tissue of heart, gill, skull- and otolith-oil of the three redfish species, Sebastes viviparus, S. marinus and S. mentella was determined by a chemometric method, consisting of methanolysis of samples of the tissues and of the oils and gas chromatography of the resulting fatty acid methyl esters. The analytical data were treated by multivariate statistics comprising principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA). Although the differences in fatty acid composition among the two tissues and two oils were the dominating features of the data, the three species had significantly different fatty acid profiles within each tissue. Variation among the individuals was considerable. The fatty acid profiles appeared to be species specific. The mutual relationship between S. marinus and S. mentella is closer than the relationship between either of them and S. viviparus. A comparison with a corresponding investigation on the same three species from another location indicates that the observed differences do not seem to be affected by biotic or abiotic factors.     

RAPD Analysis on High-taxane-contained Accessions of Taxus chinensis var. mairei

Taxus chinensis var. mairei (kemee et Levi. ) Cheng et L.K. Fu is one of the resource plants in China. The taxot contents from different localities are variable. RAPD and HPLC analysis were carried out with 24 samples from 12_localities. A total of 256 loci were amplified among which 224 loci were polymorphic (87.8%). Based on the HPLC and morphological analysis, the relationship among RAPD markers, morphology and habitat was explored. According to the results, high-taxane-contained accessions are present in three localities. This study might be of benefit to the resource conservation and species improvement.     

不同产地女贞子化学质量特征分析

通过分析不同产地女贞子化学质量特征,为女贞子质量控制标准的完善提供依据。本实验采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析了不同产地女贞子药材中女贞苷、特女贞苷和红景天苷的含量,建立了可以表征女贞子整体化学质量特征的HPLC指纹图谱,并利用相似度、主成分及聚类分析三种方法对指纹图谱特征进行分析。结果表明,不同产地女贞子中三种成分含量变化规律有差异。指纹图谱结果显示,虽然不同产地女贞子的化学成分种类一致,但整体质量特征具有一定差异,其中女贞苷、红景天苷及其他未知成分均作为主要因子参与了这种差异的表达。各产地女贞子的质量特征相互交叉,无明显区域性。因此,不同产地女贞子化学质量特征存在差异,现行的评价指标并不能真实反映其差异,其质量控制标准有待进一步完善。     

Comparative phylogeography and genetic structure of Vanuatu birds: control region variation in a rail, a dove, and a passerine

We examined variation in mitochondrial control region (Domain I) sequences in three distantly related species of birds found on multiple islands in Vanuatu: the Buff-banded Rail Gallirallus philippensis (n=21, 433bp), the Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica (n=21, 513bp), and the Streaked Fantail Rhipidura spilodera (n=17, 326bp). Nucleotide and haplotype diversity were similar in all three species and showed little to no geographic structure within Vanuatu. Estimates of demographic parameters, tests for excess rare alleles, and the structure of both haplotype networks and pairwise mismatch distributions support a hypothesis of recent colonization and subsequent expansion in C. indica and R. spilodera but not in G. philippensis. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that G. philippensis samples from Vanuatu are polyphyletic, and further indicate that this species has had a more complex history of colonization than do the other two species. Estimated divergence times of alleles sampled in Vanuatu suggest there may be slight differences among species in the timing of colonization of Vanuatu despite differences in flight ability and presumed dispersal ability. In all three species, current populations probably derive from colonists that arrived several million years after the islands formed. Our comparisons illustrate the potential of direct genetic analyses of to highlight historical differences among co-distributed species with similar levels of phenotypic variation.     

HPLC fingerprints combined with principal component analysis,hierarchical cluster analysis and linear discriminant analysis for the classification and differentiation of Peganum sp. indigenous to China

Introduction – Seeds of wild Peganum harmala Linn., P. multisectum (Maxim) Bobr., P. nigellastrum Bunge and a probable indeterminate species, herein referred to as P. variety, are commonly used in Chinese medicine. These seeds cannot be differentiated based on morphology. Objective – Seeds of P. harmala Linn., P. multisectum (Maxim) Bobr., P. nigellastrum Bunge and P. variety were collected in different provinces in China and their HPLC profiles were recorded for statistical analysis and pattern recognition. Methodology – HPLC chromatograms of seed extracts were recorded under the same conditions. Individual HPLC chromatograms for each species were evaluated against the mean chromatogram for the same species generated using a similarity evaluation computer program. Data from chromatographic fingerprints were also processed using principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Results – The Peganum sp. seed extracts had similar HPLC fingerprints but with some inter‐specific differences. The chromatographic fingerprints combined with PCA, HCA and LDA could distinguish the seeds of the different species of Peganum investigated. Conclusion – HPLC fingerprints can be used to authenticate and differentiate the seeds of three different species of genus Peganum indigenous to China. The results indicated that the unidentified P. variety might indeed be a new species or variety. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.