乌梁素海浮游细菌群落结构及其对富营养化因子的响应

【目的】揭示乌梁素海浮游细菌的群落结构及其对富营养化环境因子的响应,认识乌梁素海浮游细菌多样性,以丰富微生物与富营养化关系的理论。【方法】提取水体浮游细菌总DNA,利用细菌通用引物对63F/1387R进行PCR扩增,构建小口、沙尖北和红圪卜3个湖区16S rRNA基因克隆文库;以典型对应分析(CCA)方法解析浮游细菌群落结构对环境因子的响应。【结果】各湖区中富营养化程度最重的红圪卜位点细菌多样性、丰富度及均匀度最高,而富营养化程度最轻的小口位点细菌多样性、丰富度及均匀度最低。Proteobacteria、Bacteroidetes和Actinobacteria为水体中优势类群。α-、γ-、δ-Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria及Bacteroidetes等菌群丰度随着水体的富营养化程度改变而有显著的变化。各湖区皆存在许多可能具有污染物降解及驱动生源要素循环能力的细菌类群。CCA分析表明TN、NH4+、NO3-和COD等水体指标对浮游细菌群落结构组成的影响较大。此外,乌梁素海水体内未知细菌类群很多;且不同于一般淡水生态系统,乌梁素海中存在9.6%的轻度嗜盐碱性细菌。【结论】乌梁素海水体中浮游细菌多样性较高,细菌群落结构复杂、其类群组成与富营养化因子紧密相关。     

海南东寨港红树林不同植被土壤微生物群落结构比较

【目的】比较不同植被下红树林土壤细菌和古菌的多样性及群落结构,认识红树林土壤微生物资源多样性。【方法】直接提取红树林土壤总DNA,采用细菌通用引物27F/1492R和古菌通用引物Arch21F/Arch958R进行PCR扩增,构建细菌和古菌16S rRNA基因文库,对海南东寨港自然保护区秋茄林、无瓣海桑林和无红树林裸滩土壤的细菌和古菌多样性和群落结构进行分析和比较。【结果】3种土壤样品的细菌类群包括变形细菌门(Proteobacteria)等16个类群,其中变形细菌门(Proteobacteria)与绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexi)是优势类群;古菌包括6个嗜泉古菌界(Crenarchaeota)类群和7个广域古菌界(Euryarchaeota)类群,分别以Marine Benthic Group C、Marine Benthic Group D为优势类群。多样性指数(H’)和物种丰富度指数(Schao1)表明,本地种秋茄林下土壤细菌和古菌的多样性指数最高,外来种无瓣海桑显著低于秋茄林,甚至明显低于相邻无红树林裸滩沉积物;不同植被下土壤细菌和古菌群落结构存在显著差异,秋茄林土壤微生物群落结构和无红树林裸滩沉积物更相似。【结论】红树林土壤微生物类群丰富,不同植被下土壤细菌和古菌多样性和群落结构存在显著差异。     

大叶藻(Zostera marina)海草床沉积物细菌和古菌丰度及组成的垂直剖面特征

【背景】海草床是重要的"蓝碳"生态系统,对全球碳汇有重要贡献。海草床沉积物剖面的垂直梯度特征显著,表层呈现氧化态,富含活性有机质,而深层呈还原态,以惰性有机质为主。【目的】探究这种垂直特征如何影响微生物的丰度和群落分布。【方法】利用荧光定量PCR和16SrRNA基因高通量测序等手段,测定了山东荣成天鹅湖大叶藻海草床不同深度(5、10、15、20、25和30 cm)沉积物中细菌和古菌丰度、多样性和群落结构的变化。【结果】细菌和古菌16S rRNA基因拷贝数随深度的增加而降低,在沉积物5cm深处,细菌的16SrRNA基因拷贝数显著高于20cm和30cm层(ANOVA,P0.05)。深度对细菌和古菌α多样性指数没有显著影响(P0.05)。细菌中相对丰度最高的是变形菌门,其次是绿弯菌门,拟杆菌门,浮霉菌门等,其中δ-变形菌和浮霉菌的相对丰度随深度显著增加(P0.05)。古菌群落中深古菌门比例最高,在25cm深处达到70%以上;其次是乌斯菌门、洛基古菌门、广古菌门和奇古菌门等。奇古菌门比例随深度增加而显著降低(P0.05),其他古菌类群在不同深度间差异不显著(P0.05)。【结论】海草床沉积物细菌和古菌的丰度、多样性和群落分布具有明显的垂直特征,这种特征可能受沉积物有机质组成和氧化还原状况影响。     

流式细胞仪检测纳帕海高原湿地浮游病毒和浮游细菌丰度

【背景】浮游病毒是水体微生物群落中重要的组成成分,深入研究浮游病毒的时空分布有助于更好地保护和开发当地的微生物资源。【目的】对采集到的纳帕海高原湿地水样中的浮游病毒和浮游细菌进行计数,揭示纳帕海高原湿地浮游病毒的分布规律。【方法】采用流式细胞仪检测2013年12月和2014年9月纳帕海高原湿地7个水样的浮游病毒与浮游细菌丰度,并对影响浮游病毒丰度的因素,如细菌丰度、叶绿素a含量以及其他环境因子进行了相关性分析。【结果】季节分布上,雨季浮游病毒和浮游细菌丰度高于旱季;水平分布上,原水样品的浮游病毒高于湿地水和淤泥水。旱季水样的浮游病毒丰度受到细菌丰度及叶绿素a浓度的影响较大;雨季水样的浮游病毒丰度受到水体的p H值和温度的影响较大。【结论】纳帕海高原湿地的浮游病毒和浮游细菌是比较活跃的。浮游病毒丰度在不同季节、不同采样点受到细菌丰度和叶绿素a浓度等因素的不同影响。在旱季噬菌体而非噬藻体或浮游植物病毒是纳帕海高原湿地中浮游病毒的优势种群。     

乌梁素海湖滨湿地细菌群落结构多样性

【目的】了解乌梁素海湖滨湿地水陆过渡带细菌群落结构及多样性变化,探讨富营养化湖泊湿地基质条件对细菌群落结构的影响。【方法】应用变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术,分析和比较了依陆向分布的4个水陆过渡带样点的湿地细菌群落结构多样性,采用典型对应分析(CCA)探讨了湿地基质因子对细菌多样性的影响。【结果】DGGE图谱显示依湖泊水体沉积物(S-1)→湖滨芦苇沼泽沉积物(S-2)→湖滨碱蓬盐化草甸土壤(S-3)→岸上白刺荒漠土壤(S-4),4个样点的条带数依次减少,对应菌群结构及多样性变化显著;多样性指数分析结果显示,Shannon-Wiener指数(H)、均匀度(E)、丰富度(S)以及Simpson指数(DS)均显示依陆向分布逐步下降的规律,即:S-1S-2S-3S-4。序列比对结果显示,沉积物及土壤细菌分属于变形菌门(78.6%)、酸杆菌门(7.1%)、拟杆菌门(14.3%)这3个细菌类群,优势菌门为变形菌门,而变形菌门又分为5个亚群,其中ε变形菌纲为优势亚群;CCA结果表明,图中各条带对应物种的分布受铵态氮、总氮、有机碳、水溶盐总量、氯离子以及钾离子影响最大。【结论】乌梁素海富营养化湖泊的水陆过渡带湿地细菌群落结构存在较大差异,富营养化相关基质因子对细菌多样性影响较大。这为研究富营养化湖泊湿地水陆过渡带的细菌结构多样性及空间异质性提供了科学依据。     

太湖夏季浮游细菌群落多样性的空间格局

为了研究太湖夏季浮游细菌群落多样性与水体营养盐的关系,在太湖全湖范围内开展了一次大规模浮游细菌采样调查,分析了太湖不同湖区浮游细菌丰度和多样性组成。研究发现,浮游细菌丰度在不同湖区中存在明显的空间差异,从北部和西部湖区沿湖流向东南方向至湖心和南部沿岸再到东部湖区呈下降趋势,这与太湖水体营养水平从高到低变化趋势一致。浮游细菌丰度与营养盐浓度回归分析结果显示,总磷（TP）与细菌丰度存在较好的正相关（R2=0.6392,n=29,P0.01）,而总氮（TN）与细菌丰度无显著相关（R2=0.0663,n=29,P0.05）。因此,磷是太湖夏季浮游细菌生长的限制因子。不同湖区营养盐与浮游细菌群落多样性也具有显著的正相关,随着营养水平的升高,浮游细菌多样性增加。此外,细菌群落的组成在不同湖区间亦具有明显的空间异质性,与不同湖区营养水平空间变化一致。研究结果将有助于人们更好地理解淡水湖泊中微生物循环和生态系统功能。       

洪潮江水库浮游细菌群落空间分布及其与环境因子的关系

【目的】为了解洪潮江水库浮游细菌群落组成、空间分布及其与环境因子的相互作用关系。【方法】基于16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术,对洪潮江水库浮游细菌群落结构与多样性进行了分析,同步对水体的理化指标进行检测。【结果】洪潮江水库共注释浮游细菌28门79纲168目243科325属85种。优势门为变形菌门、放线菌门、蓝细菌门、疣微菌门、拟杆菌门、浮霉菌门,分别占比21.95%、21.30%、17.98%、12.27%、11.72%、9.51%。基于Bray-Curtis距离的PCoA分析表明,洪潮江水库9个采样点可以被分为3组,细菌群落呈现沿上下游梯度变化的趋势。perMANOVA检验显示,各组差异显著,但是各组的多样性指数没有显著性差异。Mantel分析表明,透明度、浊度、总磷、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、叶绿素a、pH、溶解氧、氧化还原电位、比电导、总溶解固体以及营养状态会显著影响浮游细菌群落结构。【结论】洪潮江水库浮游细菌空间分布特征是自然环境理化因子和农业活动综合作用的结果。研究结果对了解浮游细菌群落空间格局及其对人类活动的响应,以及水库管理具有科学参考价值。     

中国南海北部陆坡沉积物古菌多样性及丰度分析

【目的】海洋沉积物中的古菌在全球生物地球化学循环中充当重要的角色,深入了解沉积物中古菌群落的结构及功能特征是探究海洋沉积物中古菌参与生物地球化学循环和生态学功能的基础。【方法】采用高通量测序技术,分别对南海北部陆坡不同海域(东部,西部和神狐海域的7个站位)沉积物中古菌16SrRNA基因进行Illumina Mi Seq测序。【结果】中国南海北部陆坡沉积物中古菌的主要门类是Bathyarchaeota、Thermoplasmata、Woesearchaeota(DHVEG-6)、Thaumarchaeota(Marine Group I)、Lokiarchaeota和Marine Hydrothermal Vent Group(MHVG),还存在少量的AK8、Marine Benthic Group A和Terrestrial Hot Spring Crenarchaeota Group(THSCG)等。在潜在水合物区沉积物中还发现了甲烷代谢相关古菌(Anaerobic methanotrophic archaea,ANME)类群,主要为ANME-1、ANME-2ab和ANME-2c等。甲烷代谢古菌的分布特征也从甲烷代谢保守功能基因mcr A(Methyl coenzyme-Mreductase A)的扩增中得到了验证。利用定量PCR对南海沉积物中的细菌、古菌的16SrRNA基因和mcrA基因进行了定量,发现细菌16SrRNA基因拷贝数为10~5-10~7 copies/g(湿重),古菌16SrRNA基因拷贝数为10~5-10~6 copies/g(湿重),潜在水合物区mcrA基因拷贝数为10~3-10~5 copies/g(湿重)。【结论】揭示了中国南海北部陆坡沉积物中具有丰富的微生物资源,其中古菌种类多样且丰度较高,同时发现冷泉特征古菌群落,为深入认识和理解南海沉积物中微生物丰度和古菌多样性,以及解析古菌地球化学功能奠定基础。     

太湖夏季浮游细菌群落多样性的空间格局简

为了研究太湖夏季浮游细菌群落多样性与水体营养盐的关系,在太湖全湖范围内开展了一次大规模浮游细菌采样调查,分析了太湖不同湖区浮游细菌丰度和多样性组成。研究发现,浮游细菌丰度在不同湖区中存在明显的空间差异,从北部和西部湖区沿湖流向东南方向至湖心和南部沿岸再到东部湖区呈下降趋势,这与太湖水体营养水平从高到低变化趋势一致。浮游细菌丰度与营养盐浓度回归分析结果显示,总磷(TP)与细菌丰度存在较好的正相关(R2=0.6392,n=29,P0.01),而总氮(TN)与细菌丰度无显著相关(R2=0.0663,n=29,P0.05)。因此,磷是太湖夏季浮游细菌生长的限制因子。不同湖区营养盐与浮游细菌群落多样性也具有显著的正相关,随着营养水平的升高,浮游细菌多样性增加。此外,细菌群落的组成在不同湖区间亦具有明显的空间异质性,与不同湖区营养水平空间变化一致。研究结果将有助于人们更好地理解淡水湖泊中微生物循环和生态系统功能。     

舟山群岛不同功能区划海域细菌群落结构分析

浮游细菌在海洋生态系统中不可或缺,在海洋生物地球化学循环过程中起着关键性作用。【目的】为了解舟山群岛不同功能区划海域细菌群落结构及丰度变化,探索海洋生态因子对细菌群落结构的影响。【方法】于2016年夏季(8月)在舟山群岛不同功能区划海域共设置8个典型站位采集表层海水,基于细菌16S rRNA基因进行高通量测序;利用流式细胞术揭示各海域细菌丰度;利用典范对应分析(Canonical correspondence analysis,CCA)探讨海洋生态因子与细菌多样性之间的关系。【结果】共获取到305487条原始序列,基于97%相似性水平进行OTU(Operational Taxonomic Units)聚类分析,共得到1088个OTUs,包括29个门、62个纲、138个目、239个科、416个属。细菌群落组成在各个站位之间不尽相同,但都主要包括Flavobacteria、Alphaproteobacteria、Gammaproteobacteria三大优势菌纲。CCA结果表明细菌群落结构和多样性情况与站位分布和所在站位的环境因子息息相关,Cyanobacteria受硝酸盐影响显著,Parcubacteria受温度影响最大,而磷酸盐对本实验海域菌群影响甚微。对海洋菌群潜在功能进行预测的结果显示,各海域菌群在氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢、膜运输等方面功能较为突出,为今后舟山海洋微生物研究提供了新的方向。【结论】高通量测序分析可以更精确地揭示海洋菌群的群落结构信息。该研究为细菌群落结构与环境因素的关联提供参考。本研究所取得的大量数据既可以作为对舟山市海洋功能区划施行情况的响应,又将为舟山及其邻近海域浮游细菌群落结构的进一步研究奠定基础。     

Archaeal biogeography and interactions with microbial community across complex subtropical coastal waters

Marine Archaea are crucial in biogeochemical cycles, but their horizontal spatial variability, assembly processes, and microbial associations across complex coastal waters still lack characterizations at high coverage. Using a dense sampling strategy, we investigated horizontal variability in total archaeal, Thaumarchaeota Marine Group (MG) I, and Euryarchaeota MGII communities and associations of MGI/MGII with other microbes in surface waters with contrasting environmental characteristics across ~200 km by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Total archaeal communities were extremely dominated by MGI and/or MGII (98.9% in average relative abundance). Niche partitioning between MGI and MGII or within each group was found across multiple environmental gradients. “Selection” was more important than “dispersal limitation” in governing biogeographic patterns of total archaeal, MGI, and MGII communities, and basic abiotic parameters (such as salinity) and inorganic/organic resources as a whole could be the main driver of “selection”. While “homogenizing dispersal” also considerably governed their biogeography. MGI‐Nitrospira assemblages were speculatively responsible for complete nitrification. MGI taxa commonly had negative correlations with members of Synechococcus but positive correlations with members of eukaryotic phytoplankton, suggesting that competition or synergy between MGI and phytoplankton depends on specific MGI‐phytoplankton assemblages. MGII taxa showed common associations with presumed (photo)heterotrophs including members of SAR11, SAR86, SAR406, and Candidatus Actinomarina. This study sheds light on ecological processes and drivers shaping archaeal biogeography and many strong MGI/MGII‐bacterial associations across complex subtropical coastal waters. Future efforts should be made on seasonality of archaeal biogeography and biological, environmental, or ecological mechanisms underlying these statistical microbial associations.     

Phylogenetic diversity of planktonic archaea in the estuarine region of East China Sea

To examine the diversity and structure of archaeal communities in the Yangtze River estuarine region of East China Sea (ECS), the 16S rRNA gene clone libraries of two typical sites were constructed with the archaea-specific primers. In total, 71 clones randomly selected were screened by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis and 21 clones with unique RFLP pattern were sequenced. All the sequences are clustered into the two groups of Marine Group I (MGI) and Marine Group II (MGII) which are affiliated with the phyla Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota, respectively. MGI clones dominate both libraries with 20 MGI sequences obtained. The majority of sequences are closely related to uncultured marine archaea except for two sequences of which the nearest neighbor is a newly identified isolate of nitrifying marine archaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus (98% identity). The results indicate that ECS coastal waters are inhabited by archaeal community with low dominance and high diversity corresponding to the complex estuarine environments, suggesting that archaea may perform an important role in the estuarine ecosystem.     

Archaeal diversity in waters from deep South African gold mines.

A culture-independent molecular analysis of archaeal communities in waters collected from deep South African gold mines was performed by performing a PCR-mediated terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of rRNA genes (rDNA) in conjunction with a sequencing analysis of archaeal rDNA clone libraries. The water samples used represented various environments, including deep fissure water, mine service water, and water from an overlying dolomite aquifer. T-RFLP analysis revealed that the ribotype distribution of archaea varied with the source of water. The archaeal communities in the deep gold mine environments exhibited great phylogenetic diversity; the majority of the members were most closely related to uncultivated species. Some archaeal rDNA clones obtained from mine service water and dolomite aquifer water samples were most closely related to environmental rDNA clones from surface soil (soil clones) and marine environments (marine group I [MGI]). Other clones exhibited intermediate phylogenetic affiliation between soil clones and MGI in the Crenarchaeota. Fissure water samples, derived from active or dormant geothermal environments, yielded archaeal sequences that exhibited novel phylogeny, including a novel lineage of Euryarchaeota. These results suggest that deep South African gold mines harbor novel archaeal communities distinct from those observed in other environments. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of archaeal strains and rDNA clones, including the newly discovered archaeal rDNA clones, the evolutionary relationship and the phylogenetic organization of the domain Archaea are reevaluated.     

A combined lipidomic and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing approach reveals archaeal sources of intact polar lipids in the stratified Black Sea water column

Archaea are important players in marine biogeochemical cycles, and their membrane lipids are useful biomarkers in environmental and geobiological studies. However, many archaeal groups remain uncultured and their lipid composition unknown. Here, we aim to expand the knowledge on archaeal lipid biomarkers and determine the potential sources of those lipids in the water column of the euxinic Black Sea. The archaeal community was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and by quantitative PCR. The archaeal intact polar lipids (IPLs) were investigated by ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Our study revealed both a complex archaeal community and large changes with water depth in the IPL assemblages. In the oxic/upper suboxic waters (<105 m), the archaeal community was dominated by marine group (MG) I Thaumarchaeota, coinciding with a higher relative abundance of hexose phosphohexose crenarchaeol, a known marker for Thaumarchaeota. In the suboxic waters (80–110 m), MGI Nitrosopumilus sp. dominated and produced predominantly monohexose glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) and hydroxy‐GDGTs. Two clades of MGII Euryarchaeota were present in the oxic and upper suboxic zones in much lower abundances, preventing the detection of their specific IPLs. In the deep sulfidic waters (>110 m), archaea belonging to the DPANN Woesearchaeota, Bathyarchaeota, and ANME‐1b clades dominated. Correlation analyses suggest that the IPLs GDGT‐0, GDGT‐1, and GDGT‐2 with two phosphatidylglycerol (PG) head groups and archaeol with a PG, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine head groups were produced by ANME‐1b archaea. Bathyarchaeota represented 55% of the archaea in the deeper part of the euxinic zone and likely produces archaeol with phospho‐dihexose and hexose‐glucuronic acid head groups.     

Vertical structure of archaeal communities and the distribution of ammonia monooxygenase A gene variants in two meromictic High Arctic lakes

The distribution of archaeal amoA and 16S rRNA genes was evaluated in two marine-derived, meromictic lakes in the Canadian High Arctic: Lake A and Lake C1 on the northern coast of Ellesmere Island. The amoA gene was recorded in both lakes, with highest copy numbers in the oxycline. Sequence analysis showed that amoA from the two lakes shared 94% similarity, indicating at least two phylogenetically distinct clusters. Clone libraries of archaeal 16S rRNA genes from Lake A revealed strong vertical differences in archaeal community diversity and composition down the water column. The oxic layer was dominated by one group of Euryarchaeota affiliated to the Lake Dagow Sediment (LDS) cluster. This group was absent from the oxycline, which had an extremely low archaeal diversity of two phylotypes. Both belonged to the Crenarchaeota Marine Group I (MGI), the marine group that has been linked to archaeal amoA ; however, there was a low ratio of amoA to MGI copy numbers, suggesting that many MGI Archaea did not carry the amoA gene. The anoxic zone contained representatives of the RC-V (Rice Cluster-V) and LDS clusters of Euryarchaeota. These results show the strong vertical differentiation of archaeal communities in polar meromictic lakes, and they suggest archaeal nitrification within the oxycline of these highly stratified waters.     

Archaeal Diversity in Waters from Deep South African Gold Mines

A culture-independent molecular analysis of archaeal communities in waters collected from deep South African gold mines was performed by performing a PCR-mediated terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of rRNA genes (rDNA) in conjunction with a sequencing analysis of archaeal rDNA clone libraries. The water samples used represented various environments, including deep fissure water, mine service water, and water from an overlying dolomite aquifer. T-RFLP analysis revealed that the ribotype distribution of archaea varied with the source of water. The archaeal communities in the deep gold mine environments exhibited great phylogenetic diversity; the majority of the members were most closely related to uncultivated species. Some archaeal rDNA clones obtained from mine service water and dolomite aquifer water samples were most closely related to environmental rDNA clones from surface soil (soil clones) and marine environments (marine group I [MGI]). Other clones exhibited intermediate phylogenetic affiliation between soil clones and MGI in the Crenarchaeota. Fissure water samples, derived from active or dormant geothermal environments, yielded archaeal sequences that exhibited novel phylogeny, including a novel lineage of Euryarchaeota. These results suggest that deep South African gold mines harbor novel archaeal communities distinct from those observed in other environments. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of archaeal strains and rDNA clones, including the newly discovered archaeal rDNA clones, the evolutionary relationship and the phylogenetic organization of the domain Archaea are reevaluated.     

富营养化城市湖泊武汉东湖沉积物微生物群体结构及空间变化研究(英文)北大核心CSCD

【目的】城市湖泊沉积物中的微生物群体是富营养环境生物修复的重要因素。本研究拟对中型富营养化湖泊——武汉东湖沉积物细菌群体结构及空间变化规律进行研究。加深对富营养湖泊微生物群体结构的理解,并为城市湖泊的保护和污染控制提供参考。【方法】采用16S r RNA基因RFLP分析和序列分析技术获得细菌群体系统发育信息。采用PCoA法分析武汉东湖沉积物细菌群体内以及与其它湖泊沉积物细菌群体间的相似性。采用CCA法分析环境因素对细菌群体的影响。【结果】武汉东湖沉积物细菌群体包含13个门和2个未知种群。PCoA分析进一步表明来自东湖3个子湖的细菌群体与其它地域富营养化湖泊的微生物种群结构相似,并区别于重度富营养化子湖庙湖的细菌群体。在庙湖中,我们发现了Thermogymnomonas类古菌的含量显著偏高。CCA分析表明细菌的分布与沉积物中碳、氮和磷元素的含量显著相关。【结论】本研究进一步确证了环境因素对细菌群体组成和分布的调节作用,加深了对富营养水体微生物群体结构的理解,并为城市湖泊的保护和污染控制提供了参考。     

Paternity analysis reveals significant isolation and near neighbor pollen dispersal in small Cariniana legalis Mart. Kuntze populations in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Throughout the world, large trees are increasingly rare. Cariniana legalis is the tallest tree species of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, reaching up to 60 m in height. Due to extensive deforestation of the Atlantic Forest, remnant C. legalis populations are small and spatially isolated, requiring the development of strategies for their conservation. For in situ and ex situ genetic conservation to be effective, it is important to understand the levels and patterns of spatial genetic structure (SGS), and gene flow. We investigated SGS and pollen flow in three small, physically isolated C. legalis stands using microsatellite loci. We measured, mapped, and sampled all C. legalis trees in the three stands: 65 trees from Ibicatu population, 22 trees from MGI, and 4 trees from MGII. We also collected and genotyped 600 seeds from Ibicatu, 250 seeds from MGI, and 200 seeds from MGII. Significant SGS was detected in Ibicatu up to 150 m, but substantial levels of external pollen flow were also detected in Ibicatu (8%), although not in MGI (0.4%) or MGII (0%). Selfing was highest in MGII (18%), the smallest group of trees, compared to MGI (6.4%) and Ibicatu (6%). In MGI and MGII, there was a strong pattern of mating among near‐neighbors. Seed collection strategies for breeding, in situ and ex situ conservation and ecological restoration, must ensure collection from seed trees located at distances greater than 350 m and from several forest fragments.     

象山港网箱养殖区沉积物的古菌空间分布

对象山港网箱养殖区及其周边沉积物中古菌群落的空间分布进行研究,应用基于16S rRNA基因的T-RFLP(末端限制性片段多态性分析)技术分析象山港网箱养殖区及其周边不同深度沉积物中古菌的群落结构和多样性,并构建克隆文库进行系统发育学分析。测定沉积物各项理化因子,通过PCA和RDA分析了古菌群落分布及其与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,泉古菌是港口沉积物中的优势古菌群,占古菌群落的50%以上。网箱养殖区沉积物的古菌群落结构较非养殖区简单,多样性降低。非养殖区古菌群落随深度呈现有规律的变化。营养盐类和pH是造成养殖区域古菌群落结构区别于非养殖区域的主要环境因素。     

甘肃白银铜矿矿坑土壤细菌和古菌的多样性及坡度分布特征

【背景】甘肃白银铜矿作为西部地区的重要矿区，探究其细菌和古菌多样性及坡度分布特征对明确矿区微生物多样性分布具有关键意义。【目的】通过分析白银铜矿矿坑不同坡度的土壤细菌群落多样性和古菌群落多样性，探究不同坡度土壤样品细菌及古菌多样性与理化性质之间的关系。【方法】以不同坡度的白银铜矿土样为材料，采用Illumina HiSeq测序技术，分析样品的细菌多样性和古菌多样性。【结果】α和β多样性分析表明，ACE、Chao1、Shannon和Simpson等多样性指数在样品间存在显著差异。白银铜矿矿坑土壤的细菌排名前十的纲是Gammaproteobacteria、Oxyphotobacteria、Alphaproteobacteria、Bacteroidia、Actinobacteria、Clostridia、Nitrospira、Bacilli、Mollicutes和Acidimicrobiia，相对丰度最高的是Gammaproteobacteria。在纲水平上，白银铜矿的古菌由Thermoplasmata、Nitrososphaeria、Methanomicrobia、Halobacteria、Methanobacteria、Group_1.1c和Bathyarchaeia组成，相对丰度最高的是Thermoplasmata。冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)得出，pH和速效磷是影响土壤多样性的最重要因素。【结论】白银铜矿为强酸性铜矿，其土壤铜离子含量最高。从坡顶到坡底，pH呈现先降低再升高的趋势(2.18-4.75)，铜离子(20-150mg/kg)和总铁(2.5-50mg/kg)呈现先升高后降低的趋势，铵态氮(3.61-44.90mg/kg)、速效磷(0-56.79mg/kg)和速效钾(9.07-35.65mg/kg)含量低且呈现波动趋势，硫化物(1mg/kg)无明显变化。白银铜矿矿坑土壤细菌相对丰度最高的属为Acidithiobacillus，古菌相对丰度较高的属为uncultured_bacterium_f_Ferroplasmaceae和uncultured_bacterium_f_Nitrososphaeraceae。其中，细菌多样性受到pH驱动，古菌多样性受到速效磷的驱动。本研究有助于我们进一步了解白银铜矿土壤微生物群落的变化。