叉蕨科4属5种植物配子体的发育模式及其系统学意义

利用光学显微镜详细观察了叉蕨科(Aspidiaceae)4属5种植物, 即肋毛蕨属(Ctenitis (C. Chr.)C. Chr.)的亮鳞肋毛蕨 (C. subglandulosa (Hance)Ching)和海南肋毛蕨(C. decurrenti-pinnata (Ching)Ching)、轴脉蕨属(Ctenitopsis Ching ex Tard.-Blot et C. Chr.)的轴脉蕨(C. sagenioides (Mett.)Ching)、黄腺羽蕨属(Pleocnemia Presl )的黄腺羽蕨(P. winitti Holtt.)以及叉蕨属(Tectaria Cav.)的剑叶叉蕨(T. leptophylla (C. H. Wright)Ching)的配子体发育过程, 记录了配子体各发育阶段的模式特征, 认为这5种植物的孢子、丝状体、片状体、生长点、翼片、细胞、毛状体和假根等具有稳定的系统学意义。检索结果与该科的经典分类结果基本相似, 并在此基础上编写了各分类群的检索表。本研究为叉蕨科系统学研究积累了详实的配子体形态学资料。     

香港蕨类植物分布新记录和名称修订(三)

报道了近年在香港再发现的两个属－黄腺蕨属（叉蕨科）和网藤蕨属（藤蕨科）,并对港产的黄腺蕨、有盖黄腺蕨和网藤蕨的标本和文献进行整理,及对国产的相近种类作分类处理,把钩形黄腺羽蕨和广西黄腺羽蕨归并于黄腺蕨中。此外,亦对网藤蕨进行了长期观察,证实了Holtum关于该种的叶轴顶端的形态修正。黄腺蕨属和网藤蕨属在香港的再发现,对华南蕨植物地理区系的研究具有一定的意义。由于这两属在本地均为罕见之种类,故可考虑到入得法珍稀蕨类名单之内。     

叉蕨科30种植物叶表皮形态特征研究

利用光镜对叉蕨科7属30种植物叶表皮形态特征进行详细观察研究。结果显示：（1）叉蕨科30种植物的叶上表皮和下表皮细胞形状均为不规则型,垂周壁式样为深波状或浅波状,具单晶或针晶;上表皮细胞的长宽比为1.62~4.0,下表皮细胞的长宽比为1.63~3.06。（2）在30种植物中共观察到7种气孔器类型,分别为：极细胞型、腋下细胞型、聚合极细胞型、聚腋下细胞型、不等细胞型、无规则四细胞型和不规则型,每种植物分别具有4~7种气孔器类型,均为下生型气孔;气孔长宽比为1.22~1.91,气孔密度为8~76个/mm²,气孔指数为3.9%~25.7%。（3）基于气孔器类型组成进行聚类分析,可将30种植物分成3个类群。（4）对叶表皮形态特征分析认为,轴脉蕨属应介于叉蕨属和肋毛蕨属之间,且与叉蕨属关系更近;叉蕨属的范畴还有待进一步研究;支持将肋毛蕨属从叉蕨科中分离出来置于鳞毛蕨科,但不支持黄腺羽蕨属归入鳞毛蕨科。     

叉蕨科是一个多系类群: 基于叶绿体rbcL和atpB基因的分析

叉蕨科植物为泛热带分布, 全世界约有20余属, 中国产8属. 本研究以属为单位进行类群取样, 利用来自叶绿体基因组的两个基因(rbcL和atpB)对叉蕨科中国产全部8属植物进行系统发育重建, 用以探讨叉蕨科及其科下系统发育关系. 研究结果显示, 传统(秦仁昌系统)的叉蕨科是一个多系类群, 肋毛蕨属Ctenitis, 轴鳞蕨属Dryopsis和节毛蕨属Lastreopsis应该从叉蕨科分出而作为鳞毛蕨科成员, 黄腺羽蕨属Pleocnemia也暂时置于鳞毛蕨科. 轴脉蕨属Ctenitopsis, 沙皮蕨属Hemigramma, 牙蕨属Pteridrys, 地耳蕨属Quercifilix和叉蕨属Tectaria在系统发育树上聚为一支, 形成一个得到强烈支持的单系类群. 在rbcL单基因分析中, 爬树蕨属Arthropteris同上述单系类群聚在一起. 本研究基于叶绿体基因的证据对叉蕨科进行了重新定义.     

短柄禾叶蕨配子体发育的研究

首次通过人工培养的方式,详细记录了短柄禾叶蕨（Grammitis dorsipila（Christ．）C．Chr．）具代表性的配子体形态发育全过程及各环节的特征,包括孢子萌发、原丝体、毛状体、叶绿体、边缘细胞、精子器等,并附特征性结构照片29幅。为禾叶蕨科（Grammitidaceae）的研究积累了配子体发育方面的详实资料,并初步讨论了短柄禾叶蕨配子体特征所体现的系统学意义。     

云南产轴鳞蕨属（三叉蕨科）植物的分类研究

采用R．E．Holttum与P．J．Edwards1986年提出的轴鳞蕨属Dryopsis的概念,对云南产的轴鳞蕨属植物进行分类研究。云南产轴鳞蕨属植物共有8个种,其中,独立江轴鳞蕨Dryopsis dulongensis(S.K.Wu et X.Cheng）S．Y．Dong为新组合,Dryopsis fengiana(Ching)Holttum et Edwards为新异名。并列出了分种检索表、种的文献引证、标本引证和地理分布。     

短柄禾叶蕨配子体发育的研究

首次通过人工培养的方式,详细记录了短柄禾叶蕨（Grammitis dorsipila (Christ.)C.Chr.）具代表性的配子体形态发育全过程及各环节的特征,包括孢子萌发、原丝体、毛状体、叶绿体、边缘细胞、精子器等,并附特征性结构照片29幅。为禾叶蕨科（Grammitidaceae）的研究积累了配子体发育方面的详实资料,并初步讨论了短柄禾叶蕨配子体特征所体现的系统学意义。     

海南岛叉蕨科植物的增补与修订

发现滇桂三相蕨Ataxipteris dianguiensis W. M. Chu & H. G. Zhou和多形叉蕨Tecataria polymorpha (Wall. ex Hook.) Copel.为海南新分布, 并为滇桂三相蕨指定了后选模式,讨论了燕尾叉蕨T. simonsii (Baker) Ching和中型叉蕨T. media Ching的异同,澄清了三叉蕨T. subtriphylla (Hook. & Arn.) Copel.和多形叉蕨的形态变异,把云南产狭基叉蕨T. polymorpha var. subcuneata Ching & Chu H. Wang处理为多形叉蕨的异名。至此,海南产叉蕨科植物为8属20种。     

中国实蕨属的分类修订

对实蕨属Bolbitis的17种植物的孢子进行了扫描电镜观察。根据孢子周壁特征,中国产实蕨属的孢子明显可分为3种类型：A型孢子具网状周壁,B型孢子具鸡冠状-波状周壁,C型孢子具平滑的波状周壁。孢子周壁特征、叶脉式样和叶片顶部的形态是实蕨属中最有价值的分类学性状。根据标本检查,结合野外调查和孢子形态观察,对中国产实蕨属的分类进行了修订,确定中国有实蕨属植物20种和3杂交种,其中包括2个新组合B. fengiana (Ching) S. Y. Dong和B. medogensis (Ching &; S. K. Wu) S. Y. Dong,以及2个中国新分布B. costata Ching ex C. Chr.和B. hookeriana K. Iwats.。将B. latipinna Ching、B. media Ching &; Chu H. Wang、B. yunnanensis Ching、Egenolfia crassifolia Ching、E. crenata Ching &; P. S. Chiu、E. fengiana Ching、E. medogensis Ching &; S. K. Wu和E. ×yunnanensis Ching &; P. S. Chiu等8个名称处理为新异名。文中给出了分种检索表、每个种的生境和分布资料、大多数种的特征集要和孢子扫描电镜照片。     

叉蕨科30种植物叶表皮形态特征研究

利用光镜对叉蕨科7属30种植物叶表皮形态特征进行详细观察研究。结果显示:(1)叉蕨科30种植物的叶上表皮和下表皮细胞形状均为不规则型,垂周壁式样为深波状或浅波状,具单晶或针晶;上表皮细胞的长宽比为1.62～4.0,下表皮细胞的长宽比为1.63～3.06。(2)在30种植物中共观察到7种气孔器类型,分别为:极细胞型、腋下细胞型、聚合极细胞型、聚腋下细胞型、不等细胞型、无规则四细胞型和不规则型,每种植物分别具有4～7种气孔器类型,均为下生型气孔;气孔长宽比为1.22～1.91,气孔密度为8～76个/mm~2,气孔指数为3.9%～25.7%。(3)基于气孔器类型组成进行聚类分析,可将30种植物分成3个类群。(4)对叶表皮形态特征分析认为,轴脉蕨属应介于叉蕨属和肋毛蕨属之间,且与叉蕨属关系更近;叉蕨属的范畴还有待进一步研究;支持将肋毛蕨属从叉蕨科中分离出来置于鳞毛蕨科,但不支持黄腺羽蕨属归入鳞毛蕨科。     

A Taxonomical Study of the Family Aspidiaceae from the Mainland of Asia

The object of this paper is to deal with the taxonomical problems of the family Aspidiaceae from the mainland of Asia. In recent years I have had the opportunity to study copious materials of the family from this region, and recognized the following nine genera, namely, Lastreopsis Ching, Ctenitis C. Chr., Ctenitopsis Ching, Pleocnemia Presl, Arcypteris Underw., Tectaria Cavanilles, Quercifilix Cop., Hemigramma Christ and Pteridrys C. Chr. et Ching. The members of this family are middle-sized, terrestrial ferns; rhizome erect or suberect, dictyostelic, scaly; leaves tufted, generally uniform, simple pinnate to tripinnatifid; veins free or anastomosing, forming areoles with or without free included veinlets; rachis and costa raised on the upper surface, and, as a rule, covered with pale brown multicellular articulate hairs (ctenitis-hairs); sori round or in a few cases acrostichoid; indusia reniform, or in some genera absent; spores bilateral with perispore. Dryopteridaceae and Lomariopsidaceae are closely related to Aspidiaceae, and both were placed in the latter family by the fern students in the past. The main differences of Dryopteridaceae from Aspidiaceae are: leaves pale green when dried; costa and costule grooved and free from articulate hairs (ctenitis-hairs) on the upper side; veins free or very rarely anastomosing (venatio cyrtomii). In general appearance the genus Ctenitis of Aspidiaceae is very similar to the bipinnate species of Dryopteridaceae, such as Dryopteris filix-mas (Linn.) Schott, but its costa and costule are raised and covered by ctenitis-hairs on the upper side, and the leaves turning dull brown when dried, so that it has no difficulty in distinguishing the genus from the true Dryopteris. The recognition of the free-veined Ctenitis and its allies as the primitive tectarioid ferns is very important in delimiting both Aspidiaceae and Dryopteridaceae, which were all mixed up in the past. Moreover, from the standpoint of plant geography, these two families are also distinct, for the Dryopteridaceae are mainly ferns of the temperate regions and the mountains in subtropics in the Northern Hemisphere, but the Aspidiaceae are pantropical by origin. The chief differences of Lomariopsidaceae from the Aspidiaceae are: rhizome creeping or high-climbing; leaves strongly dimorphous, free from the ctenitis-hairs; sori acrostichoid. That Holttum has made Aspidiaceae a subfamily Tectarioideae of the family Dennstaedtiaceae proves to be very unnatural, because there is hardly any affinity between the two families; while Aspidiaceae of Copeland is a terrible mixture of Thelypteridaceae, Athyriaceae, Dryopteridaceae and Aspidiaceae (sen. strict.) and a few other families, for even he himself admitted that no one can use the definition to identify any unknown members of his family. Finally, I feel grateful to my teacher, Professor R. C. Ching, for his constant encouragement and warm guidance received both in the course of my study and in the prepara-tion of the present paper.     

广东蕨类植物新资料

报道了2个新异名,1个新等级和35种蕨类植物在广东的分布新记录。正安肋毛蕨（Ctenitis changanensis Ching）和信宜铁角蕨（Asplenium xinyiense Ching et S.H.Wu）分别作直鳞肋毛蕨（Ctenitis eatoni (Bak.) Ching）和厚叶铁角蕨（Asplenium griffithianum Hook）的异名处理;齿翅井栏凤尾蕨（Pteris serralata（Miau）Y. H. Yan）被提升到种的等级;假芒萁属（Sticherus Presl）、柄盖蕨属（Peranema D. Don）、蛾眉蕨属（Lunathyrium Koidz.）和革舌蕨属（Scleroglossum Alderw）等4个属为广东分布新记录,小笠原卷柏（Selaginella boninensis Baker）为中国大陆分布新记录。广东现有蕨类已达到56科144属502种。     

不同生境中猴腿蹄盖蕨种群调查

猴腿蹄盖蕨〔Athyrium multidentatum(Dol.)Ch ing〕是一种食药兼用型植物,为了合理的开发利用,在吉林省东南部山区临江市境内,调查分析了其分布的5个典型群落,并测量株高、冠幅、密度和含水率。结果表明:猴腿蹄盖蕨的生态适宜性较广,不同群落条件下株高、冠幅、密度差异较大,水分和光照强度是影响其生长发育和繁殖的主要生态因子,适当的强光照和高湿度条件有利于猴腿蹄盖蕨的有性繁殖和生长发育,针阔混交林林缘和白桦次生林林窗群落条件最适宜猴腿蹄盖蕨种群的发展。环境条件的差异对含水率的影响较小。通过探讨适合种群生长发育的环境条件,为引种驯化提供科学依据。     

广东蕨类植物分布新记录

报道7个广东分布新记录种：细羽凤尾蕨、尾头风尾蕨、仙霞铁线蕨、雷波铁角蕨、阔鳞肋毛蕨、网脉实蕨和海南假瘤蕨。其中细羽凤尾蕨、尾头凤尾蕨、仙霞铁线蕨、雷波铁角蕨为石灰岩上生长种类。     

中国篦齿蕨属植物（水龙骨科）一新组合种

根据叶绿体rbcL和rps4-trnS序列及叶脉类型、孢子纹饰特征等证据,栗柄水龙骨Polypodiodes microrhizoma（C.B.Clarke ex Baker）Ching属于篦齿蕨属Metapolypodium Ching的范畴,因此将其组合到篦齿蕨属MetapolypodiumChing之下更合理。文中报道了该新组合种,即栗柄篦齿蕨Metapolypodium microrhizomum（C.B.Clarke ex Baker）S.G.Lu et L.H.Yang。     

金粉蕨配子体发育及其无配子生殖的研究

采用光学显微镜和半薄切片技术对金粉蕨(Onychium siliculosum(Desv.)C.Chr.)的配子体发育及其无配子生殖进行了研究。金粉蕨孢子黄褐色,具三裂缝,孢子萌发时先产生假根,然后长出原叶体细胞,萌发类型为书带蕨型。原叶体细胞经丝状体、片状体发育为原叶体,发育类型为水蕨型。金粉蕨配子体分枝发达,成熟配子体呈丛状。多次培养表明金粉蕨只能产生精子器,不能产生颈卵器,为专性无配子生殖。半薄切片观察表明配子体生长点下方的细胞经分裂产生一群小型细胞,由它们发育为无配子生殖胚。小型细胞先分化出无性胚芽,再分化出胚根。胚芽与胚根,胚与配子体之间由分化出的导管连接。     

浙江省蕨类植物新记录

报道浙江省蕨类植物新记录种4个,即膜蕨科的毛蕗蕨Hymenophyllum exsertum Wall. ex Hook.、墨兰瓶蕨Vandenboschia cystoseiroides (Christ) Ching和管苞瓶蕨Vandenboschia kalamocarpa (Hayata) Ebihara,以及鳞毛蕨科的二型肋毛蕨Ctenitis dingnanensis Ching。凭证标本存放于浙江省景宁县林业局标本馆。     

Chromosome counts in some Chinese ferns

The spore mother cells of six species of Chinese homosporous ferns have been examined, among them the chromosome numbers of five species, Adiantum capillus-junonis Rupr. (n= 30), Ctenitis rhodolepis (Clarke) Ching (n = 41), Cyclogramma flexilis (Christ) Tagawa (n = 68), Leptogramma scallani (Christ) Ching (n = 36) and Vandenboschia auriculata (B1.) Copel. (n=36), from Emei Shan (Omei) Sichuan province are recorded for the first time. The chromosome number n=68 from the species Cyclogramma flexilis suggests that the base number for this genus is 34. Another species, Athyrium brevifrons Nakai from Wuling Shah Beijing (Peking) has a gameticchromosome number n=40, as already reported by K. Mitui and H. Hirabayashi.