UeberLathyrus latifolius L. undL. silvestris L.

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Somaclonal variation inLolium multiflorum L. andL. temulentum L.

Tiller-derived callus ofLolium multiflorum L. gave rise to 65 regenerants displaying variation in height, flowering time, chromosome number and alteration to the banding pattern of the isoenzyme superoxide dismutase. Plants were also regenerated from callus cultures initiated from immature embryos of the related inbreeding speciesLolium temulentum L. Progeny of the regenerated plants from this species displayed variation in height, flowering date, ear length and chlorophyll content.Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - BAP 6-benzylaminopurine     

Direct Organogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Preconditioned Tissue Cultures of Lathyrus cicera L., L. ochrus (L.)DC. and L. sativus L.

This study demonstrates the importance of preconditioning ofsource tissue in regeneration of multiple shoot buds from severalspecies of Lathyrus. Preconditioned multiple shoots of Lathyruscicera L., L. ochrus (L.) DC. and L. sativus L. were obtainedby germinating seeds on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing50 µM N⁵-benzylaminopurine (BAP) for 2 to 3 weeks. Multipleshoot bud formation occurred when epicotyl explants of preconditionedshoots were cultured on MS medium containing 5–50 µMBAP. No shoot regeneration was observed from epicotyl explantswhich were obtained from non-preconditioned shoots. Shoot budswere formed directly on explants without an intervening callusphase after 2 to 3 weeks of culture. Regenerated shoot budsformed healthy shoots which developed prolific and strong rootswhen transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2.5 µMnaphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Lathyrus cicera L., L. ochrus (L.) DC., Ochrus Vetch, L. sativus L., Lathyrus pea, de novo differentiation, epicotyl, preconditioning with BAP     

黄花烟草和枸杞属间原生质体融合再生杂种小苗

利用改良的PEG方法以2%的频率诱导黄花烟草原生质体和经IOA失活的枸杞原生体融合。在获得的250块愈伤组织中,有5块为形态上与枸杞愈伤组织类似。对这5块愈伤组织的过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶分析结果表明,其中的2块(记作Hy2和Hy5)为对称程度较高的体细胞核杂种,其它3块为不对称核杂种或细胞质杂种。细胞学观察指出,Hy2和Hy5的平均染色体数目分别为98.2和59.3。此外,两个杂种的几乎所有中期细胞均含有结构变异的染色体。以小麦rDNA为探针的Southern杂交结果表明,Hy2和Hy5均含有双亲DNA特异片段。从Hy5再生出了形态上介于双亲之间的小苗。对再生苗叶片的酯酶同工酶分析指出,这些小苗含有双亲的特征酶带。     

Draba L.

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

J. L. Holuby

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

BREEDING SYSTEMS IN ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA L., A. SYRIACA L., AND A. VERTICILLATA L.

A series of experimental pollinations involving three sympatric species provided strong evidence for physiological and/or genetic barriers to hybridization in Asclepias. Pollen tubes were observed to penetrate the style in some interspecific crosses of all species pairs. Aniline blue fluorescence microscopy also demonstrated pollen tube penetration of foreign ovules following pollinations between A. incarnata and A. verticillata. However, none of the 279 total pollinations attempted between species yielded mature seed, indicating the presence of late pre-fertilization or early post-fertilization incompatibility. Intraspecific pollinations in greenhouse and field populations revealed greater crossability between populations than within populations of a single species. Self-pollinations of A. verticillata were unsuccessful, while 29% and 4% of those of A. incarnata and A. syriaca, respectively, yielded mature follicles. It is suggested that the potential for autogamy, combined with floral mechanisms requiring pollination by insects, insure the advantages of both the genetic variability promoted by outcrossing and the reproductive assurance of uniparental reproduction. Strong reproductive barriers between species reduce the change of intergradation where species occur sympatrically.     

胡葱与洋葱、葱亲缘关系初探

Allium ascalonicum L,在我国的邦名比较混乱,而且它与洋葱、葱的亲缘关系不清。作者认为,它在我国的邦名应规范为胡葱,同时,从性状比较的角度研究胡葱与洋葱、葱之间的亲缘关系。结果表明,胡葱的植物学特征和生物学特性介于洋葱和葱之间。